使用 Windows 服务和 C# 检测 USB 驱动器的插入和移除

Question

探讨制作 USB 分布式应用程序的可能性
将在插入 USB 记忆棒时自动启动，并在移除 USB 记忆棒时自动关闭

将使用 .Net 和 C#。
正在寻找如何使用 C# 解决此问题的建议？

---

Update: Two possible solutions implementing this as a service.
- override WndProc
or
- using WMI query with ManagementEventWatcher

Answer 1

您可以使用 WMI，它很简单，而且比带有服务的 WndProc 解决方案工作得更好。

这是一个简单的例子：

using System.Management;

ManagementEventWatcher watcher = new ManagementEventWatcher();
WqlEventQuery query = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_VolumeChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
watcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(watcher_EventArrived);
watcher.Query = query;
watcher.Start();
watcher.WaitForNextEvent();

Answer 2

这对我来说效果很好，而且您还可以找到有关该设备的更多信息。

using System.Management;

private void DeviceInsertedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
{
    ManagementBaseObject instance = (ManagementBaseObject)e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"];
    foreach (var property in instance.Properties)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(property.Name + " = " + property.Value);
    }
}

private void DeviceRemovedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
{
    ManagementBaseObject instance = (ManagementBaseObject)e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"];
    foreach (var property in instance.Properties)
    {
        Console.WriteLine(property.Name + " = " + property.Value);
    }
}            

private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
{
    WqlEventQuery insertQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM __InstanceCreationEvent WITHIN 2 WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBHub'");

    ManagementEventWatcher insertWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(insertQuery);
    insertWatcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(DeviceInsertedEvent);
    insertWatcher.Start();

    WqlEventQuery removeQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM __InstanceDeletionEvent WITHIN 2 WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBHub'");
    ManagementEventWatcher removeWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(removeQuery);
    removeWatcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(DeviceRemovedEvent);
    removeWatcher.Start();

    // Do something while waiting for events
    System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(20000000);
}

Answer 3

添加到 VitalyB 的帖子。

要在插入任何 USB 设备时引发事件，请使用以下命令：

var watcher = new ManagementEventWatcher();
var query = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
watcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(watcher_EventArrived);
watcher.Query = query;
watcher.Start();

这将在插入 USB 设备时引发事件。 它甚至可以与我尝试自动检测的 National Instruments DAQ 配合使用。

Answer 4

VitalyB 的答案不包括删除设备。 我对其进行了一些更改，以便在插入和删除媒体时触发事件，并编写代码来获取插入媒体的驱动器号。

using System;
using System.Management;

namespace MonitorDrives
{
    class Program
    {
        public enum EventType
        {
            Inserted = 2,
            Removed = 3
        }

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            ManagementEventWatcher watcher = new ManagementEventWatcher();
            WqlEventQuery query = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_VolumeChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2 or EventType = 3");

            watcher.EventArrived += (s, e) =>
            {
                string driveName = e.NewEvent.Properties["DriveName"].Value.ToString();
                EventType eventType = (EventType)(Convert.ToInt16(e.NewEvent.Properties["EventType"].Value));

                string eventName = Enum.GetName(typeof(EventType), eventType);

                Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1} {2}", DateTime.Now, driveName, eventName);
            };

            watcher.Query = query;
            watcher.Start();

            Console.ReadKey();
        }
    }
}

Answer 5

对以上所有答案进行一点编辑：

using System.Management;

public partial class MainForm : Form
{
    public MainForm()
    {
        InitializeComponent();

        bgwDriveDetector.DoWork += bgwDriveDetector_DoWork;
        bgwDriveDetector.RunWorkerAsync();
    }

    private void DeviceInsertedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
    {
        string driveName = e.NewEvent.Properties["DriveName"].Value.ToString();
        MessageBox.Show(driveName + " inserted");
    }

    private void DeviceRemovedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
    {
        string driveName = e.NewEvent.Properties["DriveName"].Value.ToString();
        MessageBox.Show(driveName + " removed");
    }

    void bgwDriveDetector_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        var insertQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 2");
        var insertWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(insertQuery);
        insertWatcher.EventArrived += DeviceInsertedEvent;
        insertWatcher.Start();

        var removeQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM Win32_DeviceChangeEvent WHERE EventType = 3");
        var removeWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(removeQuery);
        removeWatcher.EventArrived += DeviceRemovedEvent;
        removeWatcher.Start();
    }
}

Answer 6

您还可以使用 WMI 检测插入事件。 它比监视 WM_CHANGEDEVICE 消息稍微复杂一些，但它不需要窗口句柄，如果您作为服务在后台运行，这可能会很有用。

Answer 7

尝试 WM_CHANGEDEVICE 处理。

Answer 8

我的完整答案可以在此处找到，作为要点，

我找到了确定驱动器盘符的答案此问题/答案的序列号
如何获取驱动器盘符使用 WMI 的 USB 设备

我修改了 Phil Minor 的代码以使其具有反应性：

   public class UsbDetector : IUsbDetector
    {
        private const string Query = "SELECT * FROM {0} WITHIN 2 WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBHub'";
        private const string CreationEvent = "__InstanceCreationEvent";
        private const string DeletionEvent = "__InstanceDeletionEvent";
        private const int ReplayNumber = 1;

        private readonly Subject<USBDeviceInfo> adds = new Subject<USBDeviceInfo>();
        private readonly Subject<USBDeviceInfo> removes = new Subject<USBDeviceInfo>();

        public UsbDetector()
        {
            var bgwDriveDetector = new BackgroundWorker();
            bgwDriveDetector.DoWork += DoWork;
            bgwDriveDetector.RunWorkerAsync();
        }

        public IObservable<USBDeviceInfo> Adds => adds.AsObservable();

        public IObservable<USBDeviceInfo> Removes => removes.AsObservable();


        private void DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            SubscribeToEvent(CreationEvent, adds);
            SubscribeToEvent(DeletionEvent, removes);
        }

        private static void SubscribeToEvent(string eventType, IObserver<USBDeviceInfo> observer)
        {
            WqlEventQuery wqlEventQuery = new WqlEventQuery(string.Format(Query, eventType));
            ManagementEventWatcher insertWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(wqlEventQuery);

            var observable = Observable.FromEventPattern<EventArrivedEventHandler, EventArrivedEventArgs>(
                h => insertWatcher.EventArrived += h,
                h => insertWatcher.EventArrived -= h).Replay(ReplayNumber);

            observable.Connect();
            observable.Select(a => a.EventArgs).Select(MapEventArgs).Subscribe(observer);
            insertWatcher.Start();
        }


        private static USBDeviceInfo MapEventArgs(EventArrivedEventArgs e)
        {
            ManagementBaseObject instance = (ManagementBaseObject)e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"];

            string deviceId = (string)instance.GetPropertyValue("DeviceID");
            string serialNr = deviceId.Substring(deviceId.LastIndexOf('\\')).Replace("\\", "");
            char driveLetter = GetDriveLetter(serialNr).First();

            return new USBDeviceInfo(deviceId, serialNr, driveLetter);
        }

Answer 9

以下是我们在 WPF 应用程序下使用 C# .Net 4.0 所做的事情。 我们仍在寻找“如何判断插入/删除了哪种设备类型”的答案，但这只是一个开始：

    using System.Windows.Interop;
...
public partial class MainWindow : Window
 {
    ...
    public MainWindow()
    {
    ...
    }

    //============================================================
    // WINDOWS MESSAGE HANDLERS
    // 

    private const int WM_DEVICECHANGE = 0x0219;  // int = 537
    private const int DEVICE_NOTIFY_ALL_INTERFACE_CLASSES = 0x00000004; 

    /// <summary>
    ///
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="e"></param>
    protected override void OnSourceInitialized(EventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnSourceInitialized(e);
        HwndSource source = PresentationSource.FromVisual(this) as HwndSource;
        source.AddHook(WndProc);
    }

    private IntPtr WndProc(IntPtr hwnd, int msg, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam, ref bool handled)
    {
        if (msg == WM_DEVICECHANGE)
        {
            ReadDongleHeader();
        }
        return IntPtr.Zero;
    }

}

Answer 10

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Management;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace ConsoleApplication4
{
  public  class usbState
    {
       public usbState()
        {

        }

   private void DeviceInsertedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
   {
       ManagementBaseObject instance = (ManagementBaseObject)e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"];
       foreach (var property in instance.Properties)
       {
           Console.WriteLine(property.Name + " = " + property.Value);
       }
   }

   private void DeviceRemovedEvent(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)
   {
       ManagementBaseObject instance = (ManagementBaseObject)e.NewEvent["TargetInstance"];
       foreach (var property in instance.Properties)
       {
           Console.WriteLine(property.Name + " = " + property.Value);
       }
   } 

    public  void bgwDriveDetector_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
    {
        WqlEventQuery insertQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM __InstanceCreationEvent WITHIN 2 WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBHub'");

        ManagementEventWatcher insertWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(insertQuery);
        insertWatcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(DeviceInsertedEvent);
        insertWatcher.Start();

        WqlEventQuery removeQuery = new WqlEventQuery("SELECT * FROM __InstanceDeletionEvent WITHIN 2 WHERE TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBHub'");
        ManagementEventWatcher removeWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(removeQuery);
        removeWatcher.EventArrived += new EventArrivedEventHandler(DeviceRemovedEvent);
        removeWatcher.Start();
    }

}



class Class1
{
       private static void Main(string[] args)
      {
          usbState  usb= new usbState();



          BackgroundWorker bgwDriveDetector = new BackgroundWorker();
          bgwDriveDetector.DoWork += usb.bgwDriveDetector_DoWork;
          bgwDriveDetector.RunWorkerAsync();
          bgwDriveDetector.WorkerReportsProgress = true;
          bgwDriveDetector.WorkerSupportsCancellation = true;

         // System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(100000);
           Console.ReadKey();

       }





}

}