轻量级 X 窗口管理器/环境
我的机器动力严重不足，我想我需要开始节省每个备用周期。 我知道我的 Gnome 环境与我同事的 KDE 设置相比似乎表现不佳。 但如果我要做出这么大的改变，我不妨考虑运行更轻的东西。
是否有可能在轻量级窗口管理器上生存并仍然运行现代应用程序（Firefox、Eclipse、OpenOffice）？ 有哪些适合我尝试的候选窗口管理器？我需要了解什么？
My machine is seriously underpowered, and I think I need to start conserving every spare cycle. I know that my Gnome environment seems to underperform compared to my coworkers' KDE setups. But if I'm going to make that big of a switch, I might as well consider running something even lighter.
Is it possible to survive on a lightweight window manager and still run modern apps (Firefox, Eclipse, OpenOffice)? What's a good candidate window manager for me to try, and what do I need to know?
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我喜欢 XMonad。 它非常稳定，开销非常低，并且拥有活跃的用户/开发人员社区。
XMonad 几乎与ratpoison 一样最小，但它通过平铺显示多个窗口，如果您确实需要它们甚至允许浮动窗口（例如用于模态对话或GIMP）。 它确实给了我动力不足的 Ubuntu 盒子带来了新的生命！
编辑：我忘了提及：XMonad 是基于键盘的而不是 point'n'grunt，所以有一点学习曲线，但是一旦我掌握了它的窍门，我发现我已经掌握了很多更有成效。
I like XMonad. It's very stable, has very low overheads, and has an active user/developer community.
XMonad is almost as minimal as ratpoison, but it displays multiple windows by tiling them, and even allows floating windows if you really need them (e.g. for modal dialogues or GIMP). It's certainly given my underpowered Ubuntu box a new lease of life!
Edit: I forgot to mention: XMonad is keyboard-based rather than point'n'grunt, so there's a bit of a learning curve, but once I got the hang of it I found that I was much more productive.
下面列出的窗口管理器都采用轻量级且快速的方法。
它们比 KDE 或 Gnome 等成熟的窗口管理器更快，并减少了大多数视觉干扰。 您选择哪一个主要取决于您自己的品味以及您可以运行的内容。
这些窗口管理器有一个子系列，特别是那些试图让您通过键盘完成所有操作并让您以最小的屏幕空间浪费平铺应用程序的窗口管理器。 如果您来自面向鼠标的窗口管理器，这些可能会让人觉得很有趣。 XMonad 和ratpoison 都是这个家族的成员。
The window managers listed below all subscribe to the lightweight and fast approach.
They are faster than fully fledged window managers like KDE or Gnome and trim down on most visual distractions. Which one you pick will be mostly determined by your own taste and what you can get to run.
There's a subfamily of these window managers, notably those which attempt to let you do everything by keyboard and let you tile your applications with minimal screen real estate waste. These can feel funny if you come from mouse-oriented window managers. XMonad and ratpoison are members of this family.
多年来，我已经降低了机器的 WM 级别。 由于更主流的 WM（例如 Gnome 或 KDE）变得越来越需要资源，所以没过多久，我就在笔记本电脑和台式电脑上用 XFCE 取代了 Gnome。
事实上，我使用 XFCE 的时间比任何其他 WM 都长。 在我看来，第一次看到 Gnome 和 KDE 等东西时，它们的美妙之处似乎很棒，但在使用了几周和几个月后，新鲜感就会消失，回到过去更有意义。更加精简的环境。
XFCE 的问题是，它不像我仍然拥有的一些旧笔记本电脑所需要的那样轻量。 我决定在这些上使用LXDE，说实话，我对此又爱又恨。 它工作很好，从某种意义上说，它非常资源友好，并且登录速度很快，等等。但某些事情似乎工作得不太好。 其中之一是任务栏。 似乎有些图标不合适，因为它们是为 Gnome 或 XFCE 等设计的。 图标仍然有效，但要让整个 LXDE 体验看起来像这样几乎是不可能的。
Over the years, I've downgraded the WMs of my machines. Since the more mainstream WMs, like Gnome or KDE become more and more resource hungry, it wasn't long, before I replaced Gnome with XFCE on laptops and desktop computers.
In fact, I've been using XFCE longer than any other WM. It seems to me, as if the niceties of things like Gnome and KDE are great when seeing them for the first time, but after using them for a few weeks and months, the novelty wears off, and it makes more sense to go back to a more streamlined environment.
The problem with XFCE is, that it's not as lightweitght as it needs to be for some of the older laptops I still have. I decided to use LXDE on those, and to be honest, I kinda have a love/hate relationship with that. It works fine, in the sense that it's quite resource friendly, and it's quick to log in, etc. But certain things don't seem to work that well. One of which is the task bar. It seems some of the icons don't fit, because they were designed for things like Gnome or XFCE. The icons still do work, but it's next to impossible to make the whole LXDE experience look the part.
Blackbox（+ bbkeys）有点奇怪，但非常好。 您还可以查看窗口管理器的比较表。
Blackbox (+ bbkeys) is a little bit weird, but pretty nice thing. Also you can check the comparison table of window managers.
我自己已经使用“lwm”或轻量级窗口管理器有一段时间了，并且对它非常满意。 我将它与 xfce4-panel 一起使用，用于时钟和更好的窗口操作。 Lwm 确实是轻量级的，甚至比 xfce、icewm、pekwm 等还要轻。
I myself have used 'lwm' or lightweight window manager for quite a while now and have been very happy with it. I use it with xfce4-panel which I use for a clock and better window manipulation. Lwm is truly light weight even more than xfce, icewm, pekwm and others.
我曾经用过所有的东西，但我总是回到 WindowMaker。 我喜欢剪辑的概念、多个工作区（我为每种类型的任务保留一个工作区）以及它看起来不错的主题，而且主题非常简单。
Docker 是添加到桌面以将 nm-applet 和其他小程序保留在 WindowMaker 扩展坞中的必备应用程序。
不要以默认主题来判断它。 使用 Wprefs 工具根据您的喜好对其进行自定义。
干杯
公斤
I've used everything at one time or another, but I keep coming back to WindowMaker. I like the concept of the clip, the multiple workspaces (I keep one for each type of task) and the fact that it looks good with theming that is ridiculously easy.
Docker is an essential app to add to the desktop to keep nm-applet and other applets in the WindowMaker dock.
Don't judge it by the default theme. Use the Wprefs tool to customize it to your liking.
Cheers
KG
我推荐 openbox。 它重量轻，可配置性强，并且运行良好且不会妨碍。 非常实用，几乎可以做任何你想做的事情。 我喜欢它。
I'd recommend openbox. Its lightweight, very configurable, and works great without getting in the way. Very functional, and can do pretty much anything you want. I love it.
我尝试 PekWM 一段时间。 我真的很喜欢它。 它允许我对相同类型的程序进行分组，例如：终端。
I tried PekWM for some time. I really liked it. It allowed me to group programs of the same type, for example: Terminals.
您应该做的第一件事是构建您自己的内核，只使用您需要的东西。 这将节省大量资源。
然后，选择一个轻量级的WM。 我发现 Enlightenment 非常轻松且很棒，请尝试一下。
稍后，您应该寻找您使用的应用程序的轻量级替代品。
您可以用 Abiword、Gnumeric 替换 OpenOffice。
只要谷歌一下，你就会找到那些 ram-eater 软件的非常好的替代品。
我建议避免使用 Java 软件，它们在低资源 PC 上运行速度非常慢。
另外，检查您的电脑上当前正在运行的服务，并禁用您不使用的服务。
考虑将当前发行版更改为低资源发行版。 我发现 Debian 非常可定制且轻量级。
祝你好运！
The first thing you should would be to build your own kernel, with just the things you need. That will save tons of resources.
Then, choose a lightweight WM. Ive found Enlightenment very light and awesome, give it a try.
Later, you should look for lightweight replacements of the apps you use.
You can replace OpenOffice with Abiword, Gnumeric.
Just google, and you will find very nice alternatives to those ram-eater software.
The thing I would recommend will be to avoid Java software, they'll run VERY slow on a low resources PC.
Also, check for the services that are currently running on your PC, and disable the ones you don't use.
Consider changing your current distro for a low resources distro. I found Debian very customizable and lightweight.
Good Luck!
Icewm 相当不错且精简（在动力不足的机器上使用了一段时间，但在机器升级后转移到 KDE）。
Icewm is quite nice and lean (used it for a while on an underpowered box but moved to KDE when the box was upgraded).
Fluxbox 是一个很好的替代品，而且非常轻量。
http://www.fluxbox.org/
Fluxbox is a good alternative and very lightweight.
http://www.fluxbox.org/
我使用 FVWM 已有 7 年了。 大多数 WM 基于 FVWM，但剥夺了 FVWM 的任何灵活性。
FVWM 只是 Xlib 的“接口”，因此它为您带来了 Xlib 中的所有内容。
如果您想要当前流行的平铺 - 只需： FvwmPiazza::Tiler
Google for
~ /.fvwm/config因为从头开始太难了，我从这个好的开始： http://zensites.net/fvwm/guide/另请参阅：
I use FVWM for 7 years. Most of WM based on FVWM, but strip any flexibility of FVWM.
FVWM is just "interface" to Xlib so it bring to you all what in
Xlib.If you want currently popular tiling - just: FvwmPiazza::Tiler
Google for
~/.fvwm/configas get own from scratch is too difficult, this good one from which I started: http://zensites.net/fvwm/guide/Also look to:
我会选择 xfce，它可能是最流行的轻量级 WM（可能是因为它包含在 Xubuntu）。 我在 Fluxbox 方面也获得了很好的体验（当我将其用作轻量级时，它与 Damn Small Linux 一起提供） Linux VM（当时 VM 速度很慢:-)）。
迁移到这些更轻量级的 WM 时，肯定需要考虑一个易于使用的学习曲线，但在较旧的硬件上不难看到性能优势（菜单立即出现，导航非常快捷）。
I'll second xfce, it's probably the most popular of the lightweight WM's out there (perhaps due to its inclusion in Xubuntu). I've also had good experiences with Fluxbox (it came with Damn Small Linux when I used that as a lightweight Linux VM (back when VMs were slow :-) ).
There is definitely an ease-of-use learning curve to reckon with when migrating to these more lightweight WMs, but the performance benefits aren't hard to see on older hardware (menus appear instantly, navigation is pretty snappy).
我使用了 Fluxbox 很长一段时间，这对于习惯于在 KDE、Gnome 等中让窗口浮动的人来说非常有用它非常小，非常快并且高度可配置，而且它看起来不像其他一些“极简主义”窗口管理器那么难看。 ;)
几周前，我切换到 awesome 因为我喜欢它高效地放置和调整窗口大小。 它对我来说是完美的，因为我几乎总是在一个屏幕上有一个全屏终端，在另一个屏幕上有一个浏览器。 它还支持混合窗口样式，因此您可以在一个屏幕上通过很棒的浮动窗口管理窗口（例如，我几乎总是打开一个托管全屏 urxvt 并在其中一个角落有一个小的浮动 mplayer 窗口）。 它与 Fluxbox 一样轻量，甚至更快，但没有提供那么多用于自定义外观和感觉的选项。
I used Fluxbox for a long time, which is great for people used to having windows floating around like in KDE, Gnome etc. It's pretty small, pretty fast and highly configurable, plus it doesn't look as ugly as some other "minimalist" window managers. ;)
A few weeks ago I switched to awesome because I like how efficiently it places and resizes my windows. It's perfect for me since I almost always have just a full screen terminal on one screen and a browser on another screen. It also supports mixed window styles, so you can have windows managed by awesome and floating windows on one screen (e.g. I have almost always a managed full screen urxvt open and a small floating mplayer window in one of the corners). It's as lightweight as fluxbox, if not even faster, but doesn't offer as many options for customizing the look and feel.
Enlightenment (v16) 与现在的 gnome/kde 相比实际上非常轻量，并且它非常可配置（尽管没有什么）似乎与 fvwm 一样可配置）Florian 的建议都很好，但如果你'如果你习惯了 gnome/kde，那么你可能不会喜欢ratpoison/xmonad。
Enlightenment (v16) is actually very lightweight compared to gnome/kde these days, and it is very configurable (although, nothing seems to be as configurable as fvwm) Florian's suggestions are all good, but if you're used to gnome/kde, then you probably won't like ratpoison / xmonad.
多年来，icewm 对我很有帮助。 我不需要大型台式机提供的大部分垃圾，但我确实喜欢在底部的栏中运行时钟和 CPU 使用情况监视器 -icewm 确实有这些。 它的手感明显比流行的台式机轻。 没有诸如瓷砖窗户或防鼠态度之类的奇怪现象。 自定义根菜单也很容易，比在 KDE 或 Gnome 中这样做要容易得多，我从来没有充分弄清楚这一点。 在我工作的一个地方，系统管理员看到了我的屏幕并决定尝试一下。 AFIK，他还在用它。
icewm has done me good for several years. I don't need most of the crap that the big-time desktops offer, but i do like a clock and CPU usage monitor running in the bar along the bottom - icewm does have these. It is noticeably lighter in feel than the popular desktops. No weirdness such as tiled windows or anti-mouse attitude. Customizing the root menu is also easy, much easier than doing so in KDE or Gnome, which i never did figure out adequately. At one place i worked, the sysadmin saw my screen and decided to give it a try. AFIK, he's still using it.
我也在用fluxbox。 与桌面环境相比，仅使用窗口管理器并不方便。 您自己选择每个组件，这既是优点也是缺点。 ROX 文件管理器和 usbmount 是 Fluxbox 的绝佳伴侣。 另外，请花点时间寻找一些可能有用的停靠应用程序。
I am using fluxbox too. Compared to a desktop envionment, using only a window manager is not as convenient. You choose every component yourself which is both a strength and a weakness. ROX file manager and usbmount are great companions to fluxbox. Also take your time to find some dockapps that may be useful.