值得投入时间学习使用 Emacs 吗？

盛装女皇 2024-07-11 01:44:34

在之前的回答中，Aristotle Pagaltzis 写道：“Vim 在小方面表现出色......您可以在正常的编辑过程中轻松地在 Vim 中完成需要您在 Emacs 中编写脚本的操作。”

在专门使用 vi 十多年后，我转向了 Emacs，最初我会同意这样的说法：“在正常的编辑过程中，您可以在 Vim 中轻松完成需要您在 Emacs 中编写脚本的操作。” 但后来我发现，通过使用 Emacs 的宏功能和大量的重复次数，我可以轻松地让 Emacs 完成 vi 所做的几乎所有事情，甚至更多。

Emacs 的宏功能涉及三个命令：

C-x (       start remembering keystrokes
C-x )       stop remembering keystrokes
C-x e       replay the remembered keystrokes

例如，在 vi 中，如果我想查找 HTML 文件中的所有标签
并添加一个 target 属性，我可能会执行如下操作：

:g/^<a/s/>/ target="_blank">/

这个示例并不完美，因为它假设所有标签本身都在一行上。但它足以说明如何在两个不同的编辑器中完成相同的任务。

为了在 emacs 中轻松实现相同的效果，我是这样做的：

1.  C-x (
2.  M-C-s <a\>
3.  C-b
4.  C-s >
5.  C-b
6.   target="_blank"
7.  C-x )
8.  C-u 10000 C-x e

下面是上面每个击键的作用的描述：

1.  start remembering keystrokes
2.  regex search for <a.  Note that the "\>" after the "a" is not HTML.  It's emacs regex notation for end-of-word.
3.  back up one character - as a side-effect this gets you out of search mode
4.  search for the next ">"
5.  back up over the ">"
6.  enter space as an attribute-delimiter followed by the target="_blank" attribute
7.  stop remembering keystrokes
8.  replay the remembered keystrokes 10,000 times or until the search fails

看起来很复杂，但实际上很容易输入。您可以使用这种方法做很多 vi 无法做的事情，而无需陷入 Lisp 代码。

In an earlier answer, Aristotle Pagaltzis wrote: "Vim excels in the small ... You can easily do things in Vim in the normal course of editing that would require you to drop down to scripting in Emacs."

I switched to Emacs after over a decade of exclusively using vi, and initially I would have agreed with the claim, "You can easily do things in Vim in the normal course of editing that would require you to drop down to scripting in Emacs." But then I discovered that by using Emacs' macro capability and a large repeat count, I could easily make Emacs do pretty much everything that vi had made easy, and a great deal more.

Emacs' macro functionality involves three commands:

C-x (       start remembering keystrokes
C-x )       stop remembering keystrokes
C-x e       replay the remembered keystrokes

For example, in vi if I wanted to find all <a> tags in an HTML file
and add a target attribute, I might do something like the following:

:g/^<a/s/>/ target="_blank">/

This example is not perfect, since it assumes that all <a> tags are on a line by themselves. But it's good enough for illustrating how one accomplishes the equivalent task in two different editors.

To achieve the same effect easily in emacs, here's what I do:

1.  C-x (
2.  M-C-s <a\>
3.  C-b
4.  C-s >
5.  C-b
6.   target="_blank"
7.  C-x )
8.  C-u 10000 C-x e

Here's a description of what each keystroke above does:

1.  start remembering keystrokes
2.  regex search for <a.  Note that the "\>" after the "a" is not HTML.  It's emacs regex notation for end-of-word.
3.  back up one character - as a side-effect this gets you out of search mode
4.  search for the next ">"
5.  back up over the ">"
6.  enter space as an attribute-delimiter followed by the target="_blank" attribute
7.  stop remembering keystrokes
8.  replay the remembered keystrokes 10,000 times or until the search fails

It looks complicated, but it's actually very easy to type. And you can use this approach to do lots of things that vi can't do, without ever dropping down to Lisp code.

值得投入时间学习使用 Emacs 吗？

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