什么是 LTS(长期支持)?

发布于 2024-07-08 13:09:59 字数 132 浏览 3 评论 0 原文

我在维基百科上查了一下,那里只有一行。 有人有更详细的描述吗? Ubuntu 用这个符号发布了他们的操作系统,但我无法找到它的含义/包含的详细描述。 我已经阅读了 Ubuntu 表示法,但需要更一般的描述,而不是 Ubuntu 是如何实现它的。

I looked it up in Wikipedia, and there is only one line there. Anyone have a more detailed description for it? Ubuntu releases their OS with this notation, but I was unable to find a detailed description over what it means/includes. I've already read the Ubuntu notation but need a more general description, not how Ubuntu has implemented it.

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百变从容 2024-07-15 13:09:59

在 Linux 世界中,LTS 和类似术语意味着发行版保持稳定。 这意味着:您将不会获得任何主要的功能升级(至少不会以任何方式破坏兼容性),但您将获得安全增强。 其中一个例子是 Red Hat Enterprise Server 或 CentOS,它们只有 PHP 5.1 并且没有升级到 5.2,但所有 5.2 安全升级都被向后移植。

可以这样想:如果您今天正在编写一个自定义软件(例如,一个非常特殊的 Apache 模块)并且该公司保证 5 年支持,这意味着您可以非常确定您的自定义软件在 5 年内仍然可以运行因为所有的接口和结构都将保持不变。

在 Windows 世界中,这并不那么严格,但类似。 Microsoft 支持 Windows NT 4 长达 10 年,直至 2006 年中或年底。那时它早已过时,已被 Windows 2000 和 XP/2003 取代,但因为公司要么还不想迁移,要么拥有定制软件不兼容,微软在此之前提供支持和(安全)升级。

如果您喜欢项目符号列表,长期支持意味着:

  • 稳定的接口和“系统核心”
  • 获得安全更新
  • (通常) 不添加或不添加太多新功能
  • 为公司在制定计划时提供安全性,正如他们所知:如果我们今天推出这个,它保证运行到日期 X。
  • 并非在所有情况下都可用。 如果您想要前沿技术,LTS 系统几乎肯定不适合您,但即使不是前沿技术也可能无法添加(即 Windows NT 从未获得真正的 USB 支持,RedHat/CentOS 运行 PHP 5.1 而不是 5.2,甚至几个月5.2.0 发布后)...
  • 关于长期支持涵盖的内容的确切定义因供应商而异,您需要在做出决定之前与他们核实

In the Linux World, LTS and similar terms mean that the distribution stays stable. That means: You will not get any major functional upgrades (at least none that break compatibility in any way), but you will get security enhancements. One example of this is Red Hat Enterprise Server or CentOS, which only had PHP 5.1 and were not upgraded to 5.2, yet all 5.2 security upgrades were backported.

Think of it like this: If you are writing a custom piece of Software (say, a very special Apache module) today and the company guarantees 5 year support, that means that you can be very sure that your custom software still runs in 5 years because all of the interfaces and structures will remain the same.

In the Windows World, this is not as strict but similar. Microsoft supported Windows NT 4 for 10 Years, up to middle or end of 2006. It was long obsolete by then, having been succeeded by both Windows 2000 and XP/2003, but because companies either did not want to migrate yet or had custom software that is not compatible, Microsoft provided support and (security) upgrades until then.

If you like bulleted lists, long term support means:

  • Stable Interfaces and "System Core"
  • Gets Security updates
  • (Usually) no or not much new functionality is added
  • Gives companies safety when making plans, as they know: If we launch this today, it is guaranteed to run until Date X.
  • Not usable in all situations. If you want bleeding edge, LTS Systems are almost certainly not for you, but even technology that is not that bleeding edge may not be added (i.e. Windows NT never got real USB Support, RedHat/CentOS ran PHP 5.1 instead of 5.2, even months after 5.2.0 was released)...
  • The exact definition about what Long Term Support covers varies from vendor to vendor, you want to check with them before making a decision
花辞树 2024-07-15 13:09:59

来自 Ubuntu Wiki:

LTS 是“长期”的缩写
支持”。

我们发布了新的桌面和服务器
每六个月发布一次。 这意味着
你将永远拥有最新的和
开放的最伟大的应用程序
源世界必须提供。

Ubuntu 的设计考虑了安全性
头脑。 您可以获得免费的安全更新
在桌面上使用至少 18 个月
和服务器。

凭借长期支持 (LTS)
您获得三年支持的版本
台式机,五年
服务器。 不收取额外费用
LTS 版本,我们尽力而为
每个人都可以在同一时间进行工作
免费条款。 升级到新版本
Ubuntu 是并且永远是免费的
收费。

From the Ubuntu Wiki:

LTS is an abbreviation for “Long Term
Support”.

We issue a new desktop and server
release every six months. That means
you'll always have the latest and
greatest applications that the open
source world has to offer.

Ubuntu is designed with security in
mind. You get free security updates
for at least 18 months on the desktop
and server.

With the Long Term Support (LTS)
version you get three years support on
the desktop, and five years on the
server. There is no extra fee for the
LTS version, we make our very best
work available to everyone on the same
free terms. Upgrades to new versions
of Ubuntu are and always will be free
of charge.

暖伴 2024-07-15 13:09:59

我不相信“LTS”有任何一般定义,所以任何答案都必须关注 Ubuntu 的“长期支持”的含义

但是,只需添加 xsl 的答案,使用 LTS 版本让您有信心部署将定期修补但不需要升级整个操作系统的服务器。

此外,非 LTS Ubuntu 升级需要按顺序进行,即从 7.10 升级到 8.10,首先需要升级到 8.04

对于 LTS 版本,从一个 LTS 版本到下一个 LTS 版本有明确的升级路径,即从 6.06 可以直接升级到 8.04

I don't believe "LTS" has any general definition, so any answer will have to focus on what Ubuntu mean by "Long Term Support"

But, just to add xsl's answer, using the LTS versions on servers allows you to have some confidence you can deploy servers which are going to be regularly patched but will not need upgrades of the entire OS.

Also, non-LTS Ubuntu upgrades need to be carried out in sequence, i.e. to go from 7.10 to 8.10, you would first need to upgrade to 8.04

With the LTS releases, there is a clear upgrade path from one LTS release to the next, i.e. from 6.06 you can go straight to 8.04

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