将范围转换为位数组

发布于 2024-07-16 10:32:55 字数 547 浏览 6 评论 0原文

我正在用 C# 编写一段对时间要求严格的代码,它要求我将定义包含范围的两个无符号整数转换为位字段。 例如:

uint x1 = 3;
uint x2 = 9;
  //defines the range [3-9]
  //                              98  7654 3
  //must be converted to:  0000 0011  1111 1000

它可能有助于以相反的顺序可视化位。

此范围的最大值是运行时给出的参数,我们将其称为 max_val。 因此,位域变量应定义为大小等于 max_val/32 的 UInt32 数组:

UInt32 MAX_DIV_32 = max_val / 32;
UInt32[] bitArray = new UInt32[MAX_DIV_32];

给定由变量 x1 定义的范围> 和 x2,执行此转换的最快方法是什么?

I'm writing a time-critical piece of code in C# that requires me to convert two unsigned integers that define an inclusive range into a bit field. Ex:

uint x1 = 3;
uint x2 = 9;
  //defines the range [3-9]
  //                              98  7654 3
  //must be converted to:  0000 0011  1111 1000

It may help to visualize the bits in reverse order

The maximum value for this range is a parameter given at run-time which we'll call max_val. Therefore, the bit field variable ought to be defined as a UInt32 array with size equal to max_val/32:

UInt32 MAX_DIV_32 = max_val / 32;
UInt32[] bitArray = new UInt32[MAX_DIV_32];

Given a range defined by the variables x1 and x2, what is the fastest way to perform this conversion?

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评论(6

独孤求败 2024-07-23 10:32:55

尝试这个。 计算必须用全 1 填充的数组项的范围,并通过迭代该范围来完成此操作。 最后在两个边框上设置项目。

Int32 startIndex = x1 >> 5;
Int32 endIndex = x2 >> 5;

bitArray[startIndex] = UInt32.MaxValue << (x1 & 31);

for (Int32 i = startIndex + 1; i <= endIndex; i++)
{
   bitArray[i] = UInt32.MaxValue;
}

bitArray[endIndex] &= UInt32.MaxValue >> (31 - (x2 & 31));

也许代码不是 100% 正确,但这个想法应该可行。


刚刚测试了一下,发现三个bug。 开始索引处的计算需要 mod 32,而结束索引处的 32 必须是 31,并且是逻辑与,而不是赋值来处理开始索引和结束索引相同的情况。 应该是相当快的。


只需在阵列上均匀分布 x1 和 x2 对其进行基准测试即可。
Windows XP 主机上的 Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3.0 GHz、MS VirtualPC 和 Server 2003 R2。

Array length [bits]           320         160         64
Performance [executions/s]    33 million  43 million  54 million

又一优化 x % 32 == x & 31 但我无法衡量性能提升。 由于我的测试仅进行了 10,000,000 次迭代,因此波动相当高。 而且我在 VirtualPC 中运行,这使得情况变得更加不可预测。

Try this. Calculate the range of array items that must be filled with all ones and do this by iterating over this range. Finally set the items at both borders.

Int32 startIndex = x1 >> 5;
Int32 endIndex = x2 >> 5;

bitArray[startIndex] = UInt32.MaxValue << (x1 & 31);

for (Int32 i = startIndex + 1; i <= endIndex; i++)
{
   bitArray[i] = UInt32.MaxValue;
}

bitArray[endIndex] &= UInt32.MaxValue >> (31 - (x2 & 31));

May be the code is not 100% correct, but the idea should work.


Just tested it and found three bugs. The calculation at start index required a mod 32 and at end index the 32 must be 31 and a logical and instead of a assignment to handle the case of start and end index being the same. Should be quite fast.


Just benchmarked it with equal distribution of x1 and x2 over the array.
Intel Core 2 Duo E8400 3.0 GHz, MS VirtualPC with Server 2003 R2 on Windows XP host.

Array length [bits]           320         160         64
Performance [executions/s]    33 million  43 million  54 million

One more optimazation x % 32 == x & 31 but I am unable to meassure a performance gain. Because of only 10.000.000 iterations in my test the fluctuations are quite high. And I am running in VirtualPC making the situation even more unpredictable.

稚然 2024-07-23 10:32:55

我将 BitArray 中的整个位范围设置为 true 或 false 的解决方案:

public static BitArray SetRange(BitArray bitArray, Int32 offset, Int32 length, Boolean value)
{

    Int32[] ints = new Int32[(bitArray.Count >> 5) + 1];

    bitArray.CopyTo(ints, 0);

    var firstInt = offset >> 5;
    var lastInt = (offset + length) >> 5;

    Int32 mask = 0;

    if (value)
    {
        // set first and last int
        mask = (-1 << (offset & 31));
        if (lastInt != firstInt)
            ints[lastInt] |= ~(-1 << ((offset + length) & 31));
        else
            mask &= ~(-1 << ((offset + length) & 31));

        ints[firstInt] |= mask;

        // set all ints in between
        for (Int32 i = firstInt + 1; i < lastInt; i++)
            ints[i] = -1;
    }

    else
    {
        // set first and last int
        mask = ~(-1 << (offset & 31));
        if (lastInt != firstInt)
            ints[lastInt] &= -1 << ((offset + length) & 31);
        else
            mask |= -1 << ((offset + length) & 31);

        ints[firstInt] &= mask;

        // set all ints in between
        for (Int32 i = firstInt + 1; i < lastInt; i++)
            ints[i] = 0;

    }

    return new BitArray(ints) { Length = bitArray.Length };

}

My solution for setting a whole range of bits in a BitArray to true or false:

public static BitArray SetRange(BitArray bitArray, Int32 offset, Int32 length, Boolean value)
{

    Int32[] ints = new Int32[(bitArray.Count >> 5) + 1];

    bitArray.CopyTo(ints, 0);

    var firstInt = offset >> 5;
    var lastInt = (offset + length) >> 5;

    Int32 mask = 0;

    if (value)
    {
        // set first and last int
        mask = (-1 << (offset & 31));
        if (lastInt != firstInt)
            ints[lastInt] |= ~(-1 << ((offset + length) & 31));
        else
            mask &= ~(-1 << ((offset + length) & 31));

        ints[firstInt] |= mask;

        // set all ints in between
        for (Int32 i = firstInt + 1; i < lastInt; i++)
            ints[i] = -1;
    }

    else
    {
        // set first and last int
        mask = ~(-1 << (offset & 31));
        if (lastInt != firstInt)
            ints[lastInt] &= -1 << ((offset + length) & 31);
        else
            mask |= -1 << ((offset + length) & 31);

        ints[firstInt] &= mask;

        // set all ints in between
        for (Int32 i = firstInt + 1; i < lastInt; i++)
            ints[i] = 0;

    }

    return new BitArray(ints) { Length = bitArray.Length };

}
吃→可爱长大的 2024-07-23 10:32:55

你可以尝试:

UInt32 x1 = 3;
UInt32 x2 = 9;
UInt32 newInteger = (UInt32)(Math.Pow(2, x2 + 1) - 1) & 
                   ~(UInt32)(Math.Pow(2, x1)-1);

You could try:

UInt32 x1 = 3;
UInt32 x2 = 9;
UInt32 newInteger = (UInt32)(Math.Pow(2, x2 + 1) - 1) & 
                   ~(UInt32)(Math.Pow(2, x1)-1);
凉风有信 2024-07-23 10:32:55

是否有理由不使用 System.Collections.BitArray 类而不使用 UInt32[]? 否则,我会尝试这样的事情:

int minIndex = (int)x1/32;
int maxIndex = (int)x2/32;
// first handle the all zero regions and the all one region (if any)
for (int i = 0; i < minIndex; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = 0;
}
for (int i = minIndex + 1; i < maxIndex; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = UInt32.MaxValue; // set to all 1s
}
for (int i = maxIndex + 1; i < MAX_DIV_32; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = 0;
}

// now handle the tricky parts
uint maxBits = (2u << ((int)x2 - 32 * maxIndex)) - 1; // set to 1s up to max
uint minBits = ~((1u << ((int)x1 - 32 * minIndex)) - 1); // set to 1s after min

if (minIndex == maxIndex) {
    bitArray[minIndex] = maxBits & minBits;
}
else {
    bitArray[minIndex] = minBits;
    bitArray[maxIndex] = maxBits;
}

Is there a reason not to use the System.Collections.BitArray class instead of a UInt32[]? Otherwise, I'd try something like this:

int minIndex = (int)x1/32;
int maxIndex = (int)x2/32;
// first handle the all zero regions and the all one region (if any)
for (int i = 0; i < minIndex; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = 0;
}
for (int i = minIndex + 1; i < maxIndex; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = UInt32.MaxValue; // set to all 1s
}
for (int i = maxIndex + 1; i < MAX_DIV_32; i++) {
    bitArray[i] = 0;
}

// now handle the tricky parts
uint maxBits = (2u << ((int)x2 - 32 * maxIndex)) - 1; // set to 1s up to max
uint minBits = ~((1u << ((int)x1 - 32 * minIndex)) - 1); // set to 1s after min

if (minIndex == maxIndex) {
    bitArray[minIndex] = maxBits & minBits;
}
else {
    bitArray[minIndex] = minBits;
    bitArray[maxIndex] = maxBits;
}
独留℉清风醉 2024-07-23 10:32:55

我很无聊,尝试使用 char 数组进行操作,并使用 Convert.ToUInt32(string, int) 从基数转换为 uint 2.

uint Range(int l, int h)
{
  char[] buffer = new char[h];
  for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
  {
    buffer[i] = i < h - l ? '1' : '0';
  }
  return Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer), 2);
}

一个简单的基准测试表明,我的方法比 Angrey Jim 的方法快大约 5%(即使您用位移位替换第二个 Pow)。

如果满足以下条件,则可能是最容易转换为生成 uint 数组的方法:上限太大,无法放入单个 int 中。 这有点神秘,但我相信它有效。

uint[] Range(int l, int h)
{
  char[] buffer = new char[h];
  for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
  {
    buffer[i] = i < h - l ? '1' : '0';
  }

  int bitsInUInt = sizeof(uint) * 8;
  int numNeededUInts = (int)Math.Ceiling((decimal)buffer.Length /
                                         (decimal)bitsInUInt);
  uint[] uints = new uint[numNeededUInts];
  for (int j = uints.Length - 1, s = buffer.Length - bitsInUInt;
       j >= 0 && s >= 0;
       j--, s -= bitsInUInt)
  {
    uints[j] = Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer, s, bitsInUInt), 2);
  }

  int remainder = buffer.Length % bitsInUInt;
  if (remainder > 0)
  {
    uints[0] = Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer, 0, remainder), 2);
  }

  return uints;
}

I was bored enough to try doing it with a char array and using Convert.ToUInt32(string, int) to convert to a uint from base 2.

uint Range(int l, int h)
{
  char[] buffer = new char[h];
  for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
  {
    buffer[i] = i < h - l ? '1' : '0';
  }
  return Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer), 2);
}

A simple benchmark shows that my method is about 5% faster than Angrey Jim's (even if you replace second Pow with a bit shift.)

It is probably the easiest to convert to producing a uint array if the upper bound is too big to fit into a single int. It's a little cryptic but I believe it works.

uint[] Range(int l, int h)
{
  char[] buffer = new char[h];
  for (int i = 0; i < buffer.Length; i++)
  {
    buffer[i] = i < h - l ? '1' : '0';
  }

  int bitsInUInt = sizeof(uint) * 8;
  int numNeededUInts = (int)Math.Ceiling((decimal)buffer.Length /
                                         (decimal)bitsInUInt);
  uint[] uints = new uint[numNeededUInts];
  for (int j = uints.Length - 1, s = buffer.Length - bitsInUInt;
       j >= 0 && s >= 0;
       j--, s -= bitsInUInt)
  {
    uints[j] = Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer, s, bitsInUInt), 2);
  }

  int remainder = buffer.Length % bitsInUInt;
  if (remainder > 0)
  {
    uints[0] = Convert.ToUInt32(new string(buffer, 0, remainder), 2);
  }

  return uints;
}
内心旳酸楚 2024-07-23 10:32:55

尝试这个:

uint x1 = 3;
uint x2 = 9;

int cbToShift = x2 - x1; // 6
int nResult = ((1 << cbToShift) - 1) << x1; 

/*
  (1<<6)-1 gives you 63 = 111111, then you shift it on 3 bits left
*/

Try this:

uint x1 = 3;
uint x2 = 9;

int cbToShift = x2 - x1; // 6
int nResult = ((1 << cbToShift) - 1) << x1; 

/*
  (1<<6)-1 gives you 63 = 111111, then you shift it on 3 bits left
*/
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