C++ fstream << 和>> 二进制数据的运算符

发布于 2024-07-30 17:43:24 字数 512 浏览 6 评论 0 原文

我总是阅读并被告知,在处理二进制文件时,应该使用 read() 和 write() 而不是 << 和>> 运算符,因为它们适用于格式化数据。 我还读到可以使用它们,但这是一个高级主题,我找不到有人深入研究和讨论的地方。

我最近看到一些代码执行以下操作:

 std::ifstream file1("x", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
 std::ofstream file2("y", ios_base::app | ios_base::binary);

 file1 << file2.rdbuf();

当我指出 << 的使用时, 运算符与二进制文件,我被告知 rdbuf() 调用返回一个 Streambuf * 并且 << 重载streambuf*并进行不带格式的直接复制,因此是安全的。

这是真的并且安全吗? 效率如何? 有什么问题吗? 详细信息将不胜感激。

谢谢!

I've always read and been told that when dealing with binary files that one should use read() and write() as opposed to the << and >> operators as they are meant for use with formatted data. I've also read that it is possible to use them, but it is an advanced topic, which I can't find where anyone dives into and discusses.

I recently saw some code which did the following:

 std::ifstream file1("x", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
 std::ofstream file2("y", ios_base::app | ios_base::binary);

 file1 << file2.rdbuf();

When I pointed out the use of the << operator with the binary file, I was told that the rdbuf() call returns a streambuf * and that << overloads the streambuf* and does a direct copy with no formatting and is thus safe.

Is this true and also safe? How about efficiency? Any gotchas? Details would be much appreciated.

Thanks!

如果你对这篇内容有疑问,欢迎到本站社区发帖提问 参与讨论,获取更多帮助,或者扫码二维码加入 Web 技术交流群。

扫码二维码加入Web技术交流群

发布评论

需要 登录 才能够评论, 你可以免费 注册 一个本站的账号。

评论(3

为你拒绝所有暧昧 2024-08-06 17:43:24

是(参见 27.6.2.5.3/6,其中描述了 Streambuf 的 << 重载)。

Yes (see 27.6.2.5.3/6 where the overload of << for streambuf is described).

太阳哥哥 2024-08-06 17:43:24

这是完全安全且合理的复制流的方法。

请注意,它还允许以下内容:

std::ifstream file_in1("x1", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
std::ifstream file_in2("x2", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
std::ofstream file_out("y", ios_base::app | ios_base::binary);

file_out << file_in1.rdbuf() << "\nand\n" << file_in2.rdbuf();

It's entirely safe and a reasonable way to copy streams.

Note that it also allows stuff like:

std::ifstream file_in1("x1", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
std::ifstream file_in2("x2", ios_base::in | ios_base::binary);
std::ofstream file_out("y", ios_base::app | ios_base::binary);

file_out << file_in1.rdbuf() << "\nand\n" << file_in2.rdbuf();
肩上的翅膀 2024-08-06 17:43:24

在 C++ 标准的第 27.7.3.6.3 节中,提到了
basic_ostream& 运算符<<
(basic_streambuf* sb);
效果:表现为未格式化的输出函数(如 27.7.3.7 第 1 段中所述)。

§ 27.7.3.7 描述了“未格式化的输入”,它基本上是一个二进制副本。 这意味着“未格式化”的 ostream 函数对于二进制数据是安全的。 我能找到的标准中提到的其他“未格式化”函数有 putwrite 和(官方)flush

In § 27.7.3.6.3 of the C++ standard, it's mentioned that
basic_ostream<charT,traits>& operator<<
(basic_streambuf<charT,traits>* sb);
Effects: Behaves as an unformatted output function (as described in 27.7.3.7, paragraph 1).

§ 27.7.3.7 describes "unformatted input" which is basically a binary copy. This means that "unformatted" ostream functions are safe for binary data. The other "unformatted" functions mentioned in the standard that I can find are put, write and (officially) flush.

~没有更多了~
我们使用 Cookies 和其他技术来定制您的体验包括您的登录状态等。通过阅读我们的 隐私政策 了解更多相关信息。 单击 接受 或继续使用网站,即表示您同意使用 Cookies 和您的相关数据。
原文