python 的逆向工程

Question

什么是pyc文件

pyc是一种二进制文件，是由py文件经过编译后，生成的文件，是一种byte code，py文件变成pyc文件后，加载的速度有所提高，而且pyc是一种跨平台的字节码，是由python的虚拟机来执行的，这个是类似于JAVA或者.NET的虚拟机的概念。pyc的内容，是跟python的版本相关的，不同版本编译后的pyc文件是不同的，2.5编译的pyc文件，2.4版本的 python是无法执行的。

什么是pyo文件

pyo是优化编译后的程序 python -O 源文件即可将源程序编译为pyo文件 

什么是pyd文件

pyd是python的动态链接库。

这里的pyo 优化后的字节码？这种优化怎么理解，还有就是pyd 这个编译的动态链接库如何理解？

Answer 1

1. 关于 pyo 优化:

参考链接

• When the Python interpreter is invoked with the -O flag, optimized code is generated and stored in .pyo files. The optimizer currently doesn't help much; it only removes assert statements. When -O is used, all bytecode is optimized; .pyc files are ignored and .py files are compiled to optimized bytecode.
• Passing two -O flags to the Python interpreter (-OO) will cause the bytecode compiler to perform optimizations that could in some rare cases result in malfunctioning programs. Currently only __doc__ strings are removed from the bytecode, resulting in more compact .pyo files. Since some programs may rely on having these available, you should only use this option if you know what you're doing.
• Your program doesn't run any faster when it is read from a .pyc or .pyo file than when it is read from a .py file; the only thing that's faster about .pyc or .pyo files is the speed with which they are loaded.
• When a script is run by giving its name on the command line, the bytecode for the script is never written to a .pyc or .pyo file. Thus, the startup time of a script may be reduced by moving most of its code to a module and having a small bootstrap script that imports that module. It is also possible to name a .pyc or .pyo file directly on the command line.

2. 关于 pyd:

pyd 可以理解为 Windows DLL 文件。

参考链接

• Yes, .pyd files are dll’s, but there are a few differences. If you have a DLL named foo.pyd, then it must have a function PyInit_foo(). You can then write Python "import foo", and Python will search for foo.pyd (as well as foo.py, foo.pyc) and if it finds it, will attempt to call PyInit_foo() to initialize it. You do not link your .exe with foo.lib, as that would cause Windows to require the DLL to be present.
• Note that the search path for foo.pyd is PYTHONPATH, not the same as the path that Windows uses to search for foo.dll. Also, foo.pyd need not be present to run your program, whereas if you linked your program with a dll, the dll is required. Of course, foo.pyd is required if you want to say import foo. In a DLL, linkage is declared in the source code with __declspec(dllexport). In a .pyd, linkage is defined in a list of available functions.