c++关于模板的问题

Question

在MSDN(链接)上看到一个用于更方便创建窗口的类

template <class DERIVED_TYPE> 
class BaseWindow
{
public:
    static LRESULT CALLBACK WindowProc(HWND hwnd, UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
    {
        DERIVED_TYPE *pThis = NULL;

        if (uMsg == WM_NCCREATE)
        {
            CREATESTRUCT* pCreate = (CREATESTRUCT*)lParam;
            pThis = (DERIVED_TYPE*)pCreate->lpCreateParams;
            SetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA, (LONG_PTR)pThis);

            pThis->m_hwnd = hwnd;
        }
        else
        {
            pThis = (DERIVED_TYPE*)GetWindowLongPtr(hwnd, GWLP_USERDATA);
        }
        if (pThis)
        {
            return pThis->HandleMessage(uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        }
        else
        {
            return DefWindowProc(hwnd, uMsg, wParam, lParam);
        }
    }

    BaseWindow() : m_hwnd(NULL) { }

    BOOL Create(
        PCWSTR lpWindowName,
        DWORD dwStyle,
        DWORD dwExStyle = 0,
        int x = CW_USEDEFAULT,
        int y = CW_USEDEFAULT,
        int nWidth = CW_USEDEFAULT,
        int nHeight = CW_USEDEFAULT,
        HWND hWndParent = 0,
        HMENU hMenu = 0
        )
    {
        WNDCLASS wc = {0};

        wc.lpfnWndProc   = DERIVED_TYPE::WindowProc;
        wc.hInstance     = GetModuleHandle(NULL);
        wc.lpszClassName = ClassName();

        RegisterClass(&wc);

        m_hwnd = CreateWindowEx(
            dwExStyle, ClassName(), lpWindowName, dwStyle, x, y,
            nWidth, nHeight, hWndParent, hMenu, GetModuleHandle(NULL), this
            );

        return (m_hwnd ? TRUE : FALSE);
    }

    HWND Window() const { return m_hwnd; }

protected:

    virtual PCWSTR  ClassName() const = 0;
    virtual LRESULT HandleMessage(UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) = 0;

    HWND m_hwnd;
};

有些地方没看懂

//这里为什么要用到模板？
template <class DERIVED_TYPE> 

由继承派生出新类时

class MainWindow : public BaseWindow<MainWindow>
{
public:
    PCWSTR  ClassName() const { return L"Sample Window Class"; }
    LRESULT HandleMessage(UINT uMsg, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam);
};

为什么要写上：class MainWindow : public BaseWindow<MainWindow>

Answer 1

https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/...