如何在 Perl 哈希表中存储多个值？

Question

直到最近，我一直将多个值存储到具有相同键的不同哈希中，如下所示：

%boss = (
    "Allan"  => "George",
    "Bob"    => "George",
    "George" => "lisa" );

%status = (
    "Allan"  => "Contractor",
    "Bob"    => "Part-time",
    "George" => "Full-time" );

然后我可以引用 $boss("Bob") 和 $status("Bob" ) 但如果每个键可以拥有很多属性，并且我必须担心保持哈希值同步，这会变得很笨拙。

有没有更好的方法在哈希中存储多个值？ 我可以将值存储为，

        "Bob" => "George:Part-time"

然后用 split 分解字符串，但必须有一种更优雅的方法。

Answer 1

这是标准方法，按照perldoc perldsc。

~> more test.pl
%chums = ( "Allan" => {"Boss" => "George", "Status" => "Contractor"},
           "Bob" => {"Boss" => "Peter", "Status" => "Part-time"} );

print $chums{"Allan"}{"Boss"}."\n";
print $chums{"Bob"}{"Boss"}."\n";
print $chums{"Bob"}{"Status"}."\n";
$chums{"Bob"}{"Wife"} = "Pam";
print $chums{"Bob"}{"Wife"}."\n";

~> perl test.pl
George
Peter
Part-time
Pam

Answer 2

哈希值的哈希值是您明确要求的。 Perl 文档中有一个教程风格的文档部分涵盖了这一点： Data Structure Cookbook 但是也许你应该考虑面向对象。 这是面向对象编程教程的典型示例。

像这样的事情怎么样：

#!/usr/bin/perl
package Employee;
use Moose;
has 'name' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str' );

# should really use a Status class
has 'status' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str' );

has 'superior' => (
  is      => 'rw',
  isa     => 'Employee',
  default => undef,
);

###############
package main;
use strict;
use warnings;

my %employees; # maybe use a class for this, too

$employees{George} = Employee->new(
  name   => 'George',
  status => 'Boss',
);

$employees{Allan} = Employee->new(
  name     => 'Allan',
  status   => 'Contractor',
  superior => $employees{George},
);

print $employees{Allan}->superior->name, "\n";

Answer 3

哈希可以包含其他哈希或数组。 如果您想按名称引用属性，请将它们存储为每个键的哈希值，否则将它们存储为每个键的数组。

有一个语法参考。

Answer 4

my %employees = (
    "Allan" => { "Boss" => "George", "Status" => "Contractor" },
);

print $employees{"Allan"}{"Boss"}, "\n";

Answer 5

%chums = ( "Allan" => {"Boss" => "George", "Status" => "Contractor"},
“鲍勃”=> {“老板”=> “彼得”，“状态”=> “兼职”} ）;

效果很好，但是有没有更快的方法来输入数据？

我正在考虑类似

%chums = (qw, x)( Allan Boss George Status Contractor Bob Boss Peter Status Part-time)

其中 x = 主键之后的辅助键数量，在本例中 x = 2，“Boss ”和“状态”