如何获取Delphi程序使用的内存

Question

我知道如何使用 GlobalMemoryStatusEx 获取系统内存使用情况，但这告诉我整个操作系统正在使用什么。

我真的希望我的程序报告它单独分配和正在使用多少内存。

我的 Delphi 2009 程序中是否有任何方法可以调用 Windows 函数或某些 FastMM 函数来找出由我的程序单独分配的内存？

---

重新审视我的问题，我现在已将我接受的答案更改为 @apenwarr 的 GetMemoryManagerState 答案。 它产生的结果与我以前使用的 GetHeapStatus 函数（现已弃用）相同，而 GetProcessMemoryInfo.WorkingSetSize 给出了非常不同的结果。

Answer 1

您可以从 Delphi 运行时获取有用的内存使用信息，而无需使用任何直接的 Win32 调用：

unit X;

uses  FastMM4; //include this or method will return 0.
....

function GetMemoryUsed: UInt64;
var
  st: TMemoryManagerState;
  sb: TSmallBlockTypeState;
begin
  GetMemoryManagerState(st);
  result :=  st.TotalAllocatedMediumBlockSize
           + st.TotalAllocatedLargeBlockSize;
  for sb in st.SmallBlockTypeStates do begin
    result := result + sb.UseableBlockSize * sb.AllocatedBlockCount;
  end;
end;

此方法的最佳之处在于它是严格跟踪的：当您分配内存时，它会增加，而当您释放内存时，它会减少立即相同的金额。 我在运行每个单元测试之前和之后使用它，这样我就可以知道哪个测试正在泄漏内存（例如）。

Answer 2

来自旧博客我的帖子。

想知道您的程序使用了多少内存？ 这个 Delphi 函数就可以解决这个问题。

uses psAPI;

{...}

function CurrentProcessMemory: Cardinal;
var
  MemCounters: TProcessMemoryCounters;
begin
  MemCounters.cb := SizeOf(MemCounters);
  if GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess,
      @MemCounters,
      SizeOf(MemCounters)) then
    Result := MemCounters.WorkingSetSize
  else
    RaiseLastOSError;
end;

不确定我从哪里获得了这方面的基础知识，但我为其添加了一些更好的错误处理并使其成为一个函数。 WorkSetSize 是当前使用的内存量。 您可以使用类似的代码来获取当前进程（或任何进程）的其他值。 您需要在使用语句中包含 psAPI。

PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS 记录包括：

• PageFaultCount
• PeakWorkingSetSize
• WorkSetSize
• QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage
• QuotaPagedPoolUsage
• QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage
• QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage
• PagefileUsage
• PeakPagefileUsage

您可以在任务管理器或 Process Explorer 中找到所有这些值。

Answer 3

当您从 SourceForge 下载完整的 FastMM4 捆绑包时，您可以查看有关如何将 FastMM 与UsageTrackerDemo 项目一起使用的示例，该项目包含在演示中。

Answer 4

我编写了这个小函数来返回当前进程（应用程序）的内存使用情况：

function ProcessMemory: longint;
var
  pmc: PPROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS;
  cb: Integer;
begin
  // Get the used memory for the current process
  cb := SizeOf(TProcessMemoryCounters);
  GetMem(pmc, cb);
  pmc^.cb := cb;
  if GetProcessMemoryInfo(GetCurrentProcess(), pmc, cb) then
     Result:= Longint(pmc^.WorkingSetSize);

  FreeMem(pmc);
end;

Answer 5

将 Gant C ++ 代码转换为 Delphi 中的控制台应用程序：

    program MemoryProcessCMD;

    {* Based in Gant(https://stackoverflow.com/users/12460/gant) code*}


    {$APPTYPE CONSOLE}
    {$R *.res}

    uses
      System.SysUtils,
      psapi,
      Windows;

    procedure PrintMemoryInfo(processID: DWORD);
    var
      hProcess: THandle;
      pmc: PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS;
      total: DWORD;

    begin

      // Print the process identifier.
      Writeln(format('Process ID: %d', [processID]));

      // Print information about the memory usage of the process.
      hProcess := OpenProcess(PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION or PROCESS_VM_READ, FALSE,
        processID);

      if (hProcess = 0) then
      begin
        exit;
      end;

      if (GetProcessMemoryInfo(hProcess, @pmc, SizeOf(pmc))) then
      begin
        Writeln(format(#09'PageFaultCount: 0x%.8X', [pmc.PageFaultCount]));
        Writeln(format(#09'PeakWorkingSetSize: 0x%.8X', [pmc.PeakWorkingSetSize]));
        Writeln(format(#09'WorkingSetSize: 0x%.8X', [pmc.WorkingSetSize]));
        Writeln(format(#09'QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage: 0x%.8X',
          [pmc.QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'QuotaPagedPoolUsage: 0x%.8X',
          [pmc.QuotaPagedPoolUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%.8X',
          [pmc.QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%.8X',
          [pmc.QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'PagefileUsage: 0x%.8X', [pmc.PagefileUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'PeakPagefileUsage: 0x%.8X', [pmc.PeakPagefileUsage]));
        Writeln(format(#09'PagefileUsage: 0x%.8X', [pmc.PagefileUsage]));
      end;

      CloseHandle(hProcess);
    end;

    var
      aProcesses: array [0 .. 1024] of DWORD;
      cbNeeded, cProcesses: DWORD;
      i: Integer;

    begin
      try
        // Get the list of process identifiers.
        if (not EnumProcesses(@aProcesses, SizeOf(aProcesses), &cbNeeded)) then
          halt(1);

        // Calculate how many process identifiers were returned.
        cProcesses := cbNeeded div SizeOf(DWORD);

        // Print the memory usage for each process
        for i := 0 to cProcesses - 1 do
        begin
          PrintMemoryInfo(aProcesses[i]);
        end;
      except
        on E: Exception do
          Writeln(E.ClassName, ': ', E.Message);
      end;

    end.

Answer 6

对于Win32 API方式，您需要GetProcessMemoryInfo函数。 以下是 MSDN 页面 中的示例，但代码是C++的。 我想你也可以将它转换为Delphi。 您正在寻找的可能称为“工作集大小”。

#include <windows.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <psapi.h>

void PrintMemoryInfo( DWORD processID )
{
    HANDLE hProcess;
    PROCESS_MEMORY_COUNTERS pmc;

    // Print the process identifier.

    printf( "\nProcess ID: %u\n", processID );

    // Print information about the memory usage of the process.

    hProcess = OpenProcess(  PROCESS_QUERY_INFORMATION |
                                    PROCESS_VM_READ,
                                    FALSE, processID );
    if (NULL == hProcess)
        return;

    if ( GetProcessMemoryInfo( hProcess, &pmc, sizeof(pmc)) )
    {
        printf( "\tPageFaultCount: 0x%08X\n", pmc.PageFaultCount );
        printf( "\tPeakWorkingSetSize: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.PeakWorkingSetSize );
        printf( "\tWorkingSetSize: 0x%08X\n", pmc.WorkingSetSize );
        printf( "\tQuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.QuotaPeakPagedPoolUsage );
        printf( "\tQuotaPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.QuotaPagedPoolUsage );
        printf( "\tQuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.QuotaPeakNonPagedPoolUsage );
        printf( "\tQuotaNonPagedPoolUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.QuotaNonPagedPoolUsage );
        printf( "\tPagefileUsage: 0x%08X\n", pmc.PagefileUsage ); 
        printf( "\tPeakPagefileUsage: 0x%08X\n", 
                  pmc.PeakPagefileUsage );
    }

    CloseHandle( hProcess );
}

int main( )
{
    // Get the list of process identifiers.

    DWORD aProcesses[1024], cbNeeded, cProcesses;
    unsigned int i;

    if ( !EnumProcesses( aProcesses, sizeof(aProcesses), &cbNeeded ) )
        return 1;

    // Calculate how many process identifiers were returned.

    cProcesses = cbNeeded / sizeof(DWORD);

    // Print the memory usage for each process

    for ( i = 0; i < cProcesses; i++ )
        PrintMemoryInfo( aProcesses[i] );

    return 0;
}