为什么康威的生命游戏可以被归类为通用机器？
我最近在阅读有关人工生命的文章，并发现了这样的声明，“康威的生命游戏演示了足够复杂，可以被归类为通用机器。” 我对什么是通用机器只有粗略的了解机器是，维基百科只是让我尽可能接近理解维基百科。 我想知道是否有人可以解释一下这个非常性感的声明？
康威的生命游戏对我来说似乎是一种可爱的消遣，具有一些巨大的含义：我无法在计算器和计算器之间进行跳跃？ 这就是我应该做出的飞跃吗？
I was recently reading about artificial life and came across the statement, "Conway’s Game of Life demonstrates enough complexity to be classified as a universal machine." I only had a rough understanding of what a universal machine is, and Wikipedia only brought me as close to understanding as Wikipedia ever does. I wonder if anyone could shed some light on this very sexy statement?
Conway's Game of Life seems, to me, to be a lovely distraction with some tremendous implications: I can't make the leap between that and calculator? Is that even the leap that I should be making?
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Paul Rendell 在生活中实现了图灵机。 滑翔机代表信号，它们之间的交互是门和逻辑，它们一起可以创建实现图灵机的更大组件。
基本上，任何可以实现“与”、“或”和“非”的自动机器都可以以足够复杂的方式组合在一起，从而实现图灵完备。 这不是一种有用的计算方法，但它符合标准。
Paul Rendell implemented a Turing machine in Life. Gliders represent signals, and interactions between them are gates and logic that together can create larger components which implement the Turing machine.
Basically, any automatic machinery that can implement AND, OR, and NOT can be combined together in complex enough ways to be Turing-complete. It's not a useful way to compute, but it meets the criteria.
你可以从康威的生活中构建出一台图灵机 - 尽管这会非常可怕。
关键在于滑翔机（以及相关模式） - 它们沿着运动场（缓慢）移动，因此可以表示比特流（滑翔机的存在表示 1，不存在表示 0） 。 可以构建其他模式来接收两个滑翔机流（成直角）并发出与原始两个流的“与”/“或”等相对应的另一个比特流。
编辑：LogiCell 网站上有更多相关信息。
You can build a Turing machine out of Conway's life - although it would be pretty horrendous.
The key is in gliders (and related patterns) - these move (slowly) along the playing field, so can represent streams of bits (the presence of a glider for a 1 and the absence for a 0). Other patterns can be built to take in two streams of gliders (at right angles) and emit another stream of bits corresponding to the AND/OR/etc of the original two streams.
EDIT: There's more on this on the LogiCell web site.
康威的“生命”可以更进一步：不仅可以构建实现通用图灵机的生命模式，还可以构建冯诺依曼的“通用构造器：” http://conwaylife.com/wiki/Universal_constructor
由于“通用构造器”可以被编程来构造任何细胞模式，包括其自身的副本，Coway 的“生命”因此，它能够“自我复制”，而不仅仅是通用计算。
Conway's "Life" can be taken even further: It's not only possible to build a Life pattern that implements a Universal Turing Machine, but also a Von Neumann "Universal Constructor:" http://conwaylife.com/wiki/Universal_constructor
Since a "Universal Constructor" can be programmed to construct any pattern of cells, including a copy of itself, Coway's "Life" is therefore capable of "self-replication," not just Universal Computation.
我强烈推荐 Poundstone 的《递归宇宙》一书。 绝版了，但你也许可以在一个好的图书馆找到一本。 这几乎都是关于康威生命的力量，以及在具有这套自然法则的宇宙中可以存在的事物，包括自我复制实体和 IIRC（达尔文进化论）。
I highly recommend the book The Recursive Universe by Poundstone. Out of print, but you can probably find a copy, perhaps in a good library. It's almost all about the power of Conway's Life, and the things that can exist in a universe with that set of natural laws, including self-reproducing entities and IIRC, Darwinian evolution.
Paul Chapman 实际上用生命游戏构建了一个通用图灵机： http:// /www.igblan.free-online.co.uk/igblan/ca/ 通过构建“通用明斯基寄存器机”。
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And Paul Chapman actually build a universal turing machine with game of life: http://www.igblan.free-online.co.uk/igblan/ca/ by building a "Universal Minsky Register Machine".
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