如何在 Gentoo 2008 中安装屏蔽包？
我搜索了网络和手册，但我只知道什么是屏蔽包，而不知道如何安装它。 我确实找到了一些命令，但它们似乎在 2008 上不起作用（看了一下，这些似乎是针对早期版本的）。 我有这样的事情：
localhost ~ # emerge flamerobin
Calculating dependencies
!!! All ebuilds that could satisfy "dev-db/flamerobin" have been masked.
!!! One of the following masked packages is required to complete your request:
- dev-db/flamerobin-0.8.6 (masked by: ~x86 keyword)
- dev-db/flamerobin-0.8.3 (masked by: ~x86 keyword)
我想安装版本 0.8.6，但不知道如何？ 我找到了一些说明，但它们告诉我编辑或写入 /etc/portage 下的一些文件。 但是，我的系统上没有 /etc/portage：
localhost ~ # ls /etc/portage
ls: cannot access /etc/portage: No such file or directory
I searched the net and handbook, but I only managed to learn what is the masked package, and not how to install it. I did find some commands, but they don't seem to work on 2008 (looking at it, it seems those are for earlier versions). I have something like this:
localhost ~ # emerge flamerobin
Calculating dependencies
!!! All ebuilds that could satisfy "dev-db/flamerobin" have been masked.
!!! One of the following masked packages is required to complete your request:
- dev-db/flamerobin-0.8.6 (masked by: ~x86 keyword)
- dev-db/flamerobin-0.8.3 (masked by: ~x86 keyword)
I would like to install version 0.8.6, but don't know how? I found some instructions, but they tell me to edit or write to some files under /etc/portage. However, I don't have /etc/portage on my system:
localhost ~ # ls /etc/portage
ls: cannot access /etc/portage: No such file or directory
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gentoo 中有两种不同类型的掩码。 关键字掩码和包掩码。 关键字掩码意味着该包要么不受您的体系结构支持（或未经测试），要么仍在测试中。 包掩码意味着该包由于其他原因而被屏蔽（对于大多数用户来说，取消屏蔽并不明智）。 解决方案是：
/etc/portage/package.keywords中添加一行（检查package.keywords部分中的man portage）。 这是针对关键字问题的。/etc/portage/package.unmask中添加一行以解决“package.mask”问题（您也可以使用 package.mask 进行相反的操作）。 它位于同一个 man 文件中的package.unmask部分下。 我建议在这里使用版本化的原子，以避免几个月后真正损坏的未来版本搬起石头砸自己的脚。There are two different kinds of masks in gentoo. Keyword masks and package masks. A keyword mask means that the package is either not supported (or untested) by your architecture, or still in testing. A package mask means that the package is masked for another reason (and for most users it is not smart to unmask). The solutions are:
/etc/portage/package.keywords(Checkman portagein thepackage.keywordssection). This is for the keyword problems./etc/portage/package.unmaskfor "package.mask" problems (you can also use package.mask for the converse). This is in the same man file, under the sectionpackage.unmask. I advise to use versioned atoms here to avoid shooting in your own foot with really broken future versions a couple of months down the line.如今，还有一种更加“自动化”的解决方案，称为“autounmask”。 无需再编辑文件即可取消屏蔽！
该包的最大好处是，如果需要，它还可以揭开/处理依赖项的关键字。 它在 app-portage/autounmask 包中提供。
/etc/portage/package.keywords 和
/etc/portage/package.unmask
如今也可以是目录（但 autounmask 也可以处理单个文件）。 在这些目录中，多个可以放置多个“autounmask”文件，每个“unmask”包的每个目录中有一个文件。 如果您使用单个文件而不是目录，“autounmask”将放置某种页眉/页脚，这样，如果需要，可以轻松删除“unmasks”。
These days there's also a more 'automated' solution, called "autounmask". No more file editing needed to unmask!
The great benefit of the package is, it also unmasks / handles keywords of dependencies if needed. It's provided in the package app-portage/autounmask.
/etc/portage/package.keywords and
/etc/portage/package.unmask
can be directories as well nowadays (but autounmask handles single files as well). In those directories, multiple can place multiple "autounmask" files, one file in each dir per "unmask"-package. If you use single files instead of dirs, 'autounmask' will place some kind of header / footer, and this way it becomes easy to remove "unmasks" if wanted.
只需 mkdir /etc/portage 并按照此处所述进行编辑： http://gentoo-wiki.com/TIP_Dealing_with_masked_packages#但是无论如何你都想安装这个包...
Simply mkdir /etc/portage and edit as mentioned here: http://gentoo-wiki.com/TIP_Dealing_with_masked_packages#But_you_want_to_install_the_package_anyway...