As lindelof mentions, the TeXBook is also available, albeit in a form that prevents compilation (Knuth wished people to look at the source for inspiration but not to reproduce the book freely):
but that doesn't cover so much programming "stuff". The LaTeX sources themselves contain some useful nuggets, but the quality of the documentation ranges from excellent to non-existent in parts; this should be available in your distribution with texdoc source2e.
Other large LaTeX packages obviously have the source to their documentation available; a notable example is the memoir class:
The memoir class by Peter Wilson (memman.tex is the documentation)
I'm sure there are many more books with their source available; these are just the first ones that come to mind that happen to also be able TeX and/or LaTeX.
Not that I'd recommend it (unless you've got a lot of time and caffeine to spare), but I learned a lot from just reading the latex.ltx file. I learned a lot not only about LaTeX but also of course about TeX. It's a heavy read though and I'd suggest reading a book about TeX first before diving into the latex.ltx file.
I wanted to know about how "optional" parameters actually worked and reading the latex.ltx file really helped me understand.
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有两本全面的 TeX 参考指南/食谱书：
在这两种情况下，也都提供了来源。
正如 lindelof 提到的，TeXBook 也是可用的，尽管其形式阻止了编译（Knuth 希望人们从源代码中寻找灵感，但不要随意复制这本书）：
在 LaTeX 方面，从编程的角度来看，资源更加稀缺。 据我所知，最好的免费参考是
当然还有
但这并不'没有涵盖这么多编程“东西”。 LaTeX 源代码本身包含一些有用的信息，但文档的质量从优秀到部分不存在； 这应该可以在您的发行版中通过
texdoc source2e获得。其他大型 LaTeX 软件包显然也有可用的文档源； 一个值得注意的例子是回忆录类：
memman.tex是文档）我确信还有更多书籍及其源代码可用； 这些只是我首先想到的那些碰巧也支持 TeX 和/或 LaTeX 的。
There are two comprehensive reference guides/recipe books for TeX:
In both cases, the sources are also available.
As lindelof mentions, the TeXBook is also available, albeit in a form that prevents compilation (Knuth wished people to look at the source for inspiration but not to reproduce the book freely):
On the LaTeX side of things, resources a little more scarce from the programming point of view. The best free reference that I know of is
Of course there's also
but that doesn't cover so much programming "stuff". The LaTeX sources themselves contain some useful nuggets, but the quality of the documentation ranges from excellent to non-existent in parts; this should be available in your distribution with
texdoc source2e.Other large LaTeX packages obviously have the source to their documentation available; a notable example is the memoir class:
memman.texis the documentation)I'm sure there are many more books with their source available; these are just the first ones that come to mind that happen to also be able TeX and/or LaTeX.
不管你是否相信，TeXbook 的源代码实际上是可以免费下载的:
TeXbook源码包
Believe it or not, but the source code to the TeXbook is actually freely downloadable:
TeXbook source code package
我并不是推荐它（除非你有很多时间和咖啡因），但我从阅读 Latex.ltx 文件中学到了很多东西。 我不仅学到了很多关于 LaTeX 的知识，当然也学到了很多关于 TeX 的知识。 虽然这是一本繁重的读物，但我建议先阅读一本有关 TeX 的书，然后再深入了解 Latex.ltx 文件。
我想知道“可选”参数实际上是如何工作的，阅读 Latex.ltx 文件确实帮助我理解了。
Not that I'd recommend it (unless you've got a lot of time and caffeine to spare), but I learned a lot from just reading the latex.ltx file. I learned a lot not only about LaTeX but also of course about TeX. It's a heavy read though and I'd suggest reading a book about TeX first before diving into the latex.ltx file.
I wanted to know about how "optional" parameters actually worked and reading the latex.ltx file really helped me understand.
另一本书肯定适合你的问题的第二部分是LaTeX for Complete Novices，作者：TeX.SX 成员 Nicola Talbot。
这个后面的问题，发布于TeX.SX 也与第 2 部分相关，值得一读。
Another book that would definitely fit part 2 of your question is LaTeX for Complete Novices by TeX.SX member Nicola Talbot.
This later question, posted on TeX.SX, is also relevant for part 2 and worth reading.
我发现 Allen B. Downey 写的这本书看起来非常好：计算建模和复杂性科学。
I found this book by Allen B. Downey that looks really nice: Computational Modeling and Complexity Science.