如何在 Windows 批处理编程中获取管道中命令的错误级别？

发布于 2024-07-21 08:43:47 字数 272 浏览 13 评论 0原文

批处理文件默认返回最后一个命令的错误代码。

是否可以以某种方式返回前一个命令的错误代码。最值得注意的是，是否可以返回管道中命令的错误代码？

例如，这一行批处理脚本

foo.exe

返回错误代码 foo。但这一个：

foo.exe | tee output.txt

总是返回 tee 的退出代码，该代码为零。

原文

Batch files return the error code of the last command by default.

Is it somehow possible to return the error code of a former command. Most notably, is it possible to return the error code of a command in a pipe?

For example, this one-line batch script

foo.exe

returns the error code of foo. But this one:

foo.exe | tee output.txt

always returns the exit code of tee, which is zero.

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清风不识月 2024-07-28 08:43:47

我遇到了类似的问题，并选择了以下解决方案，因为我不需要检测确切的错误代码，只需检测成功或失败。

echo > .failed.tmp    

( foo.exe && del .failed.tmp ) | tee foo.log

if exist .failed.tmp (
    del .failed.tmp
    exit /b 1
) else (
    exit /b 0
)

I had a similar problem and settled on the following solution as I did not need to detect the exact error code just success or failure.

echo > .failed.tmp    

( foo.exe && del .failed.tmp ) | tee foo.log

if exist .failed.tmp (
    del .failed.tmp
    exit /b 1
) else (
    exit /b 0
)

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不喜欢何必死缠烂打 2024-07-28 08:43:47

一种解决方法是通过文件进行间接寻址。

像这样

foo.exe > tmp.txt
set FOOERR=%ERRORLEVEL%
cat tmp.txt
exit %FOOERR%

One workaround is to make an indirection through a file.

Like this

foo.exe > tmp.txt
set FOOERR=%ERRORLEVEL%
cat tmp.txt
exit %FOOERR%

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私藏温柔 2024-07-28 08:43:47

在运行管道命令之前，%ERRORLEVEL% 变量不会更新；您必须按照其他答案中的建议使用包装器。

但是，您可以使用“IF ERRORLEVEL #”。例如：

(
type filename
@REM Use an existing (or not) filename to test each branch
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (echo ERROR) ELSE (echo OKAY)
) > logfile.txt

只有返回错误时，ECHO才会运行；然而 %ERRORLEVEL% 似乎不一致。

编辑：将示例更改为可按原样运行。

The %ERRORLEVEL% variable doesn't get updated before the piped command is run; you have to use a wrapper as advised in the other answers.

However, you can use "IF ERRORLEVEL #". For example:

(
type filename
@REM Use an existing (or not) filename to test each branch
IF ERRORLEVEL 1 (echo ERROR) ELSE (echo OKAY)
) > logfile.txt

The ECHO will only run if an error was returned; however %ERRORLEVEL% seems inconsistent.

Edit: Changed example to be runnable as-is.

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傲娇萝莉攻 2024-07-28 08:43:47

经过大约一天的挖掘，我找到了一种方法：

set error_=0
9>&1 1>&2 2>&9 (for /f "delims=" %%i in ('9^>^&1 1^>^&2 2^>^&9 ^(^(^(2^>^&1 call "%homeDir%%1"^) ^|^| ^(1^>^&2 2^>nul echo FAILED^)^) ^| 2^>nul "%homeDir%mtee" /T /+ "%homeDir%logs\%date_%_%1.log"^)') do (set error_=1))

exit /b %error_%

在上面的示例中，“%homeDir%%1”正在执行，其输出通过管道传输到“%homeDir%mtee”。该行检测故障（我建议您绘制批处理上下文及其 stdin/stdout/stderr 分配的图表，以便了解它的作用:-)）。我没有找到提取实际错误级别的好方法。我得到的最好的事情是将“echo”命令替换为一些批处理脚本调用“call rc.bat”，如下所示：

@echo %errorlevel%

然后将“set error_=1”替换为“set error_=%%i”。

但问题是这个调用也可能失败，而且不容易检测到。不过，这比什么都没有好得多——我在互联网上没有找到任何解决方案。

After about one day of digging, I found a way to do that:

set error_=0
9>&1 1>&2 2>&9 (for /f "delims=" %%i in ('9^>^&1 1^>^&2 2^>^&9 ^(^(^(2^>^&1 call "%homeDir%%1"^) ^|^| ^(1^>^&2 2^>nul echo FAILED^)^) ^| 2^>nul "%homeDir%mtee" /T /+ "%homeDir%logs\%date_%_%1.log"^)') do (set error_=1))

exit /b %error_%

In the example above "%homeDir%%1" is being executed and its output is piped to "%homeDir%mtee". This line detects failures (I'd suggest you to draw a diagram of batch contexts and their stdin/stdout/stderr assignments in order to understand what it does :-) ). I did not find a good way to extract the actual errorlevel. The best thing I got was to replace the 'echo' command with some batch script call 'call rc.bat' which look like:

@echo %errorlevel%

and then replace 'set error_=1' with 'set error_=%%i'.

But the problem is that this call may fail too, and it is not easy to detect that. Still, it is much better than nothing -- I did not find any solution for that on the Internet.

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苏别ゝ 2024-07-28 08:43:47

为了调用 tee 来输入 bat 文件，而不是单个命令，并自由使用错误级别，我使用这样的技巧：

if "%1" == "body" goto :body
call %0 body | tee log.txt
goto :eof
:body

set nls_lang=american_america
set HomePath=%~dp0

sqlplus "usr/pwd@tnsname" "@%HomePath%script.sql" 
if errorlevel 1 goto dberror

rem Here I can do something which is dependent on correct finish of script.sql    

:dberror

echo script.sqlerror failed

它将使用 tee 与调用批处理内的任何命令分开。

To call tee for entry bat-file, not for single command, and use errorlevel freely, I use trick like this:

if "%1" == "body" goto :body
call %0 body | tee log.txt
goto :eof
:body

set nls_lang=american_america
set HomePath=%~dp0

sqlplus "usr/pwd@tnsname" "@%HomePath%script.sql" 
if errorlevel 1 goto dberror

rem Here I can do something which is dependent on correct finish of script.sql    

:dberror

echo script.sqlerror failed

it separates using tee from calling any commands inside batch.

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皇甫轩 2024-07-28 08:43:47

您可以通过在命令文件周围创建一个包装器来解决问题：

rem wrapper for command file, wrapper.cmd

call foo.exe

echo %errorlevel%

if errorlevel 1 goto...

然后将 tee 附加到包装器：

wrapper.cmd | tee result.log

当然这并不完全相同，例如，如果您想在包装文件中登录多个文件，这是不可能的，但是就我而言，它解决了问题。

You can solve the problem by creating a wrapper around your command file:

rem wrapper for command file, wrapper.cmd

call foo.exe

echo %errorlevel%

if errorlevel 1 goto...

Then append tee to the wrapper:

wrapper.cmd | tee result.log

Of course this does not exactly the same, e.g. if you want to log in several files in the wrapped file, it is not possible, but in my case it solved the problem.

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