SQL Server - 使用 UNPIVOT 包含 NULL

发布于 2024-07-23 19:27:03 字数 444 浏览 14 评论 0原文

UNPIVOT 不会返回 NULL,但我在比较查询中需要它们。 我试图避免在下面的示例中使用 ISNULL (因为在真实的 sql 中有超过 100 个字段):

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID,
  ISNULL(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

有其他选择吗?

UNPIVOT will not return NULLs, but I need them in a comparison query. I am trying to avoid using ISNULL the following example (Because in the real sql there are over 100 fields):

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID,
  ISNULL(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

Any alternatives?

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评论(9

迷乱花海 2024-07-30 19:27:03

要保留 NULL,请使用 CROSS JOIN ... CASE:

select a.ID, b.column_name
, column_value = 
    case b.column_name
      when 'col1' then a.col1
      when 'col2' then a.col2
      when 'col3' then a.col3
      when 'col4' then a.col4
    end
from (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4 
  from table1
  ) a
cross join (
  select 'col1' union all
  select 'col2' union all
  select 'col3' union all
  select 'col4'
  ) b (column_name)

而不是:

select ID, column_name, column_value
From (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4
  from table1
  ) a
unpivot (
  column_value FOR column_name IN (
    col1, col2, col3, col4)
  ) b

具有列模式的文本编辑器使此类查询更易于编写。 UltraEdit 有,Emacs 也有。 在 Emacs 中,这称为矩形编辑。

您可能需要为 100 列编写脚本。

To preserve NULLs, use CROSS JOIN ... CASE:

select a.ID, b.column_name
, column_value = 
    case b.column_name
      when 'col1' then a.col1
      when 'col2' then a.col2
      when 'col3' then a.col3
      when 'col4' then a.col4
    end
from (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4 
  from table1
  ) a
cross join (
  select 'col1' union all
  select 'col2' union all
  select 'col3' union all
  select 'col4'
  ) b (column_name)

Instead of:

select ID, column_name, column_value
From (
  select ID, col1, col2, col3, col4
  from table1
  ) a
unpivot (
  column_value FOR column_name IN (
    col1, col2, col3, col4)
  ) b

A text editor with column mode makes such queries easier to write. UltraEdit has it, so does Emacs. In Emacs it's called rectangular edit.

You might need to script it for 100 columns.

凡间太子 2024-07-30 19:27:03

这真的很痛苦。 您必须在 UNPIVOT 之前将它们切换出来,因为没有生成供 ISNULL() 操作的行 - 代码生成在这里是您的朋友。

我在 PIVOT 上也遇到问题。 缺失的行会变成 NULL,如果缺失值与 0.0 相同,则必须将其整个包裹在 ISNULL() 中例如。

It's a real pain. You have to switch them out before the UNPIVOT, because there is no row produced for ISNULL() to operate on - code generation is your friend here.

I have the problem on PIVOT as well. Missing rows turn into NULL, which you have to wrap in ISNULL() all the way across the row if missing values are the same as 0.0 for example.

北方的韩爷 2024-07-30 19:27:03

我遇到了同样的问题。 使用CROSS APPLY(SQL Server 2005 及更高版本)而不是Unpivot 解决了该问题。 我根据这篇文章找到了解决方案 另一种(更好?)方法取消透视
我制作了以下示例来演示 CROSS APPLY 不会忽略像 Unpivot 这样的 NULL。

create table #Orders (OrderDate datetime, product nvarchar(100), ItemsCount float, GrossAmount float, employee nvarchar(100))

 insert into #Orders
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,10.32,'Me'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,21.23,'you'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,55.45,'me'
 union  
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,null,'You'

SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
 from #Orders orders
 CROSS APPLY (
    VALUES ('ItemsCount',ItemsCount),('GrossAmount',GrossAmount)
    ) 
    x(MeasureType, Measure) 


SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
from #Orders orders
UNPIVOT
   (Measure FOR MeasureType IN 
      (ItemsCount,GrossAmount)
)AS unpvt;


 drop table #Orders

I ran into the same problem. Using CROSS APPLY (SQL Server 2005 and later) instead of Unpivot solved the problem. I found the solution based on this article An Alternative (Better?) Method to UNPIVOT
and I made the following example to demonstrate that CROSS APPLY will NOT Ignore NULLs like Unpivot.

create table #Orders (OrderDate datetime, product nvarchar(100), ItemsCount float, GrossAmount float, employee nvarchar(100))

 insert into #Orders
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,10.32,'Me'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,21.23,'you'
 union 
 select getutcdate(),'Office',31,55.45,'me'
 union  
 select getutcdate(),'Windows',10,null,'You'

SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
 from #Orders orders
 CROSS APPLY (
    VALUES ('ItemsCount',ItemsCount),('GrossAmount',GrossAmount)
    ) 
    x(MeasureType, Measure) 


SELECT OrderDate, product,employee,Measure,MeasureType
from #Orders orders
UNPIVOT
   (Measure FOR MeasureType IN 
      (ItemsCount,GrossAmount)
)AS unpvt;


 drop table #Orders
々眼睛长脚气 2024-07-30 19:27:03

或者,在 SQLServer 2008 中以更短的方式:

...
cross join 
(values('col1'), ('col2'), ('col3'), ('col4')) column_names(column_name)

or, in SQLServer 2008 in shorter way:

...
cross join 
(values('col1'), ('col2'), ('col3'), ('col4')) column_names(column_name)
梦情居士 2024-07-30 19:27:03

使用动态 SQL 和 COALESCE,我解决了这样的问题:

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @dataCols NVARCHAR(MAX)

SELECT 
    @dataCols = COALESCE(@dataCols + ', ' + 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name , 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SELECT 
    @cols = COALESCE(@cols + ', ' + Name , Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SET @SQL = 'SELECT ArchiveID, MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID, ID MetricID, MetricName, Value
            FROM 
               (SELECT ArchiveID, [Date] MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID,  ' + @dataCols + '
                FROM MetricData WITH (NOLOCK)
                INNER JOIN Archive WITH (NOLOCK)
                    ON ArchiveID = ID
                WHERE BoxID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @BoxID) + '
                AND GroupID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @GroupID) + ') p
            UNPIVOT
               (Value FOR MetricName IN 
                  (' + @cols + ')
            )AS unpvt
            INNER JOIN Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
                ON MetricName  = Name
            ORDER BY MetricID, MetricDate'

EXECUTE( @SQL )

Using dynamic SQL and COALESCE, I solved the problem like this:

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR(MAX)
DECLARE @dataCols NVARCHAR(MAX)

SELECT 
    @dataCols = COALESCE(@dataCols + ', ' + 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name , 'ISNULL(' + Name + ',0) ' + Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SELECT 
    @cols = COALESCE(@cols + ', ' + Name , Name )
FROM Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
ORDER BY ID

SET @SQL = 'SELECT ArchiveID, MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID, ID MetricID, MetricName, Value
            FROM 
               (SELECT ArchiveID, [Date] MetricDate, BoxID, GroupID,  ' + @dataCols + '
                FROM MetricData WITH (NOLOCK)
                INNER JOIN Archive WITH (NOLOCK)
                    ON ArchiveID = ID
                WHERE BoxID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @BoxID) + '
                AND GroupID = ' + CONVERT(VARCHAR(40), @GroupID) + ') p
            UNPIVOT
               (Value FOR MetricName IN 
                  (' + @cols + ')
            )AS unpvt
            INNER JOIN Metric WITH (NOLOCK)
                ON MetricName  = Name
            ORDER BY MetricID, MetricDate'

EXECUTE( @SQL )
一张白纸 2024-07-30 19:27:03

我发现将 UNPIVOT 结果左外连接到完整的字段列表(可以方便地从 INFORMATION_SCHEMA 中提取)在某些情况下是此问题的实际答案。

-- test data
CREATE TABLE _t1(name varchar(20),object_id varchar(20),principal_id varchar(20),schema_id varchar(20),parent_object_id varchar(20),type varchar(20),type_desc varchar(20),create_date varchar(20),modify_date varchar(20),is_ms_shipped varchar(20),is_published varchar(20),is_schema_published varchar(20))
INSERT INTO _t1 SELECT 'blah1', 3, NULL, 4, 0, 'blah2', 'blah3', '20100402 16:59:23.267', NULL, 1, 0, 0 

-- example
select c.COLUMN_NAME, Value
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
left join (
  select * from _t1
) q1
unpivot (Value for COLUMN_NAME in (name,object_id,principal_id,schema_id,parent_object_id,type,type_desc,create_date,modify_date,is_ms_shipped,is_published,is_schema_published)
) t on t.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME
where c.TABLE_NAME = '_t1'
</pre>

输出看起来像:

+----------------------+-----------------------+
|    COLUMN_NAME       |        Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
| name                 | blah1                 |
| object_id            | 3                     |
| principal_id         | NULL                  | <======
| schema_id            | 4                     |
| parent_object_id     | 0                     |
| type                 | blah2                 |
| type_desc            | blah3                 |
| create_date          | 20100402 16:59:23.26  |
| modify_date          | NULL                  | <======
| is_ms_shipped        | 1                     |
| is_published         | 0                     |
| is_schema_published  | 0                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
    

I've found left outer joining the UNPIVOT result to the full list of fields, conveniently pulled from INFORMATION_SCHEMA, to be a practical answer to this problem in some contexts.

-- test data
CREATE TABLE _t1(name varchar(20),object_id varchar(20),principal_id varchar(20),schema_id varchar(20),parent_object_id varchar(20),type varchar(20),type_desc varchar(20),create_date varchar(20),modify_date varchar(20),is_ms_shipped varchar(20),is_published varchar(20),is_schema_published varchar(20))
INSERT INTO _t1 SELECT 'blah1', 3, NULL, 4, 0, 'blah2', 'blah3', '20100402 16:59:23.267', NULL, 1, 0, 0 

-- example
select c.COLUMN_NAME, Value
from INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS c
left join (
  select * from _t1
) q1
unpivot (Value for COLUMN_NAME in (name,object_id,principal_id,schema_id,parent_object_id,type,type_desc,create_date,modify_date,is_ms_shipped,is_published,is_schema_published)
) t on t.COLUMN_NAME = c.COLUMN_NAME
where c.TABLE_NAME = '_t1'
</pre>

output looks like:

+----------------------+-----------------------+
|    COLUMN_NAME       |        Value          |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
| name                 | blah1                 |
| object_id            | 3                     |
| principal_id         | NULL                  | <======
| schema_id            | 4                     |
| parent_object_id     | 0                     |
| type                 | blah2                 |
| type_desc            | blah3                 |
| create_date          | 20100402 16:59:23.26  |
| modify_date          | NULL                  | <======
| is_ms_shipped        | 1                     |
| is_published         | 0                     |
| is_schema_published  | 0                     |
+----------------------+-----------------------+
    

骷髅 2024-07-30 19:27:03

我遇到了你同样的问题,这是
我的快速而肮脏的解决方案:

您的查询:

 select 
     Month,Name,value 
     from TableName 
 unpivot     
  (        
   Value  for Name in (Col_1,Col_2,Col_3,Col_4,Col_5
  )
) u  
    

替换为:

select Month,Name,value from 
    ( select 
          isnull(Month,'no-data') as Month,
          isnull(Name,'no-data') as Name,
          isnull(value,'no-data') as value from TableName
    ) as T1
unpivot
(
    Value 
    for Name in (Col_1,Col_2,Col_3,Col_4,Col_5)  
) u 

好的,空值将替换为字符串,但将返回所有行!

I had your same problem and this is
my quick and dirty solution :

your query :

 select 
     Month,Name,value 
     from TableName 
 unpivot     
  (        
   Value  for Name in (Col_1,Col_2,Col_3,Col_4,Col_5
  )
) u  
    

replace with :

select Month,Name,value from 
    ( select 
          isnull(Month,'no-data') as Month,
          isnull(Name,'no-data') as Name,
          isnull(value,'no-data') as value from TableName
    ) as T1
unpivot
(
    Value 
    for Name in (Col_1,Col_2,Col_3,Col_4,Col_5)  
) u 

ok the null value is replaced with a string, but all rows will be returned !!

一刻暧昧 2024-07-30 19:27:03

于 22 年 5 月撰写并在 AWS Redshift 上进行测试。
您可以使用 with 子句来合并需要空值的列。 或者,您可以在 UNPIVOT 块之前的 select 语句中使用合并。

并且不要忘记使用原始列名称别名(不遵循不会破坏或违反规则,但会节省一些喝咖啡的时间)。

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID,
  coalesce(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

或者

WITH TEMP1 as (
select ID,
  coalesce(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
)

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID, TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

Writing in May'22 with testing it on AWS Redshift.
You can use a with clause where you can coalesce the columns where nulls are expected. Alternatively, you can use coalesce in the select statement prior to the UNPIVOT block.

And don't forget to alias with the original column name (Not following won't break or violate the rule but would save some time for coffee).

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID,
  coalesce(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt

OR

WITH TEMP1 as (
select ID,
  coalesce(CAST([TheColumnToCompare]  AS VarChar(1000)), '') as TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
)

Select ID, theValue, column_name
From 
(select ID, TheColumnToCompare
  from MyView
  where The_Date = '04/30/2009'
) MA
UNPIVOT
   (theValue FOR column_name IN 
   ([TheColumnToCompare])
) AS unpvt
说好的呢 2024-07-30 19:27:03

ISNULL 是答案的一半。 使用 NULLIF 转换回 NULL。 例如,

DECLARE @temp TABLE(
    Foo varchar(50),
    Bar varchar(50) NULL
    );

INSERT INTO @temp( Foo,Bar )VALUES( 'licious',NULL );

SELECT * FROM @temp;

SELECT 
    Col,
    NULLIF( Val,'0Null' ) AS Val 
FROM(
    SELECT
        Foo,
        ISNULL( Bar,'0Null' ) AS Bar
    FROM
        @temp
    ) AS t
UNPIVOT(
    Val FOR Col IN(
        Foo,
        Bar 
        )
    ) up;

这里我使用“0Null”作为我的中间值。 你可以使用任何你喜欢的东西。 但是,如果您选择“Null”等现实世界的内容,则可能会遇到与用户输入发生冲突的风险。 垃圾工作正常“!@#34())0”,但可能会让未来的编码人员更加困惑。 我相信你明白了。

ISNULL is half the answer. Use NULLIF to translate back to NULL. E.g.

DECLARE @temp TABLE(
    Foo varchar(50),
    Bar varchar(50) NULL
    );

INSERT INTO @temp( Foo,Bar )VALUES( 'licious',NULL );

SELECT * FROM @temp;

SELECT 
    Col,
    NULLIF( Val,'0Null' ) AS Val 
FROM(
    SELECT
        Foo,
        ISNULL( Bar,'0Null' ) AS Bar
    FROM
        @temp
    ) AS t
UNPIVOT(
    Val FOR Col IN(
        Foo,
        Bar 
        )
    ) up;

Here I use "0Null" as my intermediate value. You can use anything you like. However, you risk collision with user input if you choose something real-world like "Null". Garbage works fine "!@#34())0" but may be more confusing to future coders. I am sure you get the picture.

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