在C中获取终端宽度?
我一直在寻找一种从 C 程序中获取终端宽度的方法。 我不断想出的是这样的东西:
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
struct ttysize ts;
ioctl(0, TIOCGSIZE, &ts);
printf ("lines %d\n", ts.ts_lines);
printf ("columns %d\n", ts.ts_cols);
}
但每次我尝试时,我都会得到
austin@:~$ gcc test.c -o test
test.c: In function ‘main’:
test.c:6: error: storage size of ‘ts’ isn’t known
test.c:7: error: ‘TIOCGSIZE’ undeclared (first use in this function)
test.c:7: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once
test.c:7: error: for each function it appears in.)
这是最好的方法还是有更好的方法? 如果不是,我怎样才能让它发挥作用?
编辑:固定代码是
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
int main (void)
{
struct winsize w;
ioctl(0, TIOCGWINSZ, &w);
printf ("lines %d\n", w.ws_row);
printf ("columns %d\n", w.ws_col);
return 0;
}
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评论(8)
您是否考虑过使用 getenv() ? 它允许您获取包含终端列和行的系统环境变量。
或者使用您的方法,如果您想查看内核所看到的终端大小(如果调整终端大小则更好),您需要使用 TIOCGWINSZ,而不是您的 TIOCGSIZE,如下所示:
以及完整代码:
Have you considered using getenv() ? It allows you to get the system's environment variables which contain the terminals columns and lines.
Alternatively using your method, if you want to see what the kernel sees as the terminal size (better in case terminal is resized), you would need to use TIOCGWINSZ, as opposed to your TIOCGSIZE, like so:
and the full code:
这个例子有点长,但我相信这是检测终端尺寸的最便携的方法。 这也处理调整大小事件。
正如 tim 和 rlbond 所建议的,我正在使用 ncurses。 与直接读取环境变量相比,保证了终端兼容性的极大提升。
This example is a bit on the lengthy side, but I believe it's the most portable way of detecting the terminal dimensions. This also handles resize events.
As tim and rlbond suggests, I'm using ncurses. It guarantees a great improvement in terminal compatability as compared to reading environment variables directly.
需要使用
-ltermcap
进行编译。 使用 termcap 可以获得许多其他有用的信息。 使用info termcap
查看 termcap 手册以获取更多详细信息。Needs to be compiled with
-ltermcap
. There is a lot of other useful information you can get using termcap. Check the termcap manual usinginfo termcap
for more details.为了添加更完整的答案,我发现对我有用的是使用 @John_T 的解决方案,并从 Rosetta 代码,以及一些找出依赖关系的故障排除。 这可能有点低效,但通过智能编程,您可以使其工作,而不是一直打开终端文件。
如果您确保不要全部调用它,但也许每隔一段时间就应该没问题,它甚至应该在用户调整终端窗口大小时更新(因为您正在打开文件并读取它每个 时间)。
如果您没有使用
TIOCGWINSZ
,请参阅此表单上的第一个答案 https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/get-width-height-of-a-terminal-window- in-c-810739/。哦,别忘了
free()
结果
。To add a more complete answer, what I've found to work for me is to use @John_T's solution with some bits added in from Rosetta Code, along with some troubleshooting figuring out dependencies. It might be a bit inefficient, but with smart programming you can make it work and not be opening your terminal file all the time.
If you make sure not to call it all but maybe every once in a while you should be fine, it should even update when the user resizes the terminal window (because you're opening the file and reading it every time).
If you aren't using
TIOCGWINSZ
see the first answer on this form https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/programming-9/get-width-height-of-a-terminal-window-in-c-810739/.Oh, and don't forget to
free()
theresult
.如果您已安装并正在使用 ncurses,则可以使用 getmaxyx() 来查找终端的尺寸。
If you have ncurses installed and are using it, you can use
getmaxyx()
to find the dimensions of the terminal.我的版本是 ioctl 方法的消灭我没有分配内存并按值传递结构我相信所以这里没有内存泄漏
头文件
实现,我还添加了一个测试函数,该函数用填充的框填充终端周围一个字符
My Version Is An extermination of the ioctl approach I am not allocating memory and passing the struct back by value I believe so no memory leaks here
header file
The implementation, I have also added a test function that fills in the terminal with a box padded by one char all the way around
假设您使用的是 Linux,我认为您想要使用 ncurses 库
反而。 我很确定你拥有的 ttysize 东西不在 stdlib 中。
Assuming you are on Linux, I think you want to use the ncurses library
instead. I am pretty sure the ttysize stuff you have is not in stdlib.
以下是已建议的环境变量的函数调用:
Here are the function calls for the already suggested environmental variable thing: