Java DecimalFormat 科学记数法问题

发布于 2024-07-30 09:37:31 字数 614 浏览 19 评论 0原文

我正在使用 Java 的 DecimalFormat类以科学记数法打印数字。 然而,我有一个问题。 我需要字符串的长度固定,无论其值如何,而十的幂的符号将其丢弃。 目前,我的格式如下:

DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");

这给出了以下组合:1.0E1、1.0E-1、-1.0E1 和 -1.0E-1。

我可以使用 setPositivePrefix 来获取:+1.0E1、+1.0E-1、-1.0E1 和 -1.0E-1 或我喜欢的任何内容,但它不会影响力量!

有什么方法可以做到这一点,以便我可以拥有固定长度的字符串吗? 谢谢!

编辑:啊,那么没有办法使用 Java 现有的 DecimalFormat API 来做到这一点吗? 感谢您的建议! 我想我可能必须子类化DecimalFormat,因为我受到已经存在的接口的限制。

I'm using Java's DecimalFormat class to print out numbers in Scientific Notation. However, there is one problem that I have. I need the strings to be of fixed length regardless of the value, and the sign on the power of ten is throwing it off. Currently, this is what my format looks like:

DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");

This gives me the following combinations: 1.0E1, 1.0E-1, -1.0E1, and -1.0E-1.

I can use setPositivePrefix to get: +1.0E1, +1.0E-1, -1.0E1, and -1.0E-1, or whatever I like, but it doesn't affect the sign of the power!

Is there any way to do this so that I can have fixed length strings? Thanks!

Edit: Ah, so there's no way to do it using Java's existing DecimalFormat API? Thanks for the suggestions! I think I may have to subclass DecimalFormat because I am limited by the interface that is already in place.

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评论(5

孤独岁月 2024-08-06 09:37:32

这是一种方法。 也许是做作,但它有效...

public class DecimalFormatTest extends TestCase {
    private static class MyFormat extends NumberFormat {
        private final DecimalFormat decimal;

        public MyFormat(String pattern) {
            decimal = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        }

        public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(Math.abs(number) > 1.0, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        private String modified(boolean large, String s) {
            return large ? s.replace("E", "E+") : s;
        }

        public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(true, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        public Number parse(String source, ParsePosition parsePosition) {
            return decimal.parse(source, parsePosition);
        }

        public void setPositivePrefix(String newValue) {
            decimal.setPositivePrefix(newValue);
        }
    }
    private MyFormat    format;

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        format = new MyFormat("0.0E0");
        format.setPositivePrefix("+");
    }

    public void testPositiveLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E+2", format.format(100.0));
    }

    public void testPositiveSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E-2", format.format(0.01));
    }

    public void testNegativeLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E+2", format.format(-100.0));
    }

    public void testNegativeSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E-2", format.format(-0.01));
    }
}

或者你可以子类 DecimalFormat,但我发现不从具体类子类化通常更干净。

Here's one way. Hokey, perhaps, but it works...

public class DecimalFormatTest extends TestCase {
    private static class MyFormat extends NumberFormat {
        private final DecimalFormat decimal;

        public MyFormat(String pattern) {
            decimal = new DecimalFormat(pattern);
        }

        public StringBuffer format(double number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(Math.abs(number) > 1.0, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        private String modified(boolean large, String s) {
            return large ? s.replace("E", "E+") : s;
        }

        public StringBuffer format(long number, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
            StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
            sb.append(modified(true, decimal.format(number, toAppendTo, pos).toString()));
            return sb;
        }

        public Number parse(String source, ParsePosition parsePosition) {
            return decimal.parse(source, parsePosition);
        }

        public void setPositivePrefix(String newValue) {
            decimal.setPositivePrefix(newValue);
        }
    }
    private MyFormat    format;

    protected void setUp() throws Exception {
        format = new MyFormat("0.0E0");
        format.setPositivePrefix("+");
    }

    public void testPositiveLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E+2", format.format(100.0));
    }

    public void testPositiveSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("+1.0E-2", format.format(0.01));
    }

    public void testNegativeLargeNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E+2", format.format(-100.0));
    }

    public void testNegativeSmallNumber() throws Exception {
        assertEquals("-1.0E-2", format.format(-0.01));
    }
}

Alternatively you could subclass DecimalFormat, but I find it generally cleaner not to subclass from concrete classes.

听风吹 2024-08-06 09:37:32

您可以使用 printf() 来代替:

Format format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");
Double d = new Double(.01);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);
d = new Double(100);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);

输出:

1.0E-2
1.0E-02
1.0E2
1.0E+02

如果您需要输出到 String 来代替,您可以使用 Java 格式化打印 (sprintf) 来执行此操作。

编辑:哇,那个 PrintfFormat() 东西很大而且似乎没有必要:

OutputStream b = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream p = new PrintStream(b);
p.printf("%1.1E", d);
System.out.println(b.toString());

我从 将 OutputStream 转换为字符串

Could you use printf() instead:

Format format = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0");
Double d = new Double(.01);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);
d = new Double(100);
System.out.println(format.format(d));
System.out.printf("%1.1E\n", d);

Output:

1.0E-2
1.0E-02
1.0E2
1.0E+02

If you need to output to a String instead, you can use the information provided at Formatted Printing for Java (sprintf) to do that.

EDIT: Wow, that PrintfFormat() thing is huge and seems to be unnecessary:

OutputStream b = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
PrintStream p = new PrintStream(b);
p.printf("%1.1E", d);
System.out.println(b.toString());

I got the idea for the above code from Get an OutputStream into a String.

爱她像谁 2024-08-06 09:37:32

如何使用?
请参阅 formatTest 方法。

if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1) 对于非常大的数字很有用

/**
 * inspired by:<br>
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/13065493/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/18027214/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/25794946/8356718
 */
public static String format(String number, int scale) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    DecimalFormatSymbols symbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);
    BigDecimal positive = new BigDecimal(1);// scale is zero
    positive.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    BigDecimal negative = new BigDecimal(-1);// scale is zero
    negative.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1) {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }
    DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0", symbols);
    formatter.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
    formatter.setMinimumFractionDigits(scale);
    return formatter.format(value);
}

/**
 * set the scale automatically
 */
public static String format(String number) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    return format(number, value.scale() > 0 ? value.precision() : value.scale());
}

/*
output:
----------
0e0
1.0e-2
-1.0e-2
1.234560e-5
-1.234560e-5
1e0
-1e0
3e+0
-3e+0
2e+2
-2e+2
----------
0.0000000000e0
1.0000000000e-2
-1.0000000000e-2
1.2345600000e-5
-1.2345600000e-5
1.0000000000e0
-1.0000000000e0
3.0000000000e+0
-3.0000000000e+0
2.0000000000e+2
-2.0000000000e+2
----------
*/
public static void formatTest() {
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0"));
    System.out.println(format("0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("1"));
    System.out.println(format("-1"));
    System.out.println(format("3"));
    System.out.println(format("-3"));
    System.out.println(format("200"));
    System.out.println(format("-200"));
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("200", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-200", 10));
    System.out.println("----------");
}

How to use?
See formatTest method.

if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1) is useful for very large numbers

/**
 * inspired by:<br>
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/13065493/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/18027214/8356718
 * https://stackoverflow.com/a/25794946/8356718
 */
public static String format(String number, int scale) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    DecimalFormatSymbols symbols = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);
    BigDecimal positive = new BigDecimal(1);// scale is zero
    positive.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    BigDecimal negative = new BigDecimal(-1);// scale is zero
    negative.setScale(0);// unnecessary
    if (value.compareTo(positive) == 1 || value.compareTo(negative) == -1) {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        symbols.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }
    DecimalFormat formatter = new DecimalFormat("0.0E0", symbols);
    formatter.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
    formatter.setMinimumFractionDigits(scale);
    return formatter.format(value);
}

/**
 * set the scale automatically
 */
public static String format(String number) {
    BigDecimal value = new BigDecimal(number);
    return format(number, value.scale() > 0 ? value.precision() : value.scale());
}

/*
output:
----------
0e0
1.0e-2
-1.0e-2
1.234560e-5
-1.234560e-5
1e0
-1e0
3e+0
-3e+0
2e+2
-2e+2
----------
0.0000000000e0
1.0000000000e-2
-1.0000000000e-2
1.2345600000e-5
-1.2345600000e-5
1.0000000000e0
-1.0000000000e0
3.0000000000e+0
-3.0000000000e+0
2.0000000000e+2
-2.0000000000e+2
----------
*/
public static void formatTest() {
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0"));
    System.out.println(format("0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01"));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456"));
    System.out.println(format("1"));
    System.out.println(format("-1"));
    System.out.println(format("3"));
    System.out.println(format("-3"));
    System.out.println(format("200"));
    System.out.println(format("-200"));
    System.out.println("----------");
    System.out.println(format("0", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.01", 10));
    System.out.println(format("0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-0.0000123456", 10));
    System.out.println(format("1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-1", 10));
    System.out.println(format("3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-3", 10));
    System.out.println(format("200", 10));
    System.out.println(format("-200", 10));
    System.out.println("----------");
}
淡写薰衣草的香 2024-08-06 09:37:32

为什么不使用“0.0E+0”模式来代替? 请注意最后一个零之前的加号。

Why not use "0.0E+0" pattern instead? Note the plus sign before last zero.

月棠 2024-08-06 09:37:31

这对我有用,

DecimalFormatSymbols SYMBOLS = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);

    if (value > 1 || value < -1) {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }

    DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat(sb.toString(), SYMBOLS);

This worked form me,

DecimalFormatSymbols SYMBOLS = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(Locale.US);

    if (value > 1 || value < -1) {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e+");
    } else {
        SYMBOLS.setExponentSeparator("e");
    }

    DecimalFormat format = new DecimalFormat(sb.toString(), SYMBOLS);
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