I see them a lot in acedemic settings (hosted on department or faculty sites), but you're right in that they are not very popular.
However, remember that Java's big promise has been achieved. We have Flash, Java Applets, Silverlight, and ever-improving JavaScript frameworks.
Now if I made add a personal opinion - I think that Java applets are inelegant. They tend to look ugly, the Java runtime makes its presence in the OS far too known (in terms of runtime visuals, updates, and the ugly installer). Flash is much better with its rich media environment and its transparent (and ubiquitous) deployment.
I think compatibility issues were a big problem. Most notably with IE and Microsoft's Java VM which wasn't as standards compliant as it might have been.
Even with the Sun JVM you could have problems. I've had fun where I've had two 3rd-party Applets requiring different versions of Java which causes all sorts of problems. Sun have tried to solve this problem by replacing Applets with Java Web Start which gives you a link in the browser that launches the application in it's own window instead of inside the browser. (In theory with JWS you can have different applications using different VMs but it never seems to work for me as well as it should.)
Advancements with JavaScript have also made it possible to developer much richer web pages so a lot of things in the past that you could only do in Applets can now be done simply with AJAX.
First, they not gone. You can still find lot of applets on the Web, lot of people use them particularly to demonstrate algorithms and such. Advantages: can leverage existing libraries (math, physics, sorting, graph, etc.) and it is faster than Flash. Inconvenience: it might be risky to target a recent JVM (although Sun did a good job on automatic updates, looks like lot of people are using Java 1.6 already), load time is a bit slow (even though great progress have been made there).
You can still find lot of game applets too, like Bookworm, with the added advantage, perhaps, to have part of work already done to run them on mobile phones...
Second, I can predict a regain of interest with JavaFX. Applets on steroids, able to break legend of "applets are ugly"... :-)
Last, a library like Processing makes super easy to create graphical intensive applets, and you can find lot of them on the Net, eg. on OpenProcessing where the worst (beginners in programming) is near the best!
I wonder how widespread the JVM actually is? In the case of Flash, IE5 preinstalled it, giving it a large automatic user base. But unless the JVM was included with the OS install, users wouldn't have it. I suppose as a developer you target the largest install base, meaning choosing Flash over Java.
There are Java applets here and there; definitely not widespread though.
i believe it's their ugliness that kept them away from the modern web. flash brought the design, javascript brought a convenient way to make some cool things on a client. being a box inside a browser (just like a flash, though, but much uglier) applet technology was put away.
actually, the only thing that might be missed is the possibility to have a 'client-server' type of communication inside the web, because java applet could have a stateful connection. on the other hand, you would have to put some server on the other side and open a port for it, which just was too much house-work for shared hosting environments.
applets still live in some different areas, like control centers for roads, tunnels, power plants and stuff like that.
People are still using applets, at least for the company that I am working with. The applets are used mainly by internal users.
I feel that applets have their benefits, as companies which employ Java at the server side, most probably will have a large pool of talents who are better skilled at Java.
Although perhaps other technologies like Javascript, HTML/CSS or flash are more popular or more fanciful, but the talent pool could be better employed to create web apps with Java applets as it is a language that they are already familiar with through their work with the server end stuff.
It could be faster for the Java talent pool to deliver a change request with Java applet solutions at a higher accuracy than any other technologies.
Sometimes, the most important thing in a technology solution is its functionality and how fast people who need to provide support for them can react to changes.
The JVM is very widespread, especially in the coorporate world, at least where I've worked, there was always a JVM installed.
I'm currently working on a Java Applet, but in general, I would never an applet unless I had to. But then again, I wouldn't use Flash or Silverlight, either. Applets have a slow load time, and look out of place in webpages. Also, Macromedia/Adobe have outmarketed the good ol' applets.
I assume it's because java is a "real", ie. general purpose language. To make an applet, you have to write code, and there aren't any shortcuts.
Now that flash etc have come along, you can pretty much just drap and drop your way through making a cool animation for your website. This is a much lower barrier for entry - you don't have to know how to program in order to get a flash animation working. So flash proliferates, and java applets are hardly used anymore.
作为 Sun 在 3 月份向 Microsoft 提起的另一起私人反垄断诉讼的一部分，Sun 寻求一项初步禁令，要求 Microsoft 在 Windows XP 操作系统中包含当前的 Java 虚拟机 (JVM)。 微软表示，本周决定包含 JVM 是与 Sun 最新法律纠纷的直接结果，但微软计划在 2004 年 1 月 1 日之后在 Windows 中取消对 Java 的支持。 crn.com/it-channel/18828525" rel="noreferrer">微软改变方向，将在 Windows XP 中包含 Java VM——暂时
I think applets are collateral damage in the battle between Microsoft and Sun.
At first, the JVM was very slow to load and demanded too much memory. Then, when increase in computing power made the JVM possible, Sun played hard as it attempted to control all things Java:
As part of another private antitrust lawsuit filed against Microsoft by Sun in March, Sun sought a preliminary injunction requiring Microsoft to include a current Java virtual machine (JVM) in the Windows XP operating system. Microsoft said the decision to include the JVM this week is a direct result of the latest legal entanglement with Sun, but Microsoft plans to disband support for Java in Windows following Jan. 1, 2004. Microsoft Reverses Course, Will Include Java VM In Windows XP--For Now
They took forever to load up and get going in the browser, and then for a lot of people they didn't work. When they finally did load, the interfaces were ugly and clunky. I think the poor user experience was a big step towards making applets obsolete.
So to answer the original question I have a question of my own - you ask "Why don't sites use java applets anymore", and my response is "why would anyone want to?"
Flash 在这方面的成功又归功于其较小的文件大小，以及受益于 Sun 与 Microsoft 的诉讼，该诉讼导致 Microsoft 在 Netscape 消亡和 IE 占据主导地位时从 Internet Explorer 中删除了 MSJVM。
I think Java applets were overshadowed by Flash and ActionScript (pun unintended), being much easier to use for what Java Applets were being used at the time (animations + stateful applications).
Flash's success in this respect in turn owes to its much smaller file sizes, as well as benefiting from the Sun vs. Microsoft suit that resulted in Microsoft removing the MSJVM from Internet Explorer, at a time of Netscape's demise and IE's heavy dominance.
1) AWT made for horrid UIs. Swing improved on that but it was too late, because... 2) Microsoft dropped support for Java in the browser (its propietary MSJVM), and before it did, it would only support the last version it released, which was roughly JDK 1.1 compatible. 3) So today you cannot be sure that an applet will run on the majority of non-developer machines, unlike flash.
市场是否会对这一切做出反应还有待观察，但鉴于 Flash 在市场上的主导地位，这对 Sun 来说无疑是一个令人着迷的举动。
For what it's worth, Sun is pouring money and resources into applets again. They've made some really significant improvements in JDK 1.6.10 to mitigate a lot of the 'clunkiness' applets used to exhibit. For instance, with this update, you can display your own custom loading image/animation while your applet loads, and the plugin has been put on a major diet to improve performance.
They've also embarked upon an initiative to directly compete with Flash and Silverlight - JavaFX.
Whether or not the market will respond to any of this remains to be seen, but it's certainly a fascinating move on Sun's part given Flash's dominance in the market place.
当 Java 的 GUI API 完全不再糟糕时，每个人都在使用 Flash。 即使在今天，Java 在制作精美图形方面也远不如 Flash。
By the time Java's GUI API stopped totally sucking, everyone was using Flash. And even today, Java is no where near as good as Flash at doing fancy graphics.
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我在学术环境中经常看到它们（在系或学院网站上托管），但你是对的，它们并不是很受欢迎。
然而，请记住 Java 的伟大承诺已经实现。 我们有 Flash、Java Applet、Silverlight 和不断改进的 JavaScript 框架。
现在，如果我添加一个个人观点 - 我认为 Java 小程序不优雅。 它们往往看起来很丑陋，Java 运行时使其在操作系统中的存在变得众所周知（就运行时视觉效果、更新和丑陋的安装程序而言）。 Flash 因其丰富的媒体环境和透明（且无处不在）的部署而更加出色。
I see them a lot in acedemic settings (hosted on department or faculty sites), but you're right in that they are not very popular.
However, remember that Java's big promise has been achieved. We have Flash, Java Applets, Silverlight, and ever-improving JavaScript frameworks.
Now if I made add a personal opinion - I think that Java applets are inelegant. They tend to look ugly, the Java runtime makes its presence in the OS far too known (in terms of runtime visuals, updates, and the ugly installer). Flash is much better with its rich media environment and its transparent (and ubiquitous) deployment.
人们仍然使用小程序。 但你是对的，有很多不同的解决方案。 例如，看一下 javafx
People still use applets. But you are right, there are tons of different solutions out there. For example, take a look at javafx
我认为兼容性问题是一个大问题。 最值得注意的是 IE 和 Microsoft 的 Java VM 并不符合标准。
即使使用 Sun JVM，您也可能会遇到问题。 我很高兴有两个第 3 方 Applet 需要不同版本的 Java，这会导致各种问题。 Sun 尝试通过用 Java Web Start 它会在浏览器中为您提供一个链接，该链接可在其自己的窗口中而不是在浏览器内启动应用程序。 （理论上，使用 JWS，您可以使用不同的虚拟机拥有不同的应用程序，但它似乎从来没有像它应该的那样适合我。）
JavaScript 的进步也使得开发更丰富的网页成为可能，所以过去的很多事情以前只能在 Applet 中完成的工作现在可以通过 AJAX 轻松完成。
I think compatibility issues were a big problem. Most notably with IE and Microsoft's Java VM which wasn't as standards compliant as it might have been.
Even with the Sun JVM you could have problems. I've had fun where I've had two 3rd-party Applets requiring different versions of Java which causes all sorts of problems. Sun have tried to solve this problem by replacing Applets with Java Web Start which gives you a link in the browser that launches the application in it's own window instead of inside the browser. (In theory with JWS you can have different applications using different VMs but it never seems to work for me as well as it should.)
Advancements with JavaScript have also made it possible to developer much richer web pages so a lot of things in the past that you could only do in Applets can now be done simply with AJAX.
首先，他们没有消失。 您仍然可以在网络上找到很多小程序，很多人特别使用它们来演示算法等。
优点：可以利用现有的库（数学、物理、排序、图形等）并且比 Flash 更快。
不便之处：针对最新的 JVM 可能存在风险（尽管 Sun 在自动更新方面做得很好，看起来很多人已经在使用 Java 1.6），加载时间有点慢（尽管已经取得了很大的进步） 。
您仍然可以找到很多游戏小程序，例如 Bookworm< /a>，也许还有一个额外的优势，就是已经完成了在手机上运行它们的部分工作……
其次，我可以预测人们会重新对 JavaFX 产生兴趣。 类固醇小程序，能够打破“小程序丑陋”的传说...:-)
最后，像 处理使创建图形密集型小程序变得非常容易，您可以在网上找到很多这样的小程序，例如。 在 OpenProcessing 上，最差的（编程初学者）接近最好的！
First, they not gone. You can still find lot of applets on the Web, lot of people use them particularly to demonstrate algorithms and such.
Advantages: can leverage existing libraries (math, physics, sorting, graph, etc.) and it is faster than Flash.
Inconvenience: it might be risky to target a recent JVM (although Sun did a good job on automatic updates, looks like lot of people are using Java 1.6 already), load time is a bit slow (even though great progress have been made there).
You can still find lot of game applets too, like Bookworm, with the added advantage, perhaps, to have part of work already done to run them on mobile phones...
Second, I can predict a regain of interest with JavaFX. Applets on steroids, able to break legend of "applets are ugly"... :-)
Last, a library like Processing makes super easy to create graphical intensive applets, and you can find lot of them on the Net, eg. on OpenProcessing where the worst (beginners in programming) is near the best!
我想知道 JVM 实际上有多广泛？ 就Flash而言，IE5预装了它，使其拥有了庞大的自动用户群。 但除非 JVM 包含在操作系统安装中，否则用户不会拥有它。 我想作为一名开发人员，您的目标是最大的安装基础，这意味着选择 Flash 而不是 Java。
到处都有 Java 小程序； 但绝对不广泛。
I wonder how widespread the JVM actually is? In the case of Flash, IE5 preinstalled it, giving it a large automatic user base. But unless the JVM was included with the OS install, users wouldn't have it. I suppose as a developer you target the largest install base, meaning choosing Flash over Java.
There are Java applets here and there; definitely not widespread though.
我相信正是他们的丑陋让他们远离了现代网络。 flash 带来了设计，javascript 带来了一种在客户端上制作一些很酷的东西的便捷方法。 作为浏览器内的一个盒子（虽然就像 Flash，但更丑陋），Applet 技术被放弃了。
实际上，唯一可能被忽略的是在网络内部进行“客户端-服务器”类型通信的可能性，因为 java applet 可以具有有状态连接。 另一方面，您必须在另一侧放置一些服务器并为其打开一个端口，这对于共享托管环境来说是太多的家务活。
小程序仍然存在于一些不同的领域，例如道路、隧道、发电厂等的控制中心。
i believe it's their ugliness that kept them away from the modern web. flash brought the design, javascript brought a convenient way to make some cool things on a client. being a box inside a browser (just like a flash, though, but much uglier) applet technology was put away.
actually, the only thing that might be missed is the possibility to have a 'client-server' type of communication inside the web, because java applet could have a stateful connection. on the other hand, you would have to put some server on the other side and open a port for it, which just was too much house-work for shared hosting environments.
applets still live in some different areas, like control centers for roads, tunnels, power plants and stuff like that.
人们仍在使用小程序，至少对于我正在合作的公司来说是这样。 小程序主要由内部用户使用。
我觉得小程序有它的好处，因为在服务器端使用Java的公司，很可能会拥有大量Java技术更好的人才。
尽管 Javascript、HTML/CSS 或 flash 等其他技术可能更流行或更新颖，但可以更好地利用人才库来使用 Java 小程序创建 Web 应用程序，因为他们通过使用 Java 小程序已经熟悉了这种语言。服务器端的东西。
对于 Java 人才库来说，使用 Java applet 解决方案以比任何其他技术更高的准确性更快地交付变更请求。
有时，技术解决方案中最重要的是其功能以及需要为其提供支持的人员对变化做出反应的速度。
People are still using applets, at least for the company that I am working with. The applets are used mainly by internal users.
I feel that applets have their benefits, as companies which employ Java at the server side, most probably will have a large pool of talents who are better skilled at Java.
Although perhaps other technologies like Javascript, HTML/CSS or flash are more popular or more fanciful, but the talent pool could be better employed to create web apps with Java applets as it is a language that they are already familiar with through their work with the server end stuff.
It could be faster for the Java talent pool to deliver a change request with Java applet solutions at a higher accuracy than any other technologies.
Sometimes, the most important thing in a technology solution is its functionality and how fast people who need to provide support for them can react to changes.
JVM 非常普遍，尤其是在企业界，至少在我工作过的地方，总是安装有 JVM。
我目前正在开发 Java Applet，但总的来说，除非迫不得已，否则我永远不会使用 Applet。 但话说回来，我也不会使用 Flash 或 Silverlight。 小程序的加载时间很慢，并且在网页中看起来格格不入。 此外，Macromedia/Adobe 的销量已经超过了优秀的小程序。
The JVM is very widespread, especially in the coorporate world, at least where I've worked, there was always a JVM installed.
I'm currently working on a Java Applet, but in general, I would never an applet unless I had to. But then again, I wouldn't use Flash or Silverlight, either. Applets have a slow load time, and look out of place in webpages. Also, Macromedia/Adobe have outmarketed the good ol' applets.
我认为这是因为java是“真实的”，即。 通用语言。 做一个小程序，就得写代码，没有什么捷径。
现在 Flash 等已经出现，您几乎可以通过拖放的方式为您的网站制作一个很酷的动画。 这是一个低得多的进入门槛 - 您不必知道如何编程即可使 Flash 动画正常工作。 所以flash激增，而java applet几乎不再使用了。
I assume it's because java is a "real", ie. general purpose language. To make an applet, you have to write code, and there aren't any shortcuts.
Now that flash etc have come along, you can pretty much just drap and drop your way through making a cool animation for your website. This is a much lower barrier for entry - you don't have to know how to program in order to get a flash animation working. So flash proliferates, and java applets are hardly used anymore.
我认为小应用程序是微软和Sun 之间的战斗中的附带损害。
起初，JVM 加载速度非常慢并且需要太多内存。
然后，当计算能力的提高使得 JVM 成为可能时，Sun 就努力地试图控制 Java 的一切：
I think applets are collateral damage in the battle between Microsoft and Sun.
At first, the JVM was very slow to load and demanded too much memory.
Then, when increase in computing power made the JVM possible, Sun played hard as it attempted to control all things Java:
他们花了很长时间来加载并在浏览器中运行，然后对于很多人来说他们不起作用。 当它们最终加载时，界面变得丑陋且笨重。 我认为糟糕的用户体验是小程序被淘汰的一大进步。
因此，为了回答最初的问题，我有一个自己的问题 - 你问“为什么网站不再使用 java applet”，我的回答是“为什么有人想要？”
They took forever to load up and get going in the browser, and then for a lot of people they didn't work. When they finally did load, the interfaces were ugly and clunky. I think the poor user experience was a big step towards making applets obsolete.
So to answer the original question I have a question of my own - you ask "Why don't sites use java applets anymore", and my response is "why would anyone want to?"
我认为 Java Applet 被 Flash 和 ActionScript（无意的双关语）所掩盖，它们对于当时使用的 Java Applet（动画 + 有状态应用程序）来说更容易使用。
Flash 在这方面的成功又归功于其较小的文件大小，以及受益于 Sun 与 Microsoft 的诉讼，该诉讼导致 Microsoft 在 Netscape 消亡和 IE 占据主导地位时从 Internet Explorer 中删除了 MSJVM。
I think Java applets were overshadowed by Flash and ActionScript (pun unintended), being much easier to use for what Java Applets were being used at the time (animations + stateful applications).
Flash's success in this respect in turn owes to its much smaller file sizes, as well as benefiting from the Sun vs. Microsoft suit that resulted in Microsoft removing the MSJVM from Internet Explorer, at a time of Netscape's demise and IE's heavy dominance.
1) AWT 是为可怕的 UI 设计的。 Swing 对此进行了改进，但为时已晚，因为......
2) 微软在浏览器中放弃了对 Java 的支持（其专有的 MSJVM），在此之前，它仅支持其发布的最后一个版本，该版本大致兼容 JDK 1.1。
3) 因此，今天您无法确定小程序是否能够在大多数非开发人员计算机上运行，这与闪存不同。
顺便说一句，ActiveX 也是如此。
1) AWT made for horrid UIs. Swing improved on that but it was too late, because...
2) Microsoft dropped support for Java in the browser (its propietary MSJVM), and before it did, it would only support the last version it released, which was roughly JDK 1.1 compatible.
3) So today you cannot be sure that an applet will run on the majority of non-developer machines, unlike flash.
Same can be said of ActiveX by the way.
不管怎样，Sun 再次将资金和资源投入到小程序中。 他们在 JDK 1.6.10 中进行了一些非常重大的改进，以缓解许多“笨重”的小程序曾经展示过。 例如，通过此更新，您可以在小程序加载时显示您自己的自定义加载图像/动画，并且该插件已投入大量精力以提高性能。
他们还发起了一项与 Flash 和 Silverlight 直接竞争的计划 - JavaFX。
市场是否会对这一切做出反应还有待观察，但鉴于 Flash 在市场上的主导地位，这对 Sun 来说无疑是一个令人着迷的举动。
For what it's worth, Sun is pouring money and resources into applets again. They've made some really significant improvements in JDK 1.6.10 to mitigate a lot of the 'clunkiness' applets used to exhibit. For instance, with this update, you can display your own custom loading image/animation while your applet loads, and the plugin has been put on a major diet to improve performance.
They've also embarked upon an initiative to directly compete with Flash and Silverlight - JavaFX.
Whether or not the market will respond to any of this remains to be seen, but it's certainly a fascinating move on Sun's part given Flash's dominance in the market place.
当 Java 的 GUI API 完全不再糟糕时，每个人都在使用 Flash。 即使在今天，Java 在制作精美图形方面也远不如 Flash。
By the time Java's GUI API stopped totally sucking, everyone was using Flash. And even today, Java is no where near as good as Flash at doing fancy graphics.