快速创建新的操作系统安装以进行软件测试
对于快速创建用于测试软件产品（需要硬件访问 - 完整 USB 端口访问）的映像，您有何建议？ 虚拟化涵盖了这一点吗？ 我需要能够快速重新映像系统以再次从头开始测试，并且需要适用于 Windows 和 Mac OS 的良好选项。
What do you recommend for quickly creating images for testing a software product (that needs hardware access - full USB port access)? Does virtualization cover this? I need to be able to quickly re-image the system to test from scratch again, and need good options for Windows and Mac OS.
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只要虚拟化仅支持 USB 访问，它就可能适合您。
VirtualBox 提供 USB 支持，可用于“私人使用或评估”或商业用途，并且可在 Win、Mac 和 Linux 上运行。 Linux 和 Mac 上的 USB 支持有些零星，并且并不适用于所有设备。 VBox支持快照。
VMWare 有一款名为 VMWare Server for Win and Linux 的免费产品，但我不确定他们的服务器产品中包含多少 USB 支持。 对于 Mac，有 VMWare Fusion，但不是免费提供的。 Fusion 应适用于大多数 USB 设备。 Windows 工作站产品更昂贵。 我认为所有这些都有一个试用版。 都做快照。
我不知道 Parallels (Mac) 对 USB 设备或快照的支持程度如何。
如果您可以承受重新映像之间的短暂停机时间，则不需要快照功能。 您可以关闭虚拟机，然后复制磁盘映像（只不过是一个或多个常规文件）并再次启动虚拟机。 快照可以更快地恢复（无需重新启动）。
Virtualization may work for you as long as it is only USB access.
VirtualBox is available with USB support either for "private use or evaluation" or commercially and works on Win, Mac and Linux. USB support on Linux and Mac is somewhat sporadical though and does not work with all devices. VBox supports snapshots.
VMWare has one free product called VMWare Server for Win and Linux but I'm not sure how far USB support is included in their server products. For Mac there is VMWare Fusion but that's not available for free. Fusion should work with most USB devices. Workstation products for Windows are more expensive. I think there is a trial version for all of them. All do snapshots.
I don't know how far Parallels (Mac) supports USB devices or snapshots.
You don't need snapshot functionality if you can afford some short downtime between re-imaging. You can shut down the VM and then just copy the disk image (which is nothing else but one or multiple regular files) and start the VM again. Snapshots can be reverted to a lot faster (without rebooting).
如果虚拟机适合您，您可以在 虚拟 PC、VMWare 和 VirtualBox。
Virtual PC 支持 Win 主机和 Win/linux 来宾。 尽管对于 X 分辨率支持有一些注意事项。
VMWare 支持 Win、OS X 和 Linux 主机。 它支持 Win 和 Linux 客户机。
VirtualBox 支持与 VMWare 相同的主机和来宾。
这三者都不支持 OS X 作为来宾正式支持。 原因是 OS X 仅授权用于 Apple 机器。 然而，有一些技巧允许在 VMWare 下安装 OS X。 尽管我还没有看到具体的说明，但也可以将其安装在 VirtualBox 或 Virtual PC 下。
如果虚拟化对您来说不够好，您可以使用预先创建的安装映像或磁盘映像程序。
对于预先创建的 Windows 安装映像，您可以使用 sysprep 工具（搜索 sysprep 或系统准备工具）。 我不知道 Apple 是否有适用于 OS X 的等效工具。
对于磁盘映像程序，我知道很多人都信赖 Symantec Ghost。 我个人没有使用过它，所以不能给你太多关于它的信息。 Wikipedia 上还有一个 磁盘映像程序列表，因此您也可以对它们进行评估。
希望有帮助。
If virtual machines will work for you, you can choose between Virtual PC, VMWare and VirtualBox.
Virtual PC supports Win host and Win/linux guests. Although there are some caveats with regards to the X resolution support.
VMWare supports Win, OS X and Linux host. It supports Win and Linux guests.
VirtualBox supports same hosts and guests as VMWare.
None of the three supports OS X as guest officially. The reason is that OS X is licensed only for Apple machines. However, there are some hacks that allow installing OS X under VMWare. It might be also possible to install it under VirtualBox or Virtual PC, although I have not seen specific instructions.
If virtualization is not good enough for you, you can use precreated installation images or a disk imaging program.
For precreated installation images for Windows, you can use the sysprep tool (search for sysprep or system preparation tool). I don't know if there are equivalent tools for OS X from Apple.
For disk imaging programs, I know quite a lot people swear by Symantec Ghost. I personally have not used it, so can't give you much info about it. There's also a list of disk imaging programs on Wikipedia, so you evaluate these as well.
Hope that helps.
虚拟化是否适合您取决于您实际需要多少直接访问权限。
但如果虚拟化有效，那么 vmware 就会为 Windows 和 Mac 提供支持快照功能的产品。
或者还有 VirtualBox，它可以在 Linux、Windows 和 Mac 上运行，也支持快照并且是免费的。
If virtualization is right for you depends on how much access direct access you actually need.
But if virtualization works then vmware offers products for Windows and Mac that support a Snapshot feature.
Or there's also VirtualBox which works on Linux, Windows and Mac, also supports snapshots and is free.
我使用 VMWare Player 来处理此类事情。 我还没有使用您讨论的访问类型对其进行测试（因为我主要执行应用程序而不是驱动程序级别的内容），但优点很多，特别是能够在关闭虚拟机时复制虚拟机以便稍后恢复到特定点（有点像穷人的快照）并且能够在不超出硬件预算的情况下拥有大量配置。
它确实提供了 USB 虚拟化，我认为这是提供完整设备访问的最佳选择。 我建议对其进行测试，因为如果它提供了您需要的硬件支持，那么出于给出的其他原因，它是一个非常好的解决方案。 我能想到的唯一与之匹配的其他（非虚拟机）建议是可以随意恢复的硬盘映像备份。
I use VMWare Player for this sort of stuff. I've not tested it with the sort of access you discuss (since I mostly do apps rather than driver-level stuff) but the advantages are many, specifically being able to copy the VM when it's shut down for later restore to a specific point (sort of a poor man's snapshot) and being able to have lots of configurations without blowing the hardware budget.
It certainly provides USB virtualization and I would say it's the best bet for providing the full device access. I would suggest testing it since, if it provides the hardware support you need, it's a very good solution for the other reasons given. The only other (non-VM) suggestion I can think of which would match it would be hard disk image backups which can be restored at will.
我使用过虚拟电脑 在 Windows 中非常适合这种事情，没有遇到任何问题。 它是免费的，这始终是一个额外的好处；o)
编辑：只需重新阅读问题 - 不确定它是否支持 USB。 不过应该勾选所有其他框
I've used Virtual PC heavily for this kind of thing in Windows, without ever hitting any issues. It's free, which is always a bonus ;o)
Edit: Just re-read the question - not sure that it has USB support. Should tick all the other boxes though
CloneZilla 是一种很棒的免费方法来重新映像机器。
CloneZilla is a great, free way to reimage machines.
有一次我在一家公司工作，我们需要针对操作系统、SP 以及我们的应用程序所依赖的其他一些库的各种版本组合来测试我们的软件。 对于每个单独的识别组合，我们在 Norton Ghost（DOS 版本）的帮助下创建了一个单独的分区映像。 所有图像都被放置到服务器上。 每当测试人员获得要测试的下一个版本的系统核心时，他们都会有条不紊地从所有适用的映像中恢复，安装应用程序，测试它并报告它。
这种方法虽然简单，但允许完全访问硬件，并为您提供 100% 的本机安装。
如今，我的私人电脑仍然使用这种方法。 我确信您可以尝试 Hyper-V 等最新成果。 我们现在在我工作的地方使用它。 当我们尝试安装 Team Foundation Server 时（这个过程远非易事），我们还必须在某个时候放弃该过程，只从映像恢复虚拟机，因为我们意识到在安装过程中犯了一些错误。 从概念上讲，相同的方法可以节省大量时间。 我不太确定虚拟 PC 在硬件访问方面的兼容性如何。
您可以尝试这两种方法。
PS 今天有两种 Ghost 产品，供企业使用的 Symantec Ghost（很好的老产品）和供家庭使用的 Norton Ghost（我认为是臃肿软件）。 如果您决定尝试此选项，我会推荐 Symantec Ghost（Ghost 解决方案套件的一部分）。
Once I worked for some company where we needed to test our software for various combinations of versions of OS, SPs and some other libraries which our application was dependent on. For each separate identified combination we had a separate partition image created with the help of Norton Ghost (DOS version). All images were put to a server. Whenever a tester got the next version of the system core to test, they would just methodically restore from all applicable images, install the application, test it and report it.
This approach though a straightforward one would allow full access to the hardware and will provide you with 100% native installation.
Nowadays, I still use this approach for my private PC. I'm sure you can try the latest achievements like Hyper-V. We use it nowadays where I work. When we tried to install Team Foundation Server (the process is far from being easy) we also had to drop the process at some point and just restore a virtual machine from an image because we realized we made a few mistakes during installation. Conceptually the same approach that saves a great deal of time. I'm not really sure though how compatible a virtual PC is in the sense of hardware access.
You can try both approaches.
P.S. Today there are two Ghost products, Symantec Ghost (good old one) for corporate use and Norton Ghost for home use (bloatware in my opinion). If you decide to try this option, I would recommend the Symantec Ghost (part of Ghost Solution Suite).
如果您不能只使用虚拟机并拍摄全新安装的快照，那么可以在真实硬件上进行全新安装并使用磁盘映像工具（我想到了 Ghost）。
如果成本是一个因素，那么有一些 Linux Live CD 可以满足您的需求。 这浮现在脑海中。 除非您有快速的网络和网络存储，否则将第二个磁盘放入计算机中并从第二个磁盘中获取映像； 定期进出网络的速度会很慢。 如果您使用的是 Linux live CD，那么您实际上可以将第二个磁盘设置为 EXT3，这样 Windows 就不会检测到它并分配驱动器号。
If you can't just use a virtual machine and take snapshots of the fresh install then do a fresh install onto real hardware and use a disk imaging tool (Ghost comes to mind).
If cost is a factor then there's a few Linux live CDs that will do what you want. This comes to mind. Put a second disk in the machine and image from the second disk unless you have fast networks and network storage; it's way to slow to go to and from the network regularly. If you're using a Linux live CD then you can actually set the second disk to EXT3 so Windows won't detect it and assign a drive letter too.
如果您有专用的测试工作站，那么我强烈推荐 Symantec Ghost。 只需让工作站进入干净状态，重新启动到 Ghost 并为硬盘或分区“拍摄快照”即可。 然后，您可以替换图像中的 HD 或分区，例如从 CD 或通过网络连接从另一台 PC 进行多播。
我已经使用它很多年了，甚至达到了（同时）自动构建 60 个测试工作站的程度。
If you have a dedicated workstation for testing then I would highly recommend Symantec Ghost. Simply get the workstation to the clean state, reboot to ghost and 'take a snapshot' of the HD or partition. You can then replace the HD or partition from the image say from CD or multicasted over a network connection from another PC.
I have used it for years now, even to the point of automating the build of 60 test workstations (at the same time).