Rails 中has_one 和belongs_to 之间的区别?

发布于 2024-07-19 08:39:07 字数 376 浏览 8 评论 0原文

我试图理解 RoR 中的 has_one 关系。

假设我有两个模型 - PersonCell

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person
end

我可以使用 has_one :person 而不是 belongs_to :person > 在 Cell 模型中?

不是一样吗?

I am trying to understand has_one relationship in RoR.

Let's say I have two models - Person and Cell:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person
end

Can I just use has_one :person instead of belongs_to :person in Cell model?

Isn't it the same?

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爺獨霸怡葒院 2024-07-26 08:39:07

不,它们不可互换,并且存在一些真正的差异。

belongs_to 表示外键位于此类的表中。 所以 belongs_to 只能进入保存外键的类。

has_one 表示另一个表中有一个外键引用该类。 因此 has_one 只能进入被另一个表中的列引用的类中。

所以这是错误的:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell # the cell table has a person_id
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :person # the person table has a cell_id
end

这也是错误的:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :cell # the person table has a cell_id
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person # the cell table has a person_id
end

正确的方法是(如果 Cell 包含 person_id 字段):

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell # the person table does not have 'joining' info
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person # the cell table has a person_id
end

对于双向关联,您需要每种关联之一,他们必须进入正确的班级。 即使对于单向关联,使用哪一种关联也很重要。

No, they are not interchangable, and there are some real differences.

belongs_to means that the foreign key is in the table for this class. So belongs_to can ONLY go in the class that holds the foreign key.

has_one means that there is a foreign key in another table that references this class. So has_one can ONLY go in a class that is referenced by a column in another table.

So this is wrong:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell # the cell table has a person_id
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :person # the person table has a cell_id
end

And this is also wrong:

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :cell # the person table has a cell_id
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person # the cell table has a person_id
end

The correct way is (if Cell contains person_id field):

class Person < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_one :cell # the person table does not have 'joining' info
end

class Cell < ActiveRecord::Base
  belongs_to :person # the cell table has a person_id
end

For a two-way association, you need one of each, and they have to go in the right class. Even for a one-way association, it matters which one you use.

音栖息无 2024-07-26 08:39:07

如果您添加“belongs_to”,那么您将获得双向关联。 这意味着您可以从细胞中获取一个人,并从该人中获取一个细胞。

没有真正的区别,两种方法(有和没有“belongs_to”)使用相同的数据库模式(单元格数据库表中的 person_id 字段)。

总结一下:不要添加“belongs_to”,除非您需要模型之间的双向关联。

If you add "belongs_to" then you got a bidirectional association. That means you can get a person from the cell and a cell from the person.

There's no real difference, both approaches (with and without "belongs_to") use the same database schema (a person_id field in the cells database table).

To summarize: Do not add "belongs_to" unless you need bidirectional associations between models.

雪花飘飘的天空 2024-07-26 08:39:07

使用两者可以让您从 Person 和 Cell 模型获取信息。

@cell.person.whatever_info and @person.cell.whatever_info.

Using both allows you to get info from both Person and Cell models.

@cell.person.whatever_info and @person.cell.whatever_info.
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