Mac OS X 10.11下如何安装MySQLdb?

Question

安装完后:

Python 2.7.6 (default, Jul  3 2015, 01:44:46)
[GCC 4.2.1 Compatible Apple LLVM 7.0.0 (clang-700.0.58)] on darwin
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import MySQLdb
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.11-intel.egg/MySQLdb/__init__.py", line 19, in <module>
    import _mysql
ImportError: dlopen(/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.11-intel.egg/_mysql.so, 2): Library not loaded: libmysqlclient.18.dylib
  Referenced from: /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.11-intel.egg/_mysql.so
  Reason: unsafe use of relative rpath libmysqlclient.18.dylib in /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.11-intel.egg/_mysql.so with restricted binary

然后执行命令:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib

提示:

ln: /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib: Operation not permitted

Answer 1

原因是 EI Capitan 增加了 System Integrity Protection 的功能，阻止了写入的操作的，默认是开启的，需要关闭。

关闭方式：

重启电脑，开机时按住 cmd + R，进入 Recovery 模式。然后打开终端工具 ，输入命令：csrutil diable，然后再次重启电脑即可。

Answer 2

原因：
The computer security settings prevent the shared library _mysql.so from using a relative reference to the library libmysqlclient.18.dylib. In the future, the shared library _mysql.so may be updated. Until then, you can force it to use an absolute reference via the install_name_toolutility. Assuming that libmysqlclient.18.dylib is in /usr/local/mysql/lib/, then run the command:
解决方法：
sudo install_name_tool -change libmysqlclient.18.dylib \
/usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib \
/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/MySQL_python-1.2.4b4-py2.7-macosx-10.9-intel.egg/_mysql.so

来自：http://errorlog.lofter.com/post/1cb97859_7d3be93

Answer 3

你应该是没使用root权限安装吧。切换到root用户。

Answer 4

解决
sudo install_name_tool -change libmysqlclient.18.dylib /usr/local/mysql/lib/libmysqlclient.18.dylib /Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/_mysql.so

这是一条命令，没有换行
注意/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/的路径下有没有_mysql.so