如何转储一些SQLite3表的数据?
如何转储数据库的某些 SQLite3 表(不是所有表)的数据,并且仅转储数据,而不转储架构? 转储应该采用 SQL 格式,因为稍后应该可以轻松地将其重新输入到数据库中,并且应该从命令行完成。 类似于
sqlite3 db .dump
但不转储架构并选择要转储的表。
How do I dump the data, and only the data, not the schema, of some SQLite3 tables of a database (not all the tables)?
The dump should be in SQL format, as it should be easily re-entered into the database later and should be done from the command line. Something like
sqlite3 db .dump
but without dumping the schema and selecting which tables to dump.
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您没有说明您希望如何处理转储的文件。
获取 CSV 文件(可以导入几乎所有内容)
获取 SQL 文件(可以重新插入到不同的 SQLite 数据库中)
You're not saying what you wish to do with the dumped file.
To get a CSV file (which can be imported into almost everything)
To get an SQL file (which can be reinserted into a different SQLite database)
您可以通过获取 .schema 和 .dump 命令的差异来执行此操作。 例如,使用 grep:
data.sql
文件将仅包含没有模式的数据,如下所示:You can do this getting difference of .schema and .dump commands. for example with grep:
data.sql
file will contain only data without schema, something like this:您可以为 .dump 特殊命令指定一个或多个表参数,例如
sqlite3 db ".dump 'table1' 'table2'"
。You can specify one or more table arguments to the .dump special command, e.g.
sqlite3 db ".dump 'table1' 'table2'"
.这不是最好的方法,但至少不需要外部工具(除了 grep,无论如何,这是 *nix 盒子上的标准),
但您确实需要为您要查找的每个表执行此命令。
请注意,这不包括架构。
Not the best way, but at lease does not need external tools (except grep, which is standard on *nix boxes anyway)
but you do need to do this command for each table you are looking for though.
Note that this does not include schema.
任何建议使用 grep 排除
CREATE
行或仅从sqlite3 $DB .dump
输出中获取INSERT
行的答案都将严重失败。CREATE TABLE
命令每行列出一列(因此排除CREATE
将无法获得全部内容),并且INSERT
行上的值可以嵌入了换行符(因此您不能只获取INSERT
行)。在 sqlite3 版本 3.6.20 上测试。
如果您想排除某些表,您可以使用 $(sqlite $DB .tables | grep -v -e one -e 2 -e 3) 来过滤它们,或者如果您想获取特定的子集将其替换为
一二三
。Any answer which suggests using grep to exclude the
CREATE
lines or just grab theINSERT
lines from thesqlite3 $DB .dump
output will fail badly. TheCREATE TABLE
commands list one column per line (so excludingCREATE
won't get all of it), and values on theINSERT
lines can have embedded newlines (so you can't grab just theINSERT
lines).Tested on sqlite3 version 3.6.20.
If you want to exclude certain tables you can filter them with
$(sqlite $DB .tables | grep -v -e one -e two -e three)
, or if you want to get a specific subset replace that withone two three
.作为对 Paul Egan 答案的改进,可以按如下方式完成:
--或者 --
当然,需要注意的是您必须安装 grep。
As an improvement to Paul Egan's answer, this can be accomplished as follows:
--or--
The caveat, of course, is that you have to have grep installed.
在 Python 或 Java 或任何高级语言中,.dump 不起作用。 我们需要手动编写转换为 CSV 的代码。 我举一个Python的例子。 其他人,示例将不胜感激:
如果您有“面板数据”,换句话说,许多带有 id 的单独条目将其添加到 with 外观中,并且它还会转储摘要统计信息:
In Python or Java or any high level language the .dump does not work. We need to code the conversion to CSV by hand. I give an Python example. Others, examples would be appreciated:
If you have 'panel data, in other words many individual entries with id's add this to the with look and it also dumps summary statistics:
查看其他可能的解决方案
仅包含 INSERT
易于实现,但如果任何列包含换行符,则会失败
SQLite 插入模式
这是一个很好的可自定义解决方案,但它如果您的列在spatialite中具有像“Geometry”类型这样的blob对象,
则不起作用 将转储与模式进行比较
不知道为什么,但对我不起作用
另一个(新的)可能的解决方案
可能没有这个问题的最佳答案,但对我有用的一个是 grep 插入,考虑到列值中带有 像这样的表达式
要选择要转储的表
.dump
承认LIKE参数来匹配表名称,但如果这还不够,可能一个简单的脚本是更好的选择,或者,其他更详细地考虑外键并将所有转储封装在一个事务中
考虑到如果
);
是任何列中存在的字符串,则 grep 表达式将失败要恢复它(在数据库中)与已经创建的表)
Review of other possible solutions
Include only INSERTs
Easy to implement but it will fail if any of your columns include new lines
SQLite insert mode
This is a nice and customizable solution, but it doesn't work if your columns have blob objects like 'Geometry' type in spatialite
Diff the dump with the schema
Not sure why, but is not working for me
Another (new) possible solution
Probably there is not a best answer to this question, but one that is working for me is grep the inserts taking into account that be new lines in the column values with an expression like this
To select the tables do be dumped
.dump
admits a LIKE argument to match the table names, but if this is not enough probably a simple script is better optionor, something more elaborated to respect foreign keys and encapsulate all the dump in only one transaction
Take into account that the grep expression will fail if
);
is a string present in any of the columnsTo restore it (in a database with the tables already created)
最好的方法是采用 sqlite3 数据库转储将执行的代码,不包括架构部分。
伪代码示例:
请参阅:
src/shell.c:838
(对于 sqlite-3.5.9)了解实际代码您甚至可以直接使用该 shell 并注释掉模式部分并使用它。
The best method would be to take the code the sqlite3 db dump would do, excluding schema parts.
Example pseudo code:
See:
src/shell.c:838
(for sqlite-3.5.9) for actual codeYou might even just take that shell and comment out the schema parts and use that.
此版本适用于插入中的换行符:
sqlite3 database.sqlite3 .dump | grep -v '^CREATE'
实际上排除所有以
CREATE
开头的行,这些行不太可能包含换行符This version works well with newlines inside inserts:
sqlite3 database.sqlite3 .dump | grep -v '^CREATE'
In practice excludes all the lines starting with
CREATE
which is less likely to contain newlinesretracile 的答案应该是最接近的答案,但它不适用于我的情况。 一个插入查询在中间中断,导出就停止了。 不知道是什么原因。 但是,它在
.dump
期间工作正常。最后,我编写了一个工具来拆分从
.dump
生成的 SQL:https:// /github.com/motherapp/sqlite_sql_parser/
The answer by retracile should be the closest one, yet it does not work for my case. One insert query just broke in the middle and the export just stopped. Not sure what is the reason. However It works fine during
.dump
.Finally I wrote a tool for the split up the SQL generated from
.dump
:https://github.com/motherapp/sqlite_sql_parser/
您可以对表进行选择,在每个字段后插入逗号以生成 csv,或者使用 GUI 工具返回所有数据并将其保存到 csv。
You could do a select on the tables inserting commas after each field to produce a csv, or use a GUI tool to return all the data and save it to a csv.
根据 Command Line Shell For SQLite 的 SQLite 文档,您可以导出 SQLite 表(或部分表格)作为 CSV,只需将“模式”设置为“csv”,然后运行查询来提取表格中所需的行:
然后使用“.import”命令将 CSV(逗号分隔值)数据导入到SQLite 表:
请阅读有关要考虑的两种情况的进一步文档:(1) 表“tab1”以前不存在,(2) 表“tab1”已经存在。
According to the SQLite documentation for the Command Line Shell For SQLite you can export an SQLite table (or part of a table) as CSV, simply by setting the "mode" to "csv" and then run a query to extract the desired rows of the table:
Then use the ".import" command to import CSV (comma separated value) data into an SQLite table:
Please read the further documentation about the two cases to consider: (1) Table "tab1" does not previously exist and (2) table "tab1" does already exist.
例如,您可以使用如下所示的
.dump
将apple.db
的架构和数据导出到backup.sql
。 *如果不存在,则创建backup.sql
并且我的回答解释了如何将backup.sql
导入orange.db
:并且,您只能导出<的架构code>apple.db 到
backup.sql
with.schema
如下所示:此外,您还可以导出
apple.db 的 schema 和数据使用以下命令将
复制到backup.sql
。 *.output
根据文件存在情况创建并选择或仅选择一个文件,并且您必须退出才能关闭该文件(例如,.exit
或.quit< /code>) 否则 SQLite 命令的结果将输出到文件中:
并且,您可以将
apple.db
中特定表的架构和数据导出到backup.sql
使用以下命令:并且,您可以使用以下命令仅将
apple.db
的架构导出到backup.sql
:并且,您可以仅导出使用以下命令将
apple.db
中的特定表复制到backup.sql
。 *.schema
仅导出一个特定表的架构,因此如果您想导出特定多个表的架构,则应多次运行.schema
:最后,您可以使用以下命令仅将
apple.db
中特定表的数据导出到backup.sql
:For example, you can export the schema and data of
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with.dump
shown below. *backup.sql
is created if it doesn't exist and my answer explains how to importbackup.sql
intoorange.db
:And, you can export only the schema of
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with.schema
as shown below:Moreover, you can export the schema and data of
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with the commands below. *.output
creates and selects or only selects a file depending on the file existence and you must exit to close the file (e.g.,.exit
or.quit
) otherwise the results of SQLite commands are output to the file:And, you can export the schema and data of the specific tables in
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with the commands below:And, you can export only the schema of
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with the commands below:And, you can export only the schema of the specific tables in
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with the commands below. *.schema
exports the schema of only one specific table so you should run.schema
multiple times if you want to export the schema of the specific multiple tables:Lastly, you can export only the data of the specific tables in
apple.db
tobackup.sql
with the commands below: