如何以编程方式获取 Mac OS X 保留的快捷键

Question

我正在使用一个应用程序，该应用程序允许客户自定义分配的快捷键。 我想做的一件事是，如果选择的快捷键已被 Mac OS X 使用，则发出警告。

我正在尝试使用 CopySymbolicHotKeys，但我不确定是否正确使用它，因为它列出了命令尽管我没有看到它列在“键盘和鼠标”系统偏好设置的“键盘快捷键”选项卡窗格中，但仍被保留。 我希望能够获得那些“保留”供系统使用的快捷方式，这是要使用的 API 吗？

我在下面提供了我的代码示例，请查看它并提出您可能想到的任何建议。

CFArrayRef hotkeyArray = NULL;
OSStatus status = CopySymbolicHotKeys(&hotkeyArray);

if (noErr == status && NULL != hotkeyArray) {

    CFIndex hotKeyCount = CFArrayGetCount(hotkeyArray);

    for (CFIndex i = 0; i < hotKeyCount; i++) {
        CFDictionaryRef hotKeyDict = (CFDictionaryRef) CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(hotkeyArray, i);
        if (hotKeyDict && CFGetTypeID(hotKeyDict) == CFDictionaryGetTypeID()) {
            if (kCFBooleanTrue == (CFBooleanRef) CFDictionaryGetValue(hotKeyDict, kHISymbolicHotKeyEnabled)) {

                SInt32 keyModifiers = 0;

                CFNumberRef cfkeyModifers = (CFNumberRef) CFDictionaryGetValue(hotKeyDict, kHISymbolicHotKeyModifiers);
                CFNumberGetValue(cfkeyModifers, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &keyModifiers);

                bool keyIsCommandOnly = (keyModifiers == (keyModifiers & cmdKey));
                bool keyIsCommandAndOption = (keyModifiers == (keyModifiers & (cmdKey | optionKey)));

                CFNumberRef cfKeyCode = (CFNumberRef) CFDictionaryGetValue(hotKeyDict, kHISymbolicHotKeyCode);

                short keyCode = 0;
                CFNumberGetValue(cfKeyCode, kCFNumberShortType, &keyCode);

                CFStringRef keyString = CFStringCreateWithFormat(kCFAllocatorDefault, NULL, CFSTR("%C"), keyCode);

                const char* commandOnlyStr = "Command";
                const char* commandAndOptionStr = "Command-Option";
                const char* otherStr = "Other Modifier Key";

                char* modifierStr = otherStr;

                if (keyIsCommandOnly) {
                    modifierStr = commandOnlyStr;
                }
                else if (keyIsCommandAndOption) {
                    modifierStr = commandAndOptionStr;
                }

                CFStringRef debugString = CFStringCreateWithFormat(kCFAllocatorDefault, NULL, CFSTR("Mac OS X Reserved Key: %s %@"), modifierStr, keyString);
                CFShow(debugString); // Command-O, Command-W and other apparently non-reserved keys are output
                CFRelease(debugString);
                CFRelease(keyString);
            }
        }
    }
}
CFRelease(hotkeyArray);

Answer 1

我认为这是不可能的。

此链接也讨论了如何使用 CopySymbolicHotKeys。 但是，该功能列出了键盘快捷键系统偏好设置中未列出的键盘快捷键。 如果有办法区分实际保留键和标准键，那就太理想了。

最好的答案似乎是解析实际的 plist 文件“com.apple.symbolichotkeys.plist”，我在 Apple 的 Carbon 电子邮件讨论列表中找到了该文件。 但是，这个答案假设您知道每个键是什么（我不知道）。

我还找到了一个 链接 描述修饰键值是什么。

以下是发布的用于禁用系统快捷键首选项中的已知键的代码：

#include <CoreServices/CoreServices.h>

static CFStringRef gApplicationID = CFSTR("com.apple.symbolichotkeys");

static CFStringRef gKeyASHK =       CFSTR("AppleSymbolicHotKeys");
static CFStringRef gKey73 =         CFSTR("73");
static CFStringRef gKeyEnabled =    CFSTR("enabled");

int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) {
    #pragma unused (argc, argv)

    CFPropertyListRef hotkeysCFPropertyListRef = CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(gKeyASHK, gApplicationID);
    if ( !hotkeysCFPropertyListRef ) {
        fprintf(stderr,
                "%s, CFPreferencesCopyAppValue(\"AppleSymbolicHotKeys\", \"com.apple.symbolichotkeys.plist\" returned NULL.\n",
                __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }
    // make sure it's a dictionary
    if ( CFGetTypeID(hotkeysCFPropertyListRef) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID() ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFGetTypeID(hotkeysCFPropertyListRef) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID().\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // get the "73" value from that dictionary
    CFPropertyListRef hotkey73CFPropertyListRef = NULL;
    if ( !CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(hotkeysCFPropertyListRef, gKey73, &hotkey73CFPropertyListRef) ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(...,\"73\",...) returned FALSE.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }
    //CFShow(hotkey73CFPropertyListRef);
    // make sure it's a dictionary
    if ( CFGetTypeID(hotkey73CFPropertyListRef) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID() ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFGetTypeID(hotkey73CFPropertyListRef) != CFDictionaryGetTypeID().\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // get the "73" value from that dictionary
    CFPropertyListRef hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef = NULL;
    if ( !CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(hotkey73CFPropertyListRef, gKeyEnabled, &hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef) ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent(...,\"enabled\",...) returned FALSE.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }
    //CFShow(hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef);
    // make sure it's a boolean
    if ( CFGetTypeID(hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef) != CFBooleanGetTypeID() ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFGetTypeID(hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef) != CFBooleanGetTypeID().\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // get its value
    Boolean value = CFBooleanGetValue(hotkey73EnabledCFPropertyListRef);

    CFBooleanRef hotkey73EnabledCFBooleanRef = value ? kCFBooleanFalse : kCFBooleanTrue;    // note: toggle value

    // create a mutable copy of the hot key 73 dictionary
    CFMutableDictionaryRef newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0,  hotkey73CFPropertyListRef);
    if ( !newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(..., hotkey73CFPropertyListRef) returned NULL.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // set the new value for the "enabled" item
    CFDictionarySetValue(newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef, gKeyEnabled, hotkey73EnabledCFBooleanRef);
    //CFShow(newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef);

    // create a mutable copy of the hot key dictionary
    CFMutableDictionaryRef newHotkeysCFPropertyListRef = CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, hotkeysCFPropertyListRef);
    if ( !newHotkeysCFPropertyListRef ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFDictionaryCreateMutableCopy(...,hotkeysCFPropertyListRef) returned NULL.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // set the new value for the "73" item
    CFDictionarySetValue(newHotkeysCFPropertyListRef, gKey73, newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef);
    CFRelease(newHotkey73CFCFMutableDictionaryRef);
    //CFShow(newHotkeysCFPropertyListRef);

    CFPreferencesSetAppValue(gKeyASHK, newHotkeysCFPropertyListRef, gApplicationID);
    if ( !CFPreferencesAppSynchronize(gApplicationID) ) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s, CFPreferencesAppSynchronize returned false.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__);
        return (-1);
    }

    // note: value is opposite of what we just set (so invert logic)
    printf("%s, /AppleSymbolicHotKeys/73/enabled set to %s.\n", __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, value ? "FALSE" : "TRUE");

    return (0);
} // main

Answer 2

我不知道如何以编程方式执行此操作，但如果可以选择硬编码，您可以在此处找到 MacOSX 快捷方式列表： http://support.apple.com/kb/HT1343。 我会使用正则表达式来提取按键组合，然后以编程方式转换为键符号/键码。 该页面似乎由 Apple 针对每个 OSX 版本进行更新，因此您应该能够轻松地在每个 OSX 更新中重复该过程。

Answer 3

我想添加有助于以 Lyndsey Ferguson 使用 CFPreferencesCopyAppValue() 表示的方式读取/写入 ~/Library/Preferences/com.apple.symbolichotkeys.plist 文件的代码code> 和来自 CFPropertyListRef 的 CFDictionaryGetValueIfPresent()。 关键是要知道哪个符号热键标识符与“键盘快捷键”首选项窗格中的哪个热键相关。 下面是带有描述性常量的代码，可以为您提供很多帮助：

/**
 * Apple Symbolic HotKeys Ids
 * To find this symbolic hot keys indices do:
 * 1. open Terminal
 * 2. restore defaults in System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts
 * 3. defaults read com.apple.symbolichotkeys > current.txt
 * 4. enable/disable given symbolic hot key in System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts
 * 5. defaults read com.apple.symbolichotkeys | diff -C 5 current.txt -
 * 6. restore defaults in System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts
 */
enum {
    kSHKMoveFocusToTheMenuBar                   = 7,    // Ctrl, F2
    kSHKMoveFocusToTheDock                      = 8,    // Ctrl, F3
    kSHKMoveFocusToActiveOrNextWindow           = 9,    // Ctrl, F4
    kSHKMoveFocusToTheWindowToolbar             = 10,   // Ctrl, F5
    kSHKMoveFocusToTheFloatingWindow            = 11,   // Ctrl, F6
    kSHKTurnKeyboardAccessOnOrOff               = 12,   // Ctrl, F1
    kSHKChangeTheWayTabMovesFocus               = 13,   // Ctrl, F7
    kSHKTurnZoomOnOrOff                         = 15,   // Opt, Cmd, 8
    kSHKZoomIn                                  = 17,   // Opt, Cmd, =
    kSHKZoomOut                                 = 19,   // Opt, Cmd, -
    kSHKInvertColors                            = 21,   // Ctrl, Opt, Cmd, 8
    kSHKTurnImageSmoothingOnOrOff               = 23,   // Opt, Cmd, Backslash "\"
    kSHKIncreaseContrast                        = 25,   // Ctrl, Opt, Cmd, .
    kSHKDecreaseContrast                        = 26,   // Ctrl, Opt, Cmd, ,
    kSHKMoveFocusToNextWindow                   = 27,   // Cmd, `
    kSHKSavePictureOfScreenAsAFile              = 28,   // Shift, Cmd, 3
    kSHKCopyPictureOfScreenToTheClipboard       = 29,   // Ctrl, Shift, Cmd, 3
    kSHKSavePictureOfSelectedAreaAsAFile        = 30,   // Shift, Cmd, 4
    kSHKCopyPictureOfSelectedAreaToTheClipboard = 31,   // Ctrl, Shift, Cmd, 4
    kSHKMissionControl                          = 32,   // Ctrl, Arrow Up
    kSHKApplicationWindows                      = 33,   // Ctrl, Arrow Down
    kSHKShowDesktop                             = 36,   // F11
    kSHKMoveFocusToTheWindowDrawer              = 51,   // Opt, Cmd, `
    kSHKTurnDockHidingOnOrOff                   = 52,   // Opt, Cmd, D
    kSHKMoveFocusToStatusMenus                  = 57,   // Ctrl, F8
    kSHKTurnVoiceOverOnOrOff                    = 59,   // Cmd, F5
    kSHKSelectThePreviousInputSource            = 60,   // Ctrl, Space bar
    kSHKSelectNextSourceInInputMenu             = 61,   // Ctrl, Opt, Space bar
    kSHKShowDashboard                           = 62,   // F12
    kSHKShowSpotlightSearch                     = 64,   // Cmd, Space bar
    kSHKShowFinderSearchWindow                  = 65,   // Opt, Cmd, Space bar
    kSHKLookUpInDictionary                      = 70,   // Shift, Cmd, E
    kSHKHideAndShowFrontRow                     = 73,   // Cmd, Esc
    kSHKActivateSpaces                          = 75,   // F8
    kSHKMoveLeftASpace                          = 79,   // Ctrl, Arrow Left
    kSHKMoveRightASpace                         = 81,   // Ctrl, Arrow Right
    kSHKShowHelpMenu                            = 98,   // Shift, Cmd, /
    kSHKSwitchToDesktop1                        = 118,  // Ctrl, 1
    kSHKSwitchToDesktop2                        = 119,  // Ctrl, 2
    kSHKSwitchToDesktop3                        = 120,  // Ctrl, 3
    kSHKSwitchToDesktop4                        = 121,  // Ctrl, 4
    kSHKShowLaunchpad                           = 160,  //
    kSHKShowAccessibilityControls               = 162,  // Opt, Cmd, F5
    kSHKShowNotificationCenter                  = 163,  //
    kSHKTurnDoNotDisturbOnOrOff                 = 175,  //
    kSHKTurnFocusFollowingOnOrOff               = 179,  //
};


struct symbolic_hot_keys {
    int shk_id;                 // symbolic hot keys identifier
    int enabled;
    char *type;                 // usually "standard"
    int64_t ASCII_code;             // ASCII code of the character or 65535 (0xFFFF) for non-ASCII characters
    int64_t virtual_key_code;       // virtual key code for the character
    int64_t modifier_keys_flags;    // the sum of modifier key flags: Shift 17 bit, Ctrl 18 bit, Opt 19 bit, Cmd 20 bit
};
typedef struct symbolic_hot_keys symbolic_hot_keys_t;

// simple mapping of modifier flags
enum {
    kMFShift    = kCGEventFlagMaskShift,
    kMFControl  = kCGEventFlagMaskControl,
    kMFOption   = kCGEventFlagMaskAlternate,
    kMFCommand  = kCGEventFlagMaskCommand,
};