Scratch之后要教什么？
我儿子热衷于在 Scratch 中编写简单的游戏。 然而，Scratch 是一个非常简单的编程环境（甚至没有子例程），我可以看到他很快就需要转向其他东西。
有谁知道一种好的学习语言，它可以使图形变得简单，但提供“真正的”编程功能，如数据结构、函数、数组和列表？
如果它在 Linux (Ubuntu) 下运行，则有奖励积分。 “带有库 Bar 的语言 Foo”形式的答案也是一种选择。
My son is enthusiastically programming simple games in Scratch. However Scratch is a very simple programming environment (no subroutines even), and I can see that soon he is going to need to move on to something else.
Does anyone know of a good learning language that makes graphics easy but provides "real" programming features like data structures, functions, arrays and lists?
Bonus points if it runs under Linux (Ubuntu). An answer of the form "language Foo with library Bar" is also an option.
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卢阿怎么样？
有一个名为 LOVE 的漂亮图形“引擎”，它可以在 lua 中完全编程。 它有很好的文档，而且不是很难。
还有其他几个使用 lua 的类似引擎：
还有另一个2d引擎，但我暂时找不到它，它与LOVE类似，但带有处理事情的方法有点不同。我会向初学者推荐 LOVE，因为它非常简单，有很好的教程，最重要的是你可以立即做一些好的事情。
lua 也常用作游戏脚本语言。 例如魔兽世界的所有插件都是用lua编写的，实际上所有的界面都是用lua编写的。 这意味着在lua中很容易找到游戏相关问题的答案。 另外，如果您碰巧拥有一款使用 lua 作为脚本语言的游戏，您可以轻松地向其中添加自己的东西。
我是从游戏角度写这篇文章的，但是有很多项目使用 lua 作为脚本语言。
您也可以尝试 python，但它没有那么好的开箱即用、易于学习/理解的工具。
这里还有一个 lua 手册 的链接。
How about lua?
There is nice graphic "engine" called LOVE which is fully programmable in lua. It has nice documentation and it's not very hard.
There are also several other similar engines using lua:
There was another 2d engine, but I can't find it at the moment, it was similar to LOVE, but with a little different approach to things.I would recommend LOVE for starters as it's very easy, has nice tutorials and most importantly you can do nice stuff right away.
Also lua is commonly used as game scripting language. For example all addons for World of Warcraft are written in lua, in fact all of the interface is written in lua. It means that it's very easy to find answers to game related questions in lua. Also if you happen to own a game which uses lua as scripting language, you could easily add your own stuff to it.
I wrote this from game perspective, but there are quite a lot projects which use lua as scripting language.
You could also try python, but it doesn't have so good out of the box, ready to use and easy to learn/understand tools.
Also here's a link to lua manual.
如果 Scratch 开始受到一些限制，但他们还没有准备好应对文本编辑器编码的困难，请查看 Scratch-derivative “BYOB”（构建您自己的块）。 说真的，它将 Scratch 变成了一个成熟的编程环境，具有函数（以及递归）、数据-结构、多线程等等！
还有 Panther 但我对它印象不太深刻（在 Panther 中创建新块似乎需要直接编码其功能在 Squeak 中，而在 BYOB 中，您可以以通常的拖放 Scratch 风格构建它们）。
If Scratch is starting to get a bit limiting, but they're not ready for the hardships of text-editor coding, take a look at Scratch-derivative "BYOB" (Build Your Own Blocks). Seriously, it turns Scratch into a grown-up programming environment with functions (and hence recursion), data-structures, multithreading and everything!
There's also Panther but I was less impressed by it (creating new blocks in Panther seems to require coding their function up directly in Squeak, while in BYOB you can just build them in the usual drag-n-drop Scratch style).
查看处理。
它的杰作是图形、动画和视觉操作。 它也可以在 Linux 下运行。
Take a look at Processing.
It's tour de force is graphics, animation, and visual manipulation. It runs under Linux, too.
一篇不错的评论这里建议《Alice and Shoes after Scratch》——我在这方面没有个人经验，但从评论来看，他们似乎值得一试。
A nice review here suggests Alice and Shoes after Scratch -- I have no personal experience in the matter, but from the review they seem worth checking out.
跳跃可能有点大，但使用 PyGame 的 Python 将允许您的学生制作许多与他或她已经习惯使用 Scratch 相同类型的程序，但对整个事情的工作方式有非常严格的控制。
It might be just a little bit larger of a jump, but Python with PyGame will allow your pupil to make many of the same sorts of programs as he or she is already used to with Scratch, but with very tight control over how the whole thing works.
Scratch 是用 Squeak 编写的（可以在 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 上运行），所以我会说逐步升级短暂聊天！ 唯一的问题是缺乏一本关于该语言的非常好的初学者书籍，当你考虑到它的起源时，这很奇怪。 然而，基本概念很容易学习（几乎没有语法），并且环境鼓励实验。
Scratch is written in Squeak (which runs on Linux, Windows and Mac) so I'll say step up to Smalltalk! The only problem is the lack of a very good beginners book on the language, which is strange when you consider its origins. However, the basic concepts are easy to learn (almost no syntax) and the environment encourages experimentation.
这是一个有趣的微软项目，名为 Small Basic，这是一个很好的项目，简单、免费的学习编程环境，基于 BASIC。
由于缺少ubuntu，没有加分，但是一个很酷的学习工具。
Here is an interesting microsoft project called Small Basic that is a good, simple, free programming environment for learning, based on BASIC.
No bonus points because of the lack of ubuntu, but a cool learning tool.
QuickBasic 还在吗？ 这就是我从 7-8 岁时开始的，我能够制作成熟的游戏等，而无需任何外部库。
编辑：查看有关 FreeBasic 的链接：
http://linux.about.com/b/2006/11/10/freebasic-open-source-alternative-to-quickbasic.htm
is QuickBasic still around? That's what I started with when I was like 7-8, and I was able to make full fledged games, etc. without any external libraries.
EDIT: check out this link about FreeBasic:
http://linux.about.com/b/2006/11/10/freebasic-open-source-alternative-to-quickbasic.htm
好吧，有一个令人尊敬的旧徽标——不确定结构，但你确实可以得到列表、带参数的函数和图形，这些都非常简单。 还有很多好的实现。 Logo 甚至被比作“没有括号的口齿不清”。
Well, there is venerable old Logo -- not sure about structures but you do get lists, functions with parameters, and graphics are very straightforward. There are plenty of good implementations, too. Logo has even been likened to 'lisp without all the parentheses'.
我建议使用 CodingBat。 虽然CodingBat不提供图形，但它确实提供了“编程功能”以及涉及字符串、数组和逻辑的简单练习。
我认为这个网站有助于奠定编程背后的基础。
链接：http://codingbat.com/
I would suggest using CodingBat. Although CodingBat doesn't provide graphics, it does provide the "programming features" and straightforward practice involving strings, array, and logic.
I think this website helps with developing the basic foundation behind programming.
Link: http://codingbat.com/