SQL Server 2005 如何建立一个审计表来记录更新的列名?

发布于 2024-07-28 23:57:56 字数 614 浏览 9 评论 0原文

鉴于此表定义,

create table herb.app (appId int identity primary key
 , application varchar(15) unique
 , customerName varchar(35),LoanProtectionInsurance bit 
 , State varchar(3),Address varchar(50),LoanAmt money
 ,addedBy varchar(7) not null,AddedDt smalldatetime default getdate())

我相信更改将是最小的,通常只有一个字段,并且非常稀疏。

所以我创建了这个表:

create table herb.appAudit(appAuditId int primary key
 , field varchar(20), oldValue varchar(50),ChangedBy varchar(7) not null,AddedDt smalldatetime default getdate())

如何在触发器中获取更改后的值的列名来存储它? 我知道如何通过连接已删除的表来获取值。

given this table definition

create table herb.app (appId int identity primary key
 , application varchar(15) unique
 , customerName varchar(35),LoanProtectionInsurance bit 
 , State varchar(3),Address varchar(50),LoanAmt money
 ,addedBy varchar(7) not null,AddedDt smalldatetime default getdate())

I believe changes will be minimal, usually only a single field, and very sparse.

So I created this table:

create table herb.appAudit(appAuditId int primary key
 , field varchar(20), oldValue varchar(50),ChangedBy varchar(7) not null,AddedDt smalldatetime default getdate())

How in a trigger can I get the column name of the value of what was changed to store it? I know how to get the value by joining the deleted table.

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评论(4

冷情 2024-08-04 23:57:56

使用插入和删除表。 Nigel Rivett 使用这些表编写了一个很棒的通用审计跟踪触发器。 这是相当复杂的 SQL 代码,但它强调了一些将信息组合在一起的非常酷的方法,一旦您理解了它们,您就可以使用他的想法作为灵感来创建自定义解决方案,或者您可以只使用他的脚本。

以下是关于表的重要思想:

  • 在插入时,inserted 保存插入的值,deleted 为空。
  • 更新时,inserted 保存新值,deleted 保存旧值。
  • 删除时,deleted 保存已删除的值,inserted 为空。
  • 插入和删除的表的结构(如果不为空)与目标表相同。
  • 您可以从系统表中确定列名称并对其进行迭代,如 Nigel 的代码所示。

<代码> <代码>

    if exists (select * from inserted)
        if exists (select * from deleted)
            -- this is an update
            ...
        else
            -- this is an insert
            ...
    else
        -- this is a delete
        ...

-- For updates to a specific field
SELECT d.[MyField] AS OldValue, i.[MyField] AS NewValue, system_user AS User
FROM inserted i
INNER JOIN deleted d ON i.[MyPrimaryKeyField] = d.[MyPrimaryKeyField]

-- For your table
SELECT d.CustomerName AS OldValue, i.CustomerName AS NewValue, system_user AS User
FROM inserted i
INNER JOIN deleted d ON i.appId = d.appId

>

Use the inserted and deleted tables. Nigel Rivett wrote a great generic audit trail trigger using these tables. It is fairly complex SQL code, but it highlights some pretty cool ways of pulling together the information and once you understand them you can create a custom solution using his ideas as inspiration, or you could just use his script.

Here are the important ideas about the tables:

  • On an insert, inserted holds the inserted values and deleted is empty.
  • On an update, inserted holds the new values and deleted holds the old values.
  • On a delete, deleted holds the deleted values and inserted is empty.
  • The structure of the inserted and deleted tables (if not empty) are identical to the target table.
  • You can determine the column names from system tables and iterate on them as illustrated in Nigel's code.

    if exists (select * from inserted)
        if exists (select * from deleted)
            -- this is an update
            ...
        else
            -- this is an insert
            ...
    else
        -- this is a delete
        ...

-- For updates to a specific field
SELECT d.[MyField] AS OldValue, i.[MyField] AS NewValue, system_user AS User
FROM inserted i
INNER JOIN deleted d ON i.[MyPrimaryKeyField] = d.[MyPrimaryKeyField]

-- For your table
SELECT d.CustomerName AS OldValue, i.CustomerName AS NewValue, system_user AS User
FROM inserted i
INNER JOIN deleted d ON i.appId = d.appId

寂寞清仓 2024-08-04 23:57:56

如果您确实需要以对您的业务至关重要的方式进行这种审核,请查看 SQL Server 2008 的更改数据捕获功能。 仅此功能就可以证明升级成本是合理的。

If you really need this kind of auditing in a way that's critical to your business look at SQL Server 2008's Change Data Capture feature. That feature alone could justify the cost of an upgrade.

执笏见 2024-08-04 23:57:56

对于您想要跟踪的每个字段,类似这样的内容

    if UPDATE(Track_ID)
begin

insert into [log].DataChanges
(
    dcColumnName,
    dcID,
    dcDataBefore,
    dcDataAfter,
    dcDateChanged,
    dcUser,
    dcTableName
)
select
'Track_ID',
d.Data_ID,
coalesce(d.Track_ID,-666),
coalesce(i.Track_ID,-666),
getdate(),
@user,
@table
from inserted i
    join deleted d on i.Data_ID=d.Data_ID
        and coalesce(d.Track_ID,-666)<>coalesce(i.Track_ID,-666)

end

“Track_ID”是字段的名称,d.Data_ID 是您跟踪的表的主键。 @user 是进行更改的用户,@table 是您跟踪更改的表,以防您在同一日志表中跟踪多个表

something like this for each field you want to track

    if UPDATE(Track_ID)
begin

insert into [log].DataChanges
(
    dcColumnName,
    dcID,
    dcDataBefore,
    dcDataAfter,
    dcDateChanged,
    dcUser,
    dcTableName
)
select
'Track_ID',
d.Data_ID,
coalesce(d.Track_ID,-666),
coalesce(i.Track_ID,-666),
getdate(),
@user,
@table
from inserted i
    join deleted d on i.Data_ID=d.Data_ID
        and coalesce(d.Track_ID,-666)<>coalesce(i.Track_ID,-666)

end

'Track_ID' is the name of the field, and d.Data_ID is the primary key of the table your tracking. @user is the user making the changes, and @table would be the table your keeping track of changes in case you're tracking more than one table in the same log table

梦晓ヶ微光ヅ倾城 2024-08-04 23:57:56

这是我的快速而肮脏的审计表解决方案。 (来自http://freachable.net/2010/09/29/QuickAndDirtySQLAuditTable.aspx)

CREATE TABLE audit(
  [on] datetime not null default getutcdate(),
  [by] varchar(255) not null default system_user+','+AppName(),
  was xml null,
  [is] xml null
)

CREATE TRIGGER mytable_audit ON mytable for insert, update, delete as
INSERT audit(was,[is]) values(
  (select * from deleted as [mytable] for xml auto,type),
  (select * from inserted as [mytable] for xml auto,type)
)

Here's my quick and dirty audit table solution. (from http://freachable.net/2010/09/29/QuickAndDirtySQLAuditTable.aspx)

CREATE TABLE audit(
  [on] datetime not null default getutcdate(),
  [by] varchar(255) not null default system_user+','+AppName(),
  was xml null,
  [is] xml null
)

CREATE TRIGGER mytable_audit ON mytable for insert, update, delete as
INSERT audit(was,[is]) values(
  (select * from deleted as [mytable] for xml auto,type),
  (select * from inserted as [mytable] for xml auto,type)
)
~没有更多了~
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