基于 Linux 的域管理解决方案?
使用 Windows Server 系列的任何成员,我可以设置一个活动目录,并为大规模计算机提供一个用户池; 可以授予/删除给定域中任何共享资源的访问权限(包括对客户端计算机的访问权限等)。
使用 Linux 管理多用户、多计算机环境有哪些类似(且广泛)的解决方案? 它们的优点/缺点是什么? 它们如何与 Windows 互操作?
Using any member of the Windows Server family, I can set up an active directory, and have a single pool of users for a large scale of computers; access can be given / removed for any shared resources in the given domain (including access to client computers, etc).
What similar (and widespread) solutions exist for managing a multi-user, multi-computer environment using Linux? What are their advantages/disadvantages? And how can they interoperate with Windows?
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Joe:我认为 NIS 现在被认为是遗留的 Unix 东西。 我不会向任何新部署的人推荐它。
在我工作的公司,我们为 LDAP 目录和 Kerberos KDC 运行 Apple 的 Open Directory。 您可以使用 Red Hat 的目录服务器(上面 Jay 提到的)或 Apache Directory 之类的东西来实现同样的事情。
虽然 LDAP 和 Kerberos 一开始可能会让人望而生畏,而且使用起来也有点困难,但我认为这种努力是非常值得的。 您可以轻松地将两者缩放到您需要的任何大小。
对于 Windows 端,您可以将 Samba 连接到 LDAP 并根据它验证您的 Windows 客户端。
Joe: I think NIS is considered legacy Unix stuff these days. I wouldn't recommend it to anyone on a new deployment.
At the company where I work, we run Apple's Open Directory for our LDAP directory and Kerberos KDC. You can achieve the same thing using Red Hat's directory server (mentioned by Jay above), or something like Apache Directory.
While LDAP and Kerberos can be daunting at first, and a bit challenging to get working, I think the effort is quite worthwhile. You can easily scale both up to whatever size you need.
For the Windows end of things, you can hook Samba in to LDAP and authenticate your Windows clients against that.
不确定这是否是您的想法,但 Linux w/Samba 可以充当 Windows 桌面的域控制器。 例如,请参阅 HowToForge 上的适用于小型工作组的 SAMBA(域控制器)服务器。 这适用于文件/打印共享等。
对于更类似于 Microsoft 的 Active Directory 的内容,您可以查看 Red Hat Directory服务器:
如果担心成本,可以选择 Fedora Directory Server 版本,它是免费的社区版本。
另一个潜在的产品是 Sun 的 OpenDS 项目:
Not sure if this is what you had in mind, but Linux w/Samba can act as a domain controller for Windows desktops. For example, see SAMBA (Domain Controller) Server For Small Workgroups at HowToForge. This works for file/print sharing etc.
For something more akin to Microsoft's Active Directory, you might check out Red Hat Directory Server:
If cost is a concern, there's a Fedora Directory Server version that's the community version for free.
Another potential offering would be Sun's OpenDS project:
Samba 提供与 Windows 域控制器的互操作性。 在版本 3 中,它可以充当主域控制器。 据我了解,版本 4 将改进对 ActiveDirectory 的支持。
Samba provides interoperability with Windows domain controllers. With version 3 it can act as a primary domain controller. From what I read, version 4 will improve support for ActiveDirectory.
据称,Linux 计算机可以使用 Likewise Open 连接到 Active Directory 域。 即使用Active Directory 凭据进行身份验证和访问控制。
我自己曾短暂尝试过,但没有运气(最终无意中使我的桌面系统成为域控制器,并且不得不让网络管理员重新分配它!)。 可能只是需要更好地阅读文档......
Supposedly Linux computers can use Likewise Open to connect to Active Directory Domains. i.e. use the Active Directory credentials for authentication and access control.
I have tried it briefly myself and had no luck though (ended up inadvertently making my desktop system a domain controller and had to get network admins to reassign it!). Probably just needed to read the docs a bit better...
Linux 服务器可以配置为参与 NIS 域,您应该在构建服务器时通常会提示进行此类设置。 NIS 很像 Active Directory,提供跨多个设备的通用身份和身份验证。 您还可以将主目录配置为从公共 NFS 共享挂载,以便身份和工作环境随用户从一个机器移动到另一个机器。
我从用户/技术主管方面经历过这一点,希望 Linux 管理员能够提供有关如何做到这一点以及在哪里可以找到资源的进一步指导。
Linux servers can be configured to participate in NIS domains, you should typically be prompted for this kind of setup when building the server. NIS is a lot like Active Directory, providing common identity and authentication across many boxes. You can also configure home directories to be mounted off a common NFS share so that identity and working environment move with the user from box to box.
I have experienced this from the user/tech-lead side of things, hopefully a Linux admin can provide further pointers on how to do it and where to find resources.
LDAP 显然是正确的选择。 例如,请参阅OpenLDAP 软件 2.4 管理员指南。
我的博客(法语)上有一个在 Linux 和 FreeBSD 上使用 LDAP 设置用户身份验证的示例,Comptes Unix stockés sur LDAP。
LDAP is clearly the way to go. See for instance OpenLDAP Software 2.4 Administrator's Guide.
An example of setting up user authentication with LDAP on Linux and FreeBSD is on my blog (in french), Comptes Unix stockés sur LDAP.