使用宏“高阶函数”在 C 中进行函数式编程发电机

发布于 2024-07-20 05:09:44 字数 1779 浏览 0 评论 0原文

请仔细注意，因为这是一个大问题；-)

我想在 C 中使用模板函数进行通用集合操作（如搜索、foreach 等），同时维护编译器静态类型检查。当您使用简单的回调（如本示例中所示）时，这是相当简单的：

#define MAKE_FOREACH(TYPE)\
void foreach_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, void(*f)(TYPE)) {\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    f(array[i]);\
  }\
}

因此您可以执行以下操作：

MAKE_FOREACH(int)
MAKE_FOREACH(float)

void intcallback(int x){
  printf("got %d\n", x);
}

void floatcallback(float x){
  printf("got %f\n", x);
}

int main(){
  int[5] iarray = {1,2,3,4,5};
  float[5] farray = {1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0};
  foreach_int(iarray, 5, intcallback);
  foreach_float(farray, 5, floatcallback);
}

如果我想使用返回类型实现回调，例如创建一个“map”函数，我可以这样做：

#define MAKE_MAP(TYPE, RTYPE)\
RTYPE* map_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, RTYPE(*f)(TYPE)) {\
  RTYPE* result = (RTYPE*)malloc(sizeof(RTYPE)*n);\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    result[i]=f(array[i]);\
  }\
}

所以远了，真好。当我希望我的回调函数接受任意数量的类型化参数时，问题就来了。

这个想法是这样的：

#define MAKE_MAP(TYPE, RTYPE, ...)\
RTYPE* map_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, RTYPE(*f)(TYPE, __VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
/*this would work for the declaration (because just the types would be enough)
but the  parameter names are missing :-s*/ \
{\
  RTYPE* result = (RTYPE*)malloc(sizeof(RTYPE)*n);\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    result[i]=f(array[i], /*here the names of the parameters, in order*/);\
  }\
}

所以，正如你所看到的，我可以将映射函数声明为：

MAKE_MAP(int, float, char)

给出：

float* map_int(int[n] array, int n, float(*f)(int, char), char);

但我无法弄清楚如何实现使用预处理器传递的参数。在此，我请求您的帮助、想法和建议。

（顺便说一句，不要告诉我使用可变参数函数作为模板并将 va_list 参数传递给回调，因为所有这些都是因为类型检查:-p）

原文

Pay attention carefully because this is a hell of a question ;-)

I want to use template functions for generic collection actions (like search, foreach, etc.) in C while maintaining compiler static type checking. It is fairly straightforward while you're using simple callbacks like in this example:

#define MAKE_FOREACH(TYPE)\
void foreach_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, void(*f)(TYPE)) {\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    f(array[i]);\
  }\
}

so you can do things like:

MAKE_FOREACH(int)
MAKE_FOREACH(float)

void intcallback(int x){
  printf("got %d\n", x);
}

void floatcallback(float x){
  printf("got %f\n", x);
}

int main(){
  int[5] iarray = {1,2,3,4,5};
  float[5] farray = {1.0,2.0,3.0,4.0,5.0};
  foreach_int(iarray, 5, intcallback);
  foreach_float(farray, 5, floatcallback);
}

If I'd like to implement callbacks with return types, for example to make a "map" function, I could do:

#define MAKE_MAP(TYPE, RTYPE)\
RTYPE* map_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, RTYPE(*f)(TYPE)) {\
  RTYPE* result = (RTYPE*)malloc(sizeof(RTYPE)*n);\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    result[i]=f(array[i]);\
  }\
}

So far, so good. The problem comes now, when I want my callback functions to accept any number of typed arguments.

The idea is something like:

#define MAKE_MAP(TYPE, RTYPE, ...)\
RTYPE* map_##TYPE (TYPE[n] array, int n, RTYPE(*f)(TYPE, __VA_ARGS__), __VA_ARGS__)
/*this would work for the declaration (because just the types would be enough)
but the  parameter names are missing :-s*/ \
{\
  RTYPE* result = (RTYPE*)malloc(sizeof(RTYPE)*n);\
  for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {\
    result[i]=f(array[i], /*here the names of the parameters, in order*/);\
  }\
}

so, as you can see, I could declare a map function as:

MAKE_MAP(int, float, char)

giving:

float* map_int(int[n] array, int n, float(*f)(int, char), char);

but I cannot figure how to implement the parameter passing with the preprocessor. Here is where I ask for your help, ideas and suggestions.

(By the way, don't tell me to use a variadic function as template and passing a va_list argument to the callback, because all this stuff was because of the type checking :-p)

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