避免在 bash 内置函数 let 中扩展 *

发布于 2024-07-10 15:06:05 字数 627 浏览 9 评论 0原文

我的 bash 脚本有问题。 我必须使用运算符 * 来进行乘法。 相反,脚本的扩展和使用脚本本身的名称作为操作符让我感到烦恼。 我尝试使用单引号,但它不起作用:( 这是代码

#!/bin/bash -x

# Bash script that calculates an arithmetic expression
# NO PRECEDENCE FOR OPERATORS
# Operators: + - * 

if [ "$#" -lt "3" ]
then 
    echo "Usage: ./calcola.scr <num> <op> <num> ..."
    exit 1
fi

result=0
op=+
j=0

for i in "$@"
do
    if [ "$j" -eq "0" ]
    then
        # first try
        #result=$(( $result $op $i )) 

        # second try
        let "result$op=$i"

        j=1
    else
        op=$i
        j=0
    fi
done

echo "Result is $result"

exit 0

I have a problem with a bash script. I have to use the operator * to multiplicate. Instead the script bugs me with expansion and using as operator the name of the script itself. I tried with single quotes but it doesn't work :( Here's the code

#!/bin/bash -x

# Bash script that calculates an arithmetic expression
# NO PRECEDENCE FOR OPERATORS
# Operators: + - * 

if [ "$#" -lt "3" ]
then 
    echo "Usage: ./calcola.scr <num> <op> <num> ..."
    exit 1
fi

result=0
op=+
j=0

for i in "$@"
do
    if [ "$j" -eq "0" ]
    then
        # first try
        #result=$(( $result $op $i )) 

        # second try
        let "result$op=$i"

        j=1
    else
        op=$i
        j=0
    fi
done

echo "Result is $result"

exit 0

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评论(3

垂暮老矣 2024-07-17 15:06:05

如果您的脚本根本不需要“*扩展”(通常称为“globbing”),只需以“-f”开头即可; 您还可以在运行时更改它:

mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
A B
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ set -f
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
*
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ set +f
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
A B

If you don't need "* expansion" (referred as "globbing" in general) at all for your script, just start it with "-f"; you can also change it during run time:

mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
A B
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ set -f
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
*
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ set +f
mat@owiowi:/tmp/test$ echo *
A B
忆悲凉 2024-07-17 15:06:05

如果“op”是“*”,那么在脚本看到它之前,它就会被 shell 扩展。 您需要为乘法运算符选择其他内容,例如“x”,或者强制用户通过将其放在单引号中或在其前面添加反斜杠来转义它。

如果练习的条款允许,也许您应该尝试使用“read”从标准输入获取表达式,而不是从命令行获取它们。

If "op" is "*", it will be expanded by the shell before your script even sees it. You need to choose something else for your multiplication operator, like "x", or force your users to escape it by putting it in single quotes or preceeding it with a backslash.

If the terms of the exercise allow it, maybe you should try using "read" to get the expression from standard input instead of getting them from the command line.

黯然 2024-07-17 15:06:05

它有效,只是您没有正确转义 * 。 尝试使用反斜杠:

$ ./calcola.scr 2 \* 3
+ '[' 3 -lt 3 ']'
+ result=0
+ op=+
+ j=0
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+ let result+=2
+ j=1
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 1 -eq 0 ']'
+ op='*'
+ j=0
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+ let 'result*=3'
+ j=1
+ echo 'Result is 6'
Result is 6
+ exit 0
$

虽然,正如 Paul Tomblin 提到的,使用 x 作为乘法运算符可能会更好。

It works, you're just not escaping the * correctly. Try using the backslash:

$ ./calcola.scr 2 \* 3
+ '[' 3 -lt 3 ']'
+ result=0
+ op=+
+ j=0
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+ let result+=2
+ j=1
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 1 -eq 0 ']'
+ op='*'
+ j=0
+ for i in '"$@"'
+ '[' 0 -eq 0 ']'
+ let 'result*=3'
+ j=1
+ echo 'Result is 6'
Result is 6
+ exit 0
$

Although, as Paul Tomblin mentioned, it would probably be better to use x as the multiplication operator instead.

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