如何从 JavaScript 关联数组中删除对象?
假设我有这样的代码:
var myArray = new Object();
myArray["firstname"] = "Bob";
myArray["lastname"] = "Smith";
myArray["age"] = 25;
现在如果我想删除“lastname”?....是否有相当于 myArray["lastname"].remove()
?
(我需要去掉元素,因为元素的数量很重要,而且我想保持干净。)
Suppose I have this code:
var myArray = new Object();
myArray["firstname"] = "Bob";
myArray["lastname"] = "Smith";
myArray["age"] = 25;
Now if I wanted to remove "lastname"?....is there some equivalent ofmyArray["lastname"].remove()
?
(I need the element gone because the number of elements is important and I want to keep things clean.)
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JavaScript 中的对象可以被视为关联数组,将键(属性)映射到值。
要从 JavaScript 中的对象中删除属性,您可以使用 < code>delete 运算符:
请注意,当
delete
应用于Array
,您将创建一个 稀疏填充数组(即缺少索引的数组)。在使用
Array
实例时,如果您不想创建稀疏填充的数组(而且您通常不会这样做),那么您应该使用Array#splice
或Array#pop
。请注意,JavaScript 中的
delete
运算符不会直接释放内存。 其目的是从对象中删除属性。 当然,如果被删除的属性保留了对对象o
的唯一剩余引用,则o
随后将以正常方式被垃圾收集。使用
delete
运算符可能会影响 JavaScript 引擎优化<的能力/a> 代码。Objects in JavaScript can be thought of as associative arrays, mapping keys (properties) to values.
To remove a property from an object in JavaScript you use the
delete
operator:Note that when
delete
is applied to an index property of anArray
, you will create a sparsely populated array (ie. an array with a missing index).When working with instances of
Array
, if you do not want to create a sparsely populated array - and you usually don't - then you should useArray#splice
orArray#pop
.Note that the
delete
operator in JavaScript does not directly free memory. Its purpose is to remove properties from objects. Of course, if a property being deleted holds the only remaining reference to an objecto
, theno
will subsequently be garbage collected in the normal way.Using the
delete
operator can affect JavaScript engines' ability to optimise code.JavaScript 中的所有对象都被实现为哈希表/关联数组。 因此,以下内容是等效的:
并且,如前所述,您可以通过
delete
关键字从对象中“删除”属性,您可以通过两种方式使用该属性:希望额外的信息有帮助.. 。
All objects in JavaScript are implemented as hashtables/associative arrays. So, the following are the equivalent:
And, as already indicated, you "remove" a property from an object via the
delete
keyword, which you can use in two ways:Hope the extra info helps...
前面的答案都没有解决 JavaScript 没有关联数组的事实 - 没有这样的
array
类型,请参阅typeof
。JavaScript 拥有的是具有动态属性的对象实例。 当属性与 Array 对象实例的元素混淆时,必然会发生 Bad Things™:
问题
解决方案
要拥有一个不会让您崩溃的通用删除函数,请使用:
None of the previous answers address the fact that JavaScript does not have associative arrays to begin with - there is no
array
type as such, seetypeof
.What JavaScript has, are object instances with dynamic properties. When properties are confused with elements of an Array object instance then Bad Things™ are bound to happen:
Problem
Solution
To have a universal removal function that does not blow up on you, use:
这只会删除对象,但仍保持数组长度相同。
要从数组中删除元素,您需要执行以下操作:
That only deletes the object, but it still keeps the array length the same.
To remove the element from the array, you need to do something like:
虽然接受的答案是正确的,但它缺少对其工作原理的解释。
首先,您的代码应该反映这样一个事实:这不是数组:
请注意,所有对象(包括
Array
)都可以这样使用。 但是,不要指望标准 JavaScript 数组函数(pop、push 等)能够作用于对象!正如接受的答案中所述,然后您可以使用
delete
从对象中删除条目:您应该决定您希望采取的路线 - 要么使用对象(关联数组/字典)或使用数组(地图) 。 切勿将两者混用。
While the accepted answer is correct, it is missing the explanation why it works.
First of all, your code should reflect the fact that this is not an array:
Note that all objects (including
Array
s) can be used this way. However, do not expect for standard JavaScript array functions (pop, push, etc.) to work on objects!As said in accepted answer, you can then use
delete
to remove the entries from objects:You should decide which route you wish to take - either use objects (associative arrays / dictionaries) or use arrays (maps). Never mix the two of them.
Airbnb 风格指南中有一种优雅的方法可以做到这一点 (ECMAScript 7):
版权所有:https://codeburst.io/use-es2015-object-rest-operator-to-omit-properties-38a3ecffe90
There is an elegant way in the Airbnb Style Guide to do this (ECMAScript 7):
Copyright: https://codeburst.io/use-es2015-object-rest-operator-to-omit-properties-38a3ecffe90
正如其他答案所指出的,您使用的不是 JavaScript 数组,而是 JavaScript 对象,它的工作方式几乎类似于其他语言中的关联数组,只不过所有键都转换为字符串。 新的 Map 将密钥存储为原始密钥类型。
如果您有一个数组而不是一个对象,则可以使用数组的 .filter 函数,返回一个新数组,其中不包含要删除的项目:
如果您有较旧的浏览器和 jQuery,则 jQuery 有一个
$.grep
方法的工作原理类似:As other answers have noted, you are not using a JavaScript array, but a JavaScript object, which works almost like an associative array in other languages except that all keys are converted to strings. The new Map stores keys as their original type.
If you had an array and not an object, you could use the array's .filter function, to return a new array without the item you want removed:
If you have an older browser and jQuery, jQuery has a
$.grep
method that works similarly:如果您想要更实用、更优雅的方法,可以执行以下操作:
请注意,如果对象中没有剩余项目,则
removed
的值将是未定义的。You can do the following if you want a more functional and elegant approach:
Note that the value of
removed
will be undefined if there are no items left in the object.通过使用
“delete”
关键字,它将从JavaScript中的数组中删除数组元素。例如,
考虑以下陈述。
代码的最后一行将从数组中删除键为“status”的数组元素。
By using the
"delete"
keyword, it will delete the array element from array in JavaScript.For example,
Consider following statements.
The last line of the code will remove the array element whose key is "status" from the array.
使用方法 splice 可以从对象数组中完全删除一个项目:
Use method
splice
to completely remove an item from an object array:对于“数组”:
如果您知道索引:
如果您知道值:
对于
删除
,得票最多的答案在对象的情况下效果很好但不适用于真正的数组。 如果我使用delete
,它会从循环中删除元素,但将元素保留为空
,并且数组的长度不会改变。 在某些情况下这可能会出现问题。例如,如果我在通过
delete
删除后对 myArray 执行 myArray.toString(),它会创建一个空条目,即,,
。For "Arrays":
If you know the index:
If you know the value:
The most upvoted answer for
delete
works well in case of objects but not for the real arrays. If I usedelete
it removes elements from loops but keeps the element asempty
and length of array wont change. This may be a problem in some scenarios.For example, if I do myArray.toString() on myArray after removal via
delete
, it creates an empty entry, i.e.,,
.如果您的项目中有 Underscore.js 依赖项,那就非常简单了 -
It's very straightforward if you have an Underscore.js dependency in your project -
对我来说唯一的工作方法:
用法:
The only working method for me:
Usage:
如果出于某种原因,删除键不起作用(就像它对我不起作用一样),您可以将其拼接出来,然后过滤未定义的值:
不要尝试链接它们,因为拼接返回删除的元素;
If, for whatever reason, the delete key is not working (like it wasn't working for me), you can splice it out and then filter the undefined values:
Don’t try and chain them since splice returns removed elements;
您可以通过显式将条目指定为“未定义”来从地图中删除条目。 就像你的情况一样:
You can remove an entry from your map by explicitly assigning it to 'undefined'. As in your case:
我们也可以将它用作函数。 如果用作原型,Angular 会引发一些错误。 谢谢@HarpyWar。 它帮助我解决了一个问题。
We can use it as a function too. Angular throws some error if used as a prototype. Thanks @HarpyWar. It helped me solve a problem.
您正在使用对象,并且一开始就没有关联数组。 对于关联数组,添加和删除项目如下所示:
You are using Object, and you don't have an associative array to begin with. With an associative array, adding and removing items goes like this:
没有循环/迭代我们得到相同的结果。
Without looping/iterates we get the same result.