Java单体测试工具cactus使用指南

Question

1. 1 cactus测试的原理
2. 看下面这张图，这是一个测试工具Cactus测试Servlet的过程，而在过去测试Servlet是很麻烦的。
3. 1.首先，JUnit测试器执行YYYTestCase.runTest()，这个函数找到beginXXX(WebRequest)执行它，这个过程发生在客户端。WebRequest作为参数，它包含了请求的HTTP头、HTTP参数，它将被传送到第2步的重定向代理器中。
4. 2.YYYTestCase.runTest()建立一个到重定向代理器的HTTP链接. 上一步的WebRequest传了过去。
5. 3.从客户端来看，重定向代理器好像是在服务器运行一样。这意味着你的测试用例类将被实例两次：一次是在客户端（被JUnit测试器实例），另一次是在服务器端（被重定向代理器实例）。客户端的实例用来执行beginXXX()和endXXX()函数，服务器端实例用来执行第4步中的testXXX()函数。
6. 4.setUp(), testXXX()和tearDown()被依次执行，它们被重定向代理器以reflection机制执行。当然，setUp()和tearDown()是可选的(就像在JUnit里一样)。
7. 5.你的testXXX()将调用服务器端代码测试，并使用JUnit的断言API来观察执行效果(如assert(), assertEquals(), fail(), ...)
8. 6.如果测试失败，你的testXXX()函数抛出的异常将被重定向代理器捕获。
9. 7.如果出现异常，重定向代理器返回它的信息（包含名字，类，栈顶数据）到客户端，然后异常信息将显示在JUnit的测试器上。
10. 8.如果没有异常产生，YYYTestCase.runTest()函数则找到endXXX(org.apache.cactus.WebResponse)或endXXX(com.meterware.httpunit.WebResponse) 函数执行。在全过程中，你有机会在endXXX()函数检查HTTP头，Cookies以及servlet的输出流。
12. 2.cactus 的安装
13. 文件下载地址:
15. http://www.javaresearch.org/oss/download/cactus/jakarta-cactus-12-1.6.1.zip
17. 使用方式:
19. 解压压缩包后将lib文件夹下的全部JAR添加到相关项目目录(为保证确认,可以将路径同时添加到classpath中),配置cactus.properties文件,修改cactus.contextURL值为所在webapp的起始路径,同时将该文件放置到classpath路径中
21. 如例:
23. # Configuration file for Cactus.
27. # Each project using Cactus need to have such a file put in the client side
29. # CLASSPATH (Meaning the directory containgin this file should be in the client
31. # side CLASSPATH, not the file itself of course ... :) )
35. # Defines the URLs that will be used by Cactus to call it''s redirectors
37. # (Servlet and JSP). You need to specify in these URLs the webapp context
39. # that you use for your application. In the example below, the context is
41. # "test".
45. cactus.contextURL = http://localhost:8080/Fund_Cafe
47. cactus.servletRedirectorName = ServletRedirector
49. cactus.enableLogging=true
51. 修改WEB应用下web.xml文件添加相应的SERVLET映射
53. 如例;
55. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
57. <!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
59. <web-app>
61. <servlet>
63. <servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
65. <servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher</servlet-class>
67. <init-param>
69. <param-name>debug</param-name>
71. <param-value>2</param-value>
73. </init-param>
75. <init-param>
77. <param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
79. <param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
81. </init-param>
83. <init-param>
85. <param-name>FORWARD_SERVLET</param-name>
87. <param-value>TS2</param-value>
89. </init-param>
91. <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
93. </servlet>
95. <servlet>
97. <servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
99. <servlet-class>jp.co.abic.wam.WAMServlet</servlet-class>
101. <init-param>
103. <param-name>debug</param-name>
105. <param-value>2</param-value>
107. </init-param>
109. <init-param>
111. <param-name>WAM_HOME</param-name>
113. <param-value>D:\Fund_Cafe\conf</param-value>
115. </init-param>
117. <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
119. </servlet>
121. <servlet>
123. <servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
125. <servlet-class>org.apache.cactus.server.ServletTestRedirector</servlet-class>
127. </servlet>
129. <servlet-mapping>
131. <servlet-name>ServletRedirector</servlet-name>
133. <url-pattern>/ServletRedirector</url-pattern>
135. </servlet-mapping>
137. <servlet-mapping>
139. <servlet-name>TS</servlet-name>
141. <url-pattern>/TS</url-pattern>
143. </servlet-mapping>
145. <servlet-mapping>
147. <servlet-name>TS2</servlet-name>
149. <url-pattern>/TS2</url-pattern>
151. </servlet-mapping>
153. <resource-ref>
155. <description>Oracle DataSource example</description>
157. <res-ref-name>oraclePool</res-ref-name>
159. <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
161. <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
163. </resource-ref>
165. </web-app>

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Answer 1

1. 3.实际举例
2. 被测试类: ForwardLauncher
4. 测试类: Test
6. 测试条件1:B=9914,S=123456789,ServerID=AA, BHD0001=1,E=0(程序正常路径,显示选择菜单)
8. 测试条件2:B=9914(程序异常路径,显示发生错误的页面)
10. Test类内容如下:
12. package jp.co.abic.wam;
16. import java.io.IOException;
20. import javax.servlet.ServletException;
24. import jp.co.abic.wam.startmenu.ForwardLauncher;
28. import org.apache.cactus.ServletTestCase;
30. import org.apache.cactus.WebRequest;
32. import org.apache.cactus.WebResponse;
36. /**
38. * @author sfluo
40. *
42. * TODO To change the template for this generated type comment go to
44. * Window - Preferences - Java - Code Style - Code Templates
46. */
48. public class Test extends ServletTestCase {
54. ForwardLauncher wamServlet=new ForwardLauncher();
56. public static void main(String[] args) {
58. junit.textui.TestRunner.run(Test.class);
60. }
64. /*
66. * @see TestCase#setUp()
68. */
70. protected void setUp() throws Exception {
74. config.setInitParameter("FORWARD_SERVLET","TS2");
76. wamServlet.init(config);
78. }
82. /*
84. * @see TestCase#tearDown()
86. */
88. protected void tearDown() throws Exception {
90. super.tearDown();
92. }
96. /*
98. * Class under test for void doGet(HttpServletRequest, HttpServletResponse)
100. */
102. public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebRequest theRequest){
104. theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
106. theRequest.addParameter("S", "123456789");
108. theRequest.addParameter("ServerID", "AA");
110. theRequest.addParameter("BHD0001", "1");
112. theRequest.addParameter("E", "0");
114. }
116. public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA() {
120. try {
124. wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
126. } catch (ServletException e) {
128. // TODO Auto-generated catch block
130. e.printStackTrace();
132. } catch (IOException e) {
134. // TODO Auto-generated catch block
136. e.printStackTrace();
138. }
142. //TODO Implement doGet().
144. }
146. public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseA(WebResponse theResponse){
148. System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
150. }
154. public void beginDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebRequest theRequest){
156. theRequest.addParameter("B", "9914");
160. }
162. public final void testDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB() {
166. try {
170. wamServlet.doGet(request,response);
172. } catch (ServletException e) {
174. // TODO Auto-generated catch block
176. e.printStackTrace();
178. } catch (IOException e) {
180. // TODO Auto-generated catch block
182. e.printStackTrace();
184. }
188. //TODO Implement doGet().
190. }
192. public final void endDoGetHttpServletRequestHttpServletResponseB(WebResponse theResponse){
194. System.out.print(theResponse.getText());
200. }
202. }

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