如何调试 py2exe“应用程序未能正确初始化” 错误？

发布于 2024-07-27 00:22:14 字数 2318 浏览 3 评论 0原文

一般来说，我对 Python 很陌生，但我用 Python 2.6 / wxPython 2.8 制作了一个应用程序，当我通过 Python 运行它时，它可以完美运行。但我想更进一步，能够将其部署为 Windows 可执行文件，因此我一直在尝试 py2exe。但我还没能让它发挥作用。它总是会编译一个 exe，但是当我实际尝试运行它时，它会发出一些神秘的错误消息。起初它们是简单的消息，说它找不到某些 DLL，但即使在给了它想要的所有 DLL 之后，它现在还是返回这样的消息：

The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000142).
Click OK to terminate the application.

所以我把事情分解了，只是利用 wxPython 制作了一个非常非常简单的应用程序，只是为了看看如果这可行，或者我原来的应用程序的一些更复杂的功能是否妨碍了。但即使我的简单测试也返回了相同的错误。这是简单测试脚本的代码：

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, wx.ID_ANY, title, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX)
        panel = wx.Panel(self, -1, style = wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL | wx.CLIP_CHILDREN | wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
        main_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)

        testtxt = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, label='This is a test!')
        main_sizer.Add(testtxt, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER)

        panel.SetSizerAndFit(main_sizer)
        self.Show(1)
        return

app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = MainWindow(None, -1, 'Test App')
app.MainLoop()

这是我使用的 py2exe 安装脚本：）

#!/usr/bin/python

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

manifest = """
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity
    version="0.64.1.0"
    processorArchitecture="x86"
    name="Controls"
    type="win32"
/>
<description>Test Program</description>
<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity
            type="win32"
            name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
            version="6.0.0.0"
            processorArchitecture="X86"
            publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
            language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
</assembly>
"""

setup(
    windows = [
        {
            "script": "testme.py",
            "icon_resources": [(1, "testme.ico")],
            "other_resources": [(24,1, manifest)]
        }
    ],
  data_files=["testme.ico"]

然后

我运行 python setup.py py2exe，它生成 EXE 文件，警告一些 DLL 文件（我随后复制到 dist 目录中），但是当我尝试运行 EXE 时，我立即收到上面引用的错误。

原文

I'm very new to Python in general, but I made an app in Python 2.6 / wxPython 2.8 that works perfectly when I run it through Python. But I wanted to go a step further and be able to deploy it as a Windows executable, so I've been trying out py2exe. But I haven't been able to get it to work. It would always compile an exe, but when I actually try to run that it barks some cryptic error message. At first they were simple messages saying it couldn't find certain DLLs, but even after giving it all the DLLs it wanted, it now returns this:

The application failed to initialize properly (0xc0000142).
Click OK to terminate the application.

So I broke things down and just made a very, very simple application utilizing wxPython just to see if that would work, or if some of the more complicated features of my original app were getting in the way. But even my simple test returned the same error. Here's the code for the simple test script:

import wx

class MainWindow(wx.Frame):

    def __init__(self, parent, id, title):
        wx.Frame.__init__(self, parent, wx.ID_ANY, title, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE ^ wx.MAXIMIZE_BOX)
        panel = wx.Panel(self, -1, style = wx.TAB_TRAVERSAL | wx.CLIP_CHILDREN | wx.FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE)
        main_sizer = wx.BoxSizer(wx.VERTICAL)

        testtxt = wx.StaticText(panel, -1, label='This is a test!')
        main_sizer.Add(testtxt, 0, wx.ALIGN_CENTER)

        panel.SetSizerAndFit(main_sizer)
        self.Show(1)
        return

app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = MainWindow(None, -1, 'Test App')
app.MainLoop()

And here's the py2exe setup script I used:

#!/usr/bin/python

from distutils.core import setup
import py2exe

manifest = """
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1"
manifestVersion="1.0">
<assemblyIdentity
    version="0.64.1.0"
    processorArchitecture="x86"
    name="Controls"
    type="win32"
/>
<description>Test Program</description>
<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity
            type="win32"
            name="Microsoft.Windows.Common-Controls"
            version="6.0.0.0"
            processorArchitecture="X86"
            publicKeyToken="6595b64144ccf1df"
            language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>
</assembly>
"""

setup(
    windows = [
        {
            "script": "testme.py",
            "icon_resources": [(1, "testme.ico")],
            "other_resources": [(24,1, manifest)]
        }
    ],
  data_files=["testme.ico"]

)

Then I run python setup.py py2exe, it generates the EXE file, warns about some DLL files (which I subsequently copy into the dist directory), but then when I try to run the EXE, I get the error I quoted above immediately.

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不如归去 2024-08-03 00:22:14

请注意，有更高版本的 Visual C++ 2008 可再发行组件包：

此软件包安装运行时
C 运行时 (CRT) 的组件，
标准 C++、ATL、MFC、OpenMP 和
MSDIA 库。对于图书馆来说
支持并行部署模型
（CRT、SCL、ATL、MFC、OpenMP）它们是
安装到本机程序集中
缓存，也称为 WinSxS 文件夹，位于
Windows 操作系统的版本
支持并排装配。

您可能会在 %WINDIR%\WinSxS 文件夹中找到这些文件，而不是在路径中。我认为您需要做的是合并相关 DLL 的清单信息（在 % WINDIR%\WinSxS\Manifests) 到您的 setup.py 中。我
添加以下部分：

<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity
            type="win32"
            name="Microsoft.VC90.CRT"
            version="9.0.30729.4918"
            processorArchitecture="X86"
            publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"
            language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>

紧接在现有部分之后，并重建 exe：它运行没有问题。 注意：根据您安装的 Visual C++ 文件的具体版本，上述信息可能不完全正确。查看系统上的清单并使用正确的版本、publicKeyToken等。

或者，查看此答案了解如何使用应用程序部署 DLL（而不是假设它们已存在于目标系统上）。哦...我看到你问了原来的问题;-)

Note that there is a later version of the Visual C++ 2008 Redistributable package: SP1. However, both the SP1 and the earlier release don't install the DLLs into the path. As the download page says (my emphasis):

This package installs runtime
components of C Runtime (CRT),
Standard C++, ATL, MFC, OpenMP and
MSDIA libraries. For libraries that
support side-by-side deployment model
(CRT, SCL, ATL, MFC, OpenMP) they are
installed into the native assembly
cache, also called WinSxS folder, on
versions of Windows operating system
that support side-by-side assemblies.

You will probably find these files in the %WINDIR%\WinSxS folder and not in the path.What I think you need to do is incorporate the manifest information for the relevant DLLs (found in %WINDIR%\WinSxS\Manifests) into your setup.py. I
added the following section:

<dependency>
    <dependentAssembly>
        <assemblyIdentity
            type="win32"
            name="Microsoft.VC90.CRT"
            version="9.0.30729.4918"
            processorArchitecture="X86"
            publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b"
            language="*"
        />
    </dependentAssembly>
</dependency>

immediately after the existing <dependency> section, and rebuilt the exe: it ran without problems. Note: depending on exactly what version of the Visual C++ files you installed, the above info may not be exactly correct. Look at the manifests on your system and use the correct version, publicKeyToken etc.

Alternatively, look at this answer for how to deploy the DLLs with your application (as opposed to assuming they already exist on the target system). Oh ... I see you asked that original question ;-)

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