请教，哪儿可以找到linux命令的源代码呀，比如ls，pwd，cp等的源代码

Question

如题。。。。

谢谢。。。。

Answer 1

原帖由 wooin 于 2006-4-25 14:09 发表

不对。。。不对。。。都有单独的源代码的，看看我找到的ls.c的文件

[code]/* `dir', `vdir' and `ls' directory listing programs for GNU.
   Copyright (C) 85, 88, 90, 91, 1995-2003 Free Softwa ...

你没看明白斑竹的意思……
他没说ls是shell内建命令。

Answer 2

系统的学习一下基础知识吧

另外, 别人的帖子也看一下再回复嘛

Answer 3

原帖由 albcamus 于 2006-4-24 15:35 发表
Q：如何知道cd、ls等命令来自哪个软件包？
A：cd是shell内建命令，除非看shell源代码，否则没有源码； ls则#rpm -ql `which ls`。 其它类似。

不对。。。不对。。。都有单独的源代码的，看看我找到的ls.c的文件

1. /* `dir', `vdir' and `ls' directory listing programs for GNU.
2.    Copyright (C) 85, 88, 90, 91, 1995-2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
4.    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
5.    it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
6.    the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
7.    any later version.
9.    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
10.    but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
11.    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
12.    GNU General Public License for more details.
14.    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
15.    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
16.    Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  */
18. /* If ls_mode is LS_MULTI_COL,
19.    the multi-column format is the default regardless
20.    of the type of output device.
21.    This is for the `dir' program.
23.    If ls_mode is LS_LONG_FORMAT,
24.    the long format is the default regardless of the
25.    type of output device.
26.    This is for the `vdir' program.
28.    If ls_mode is LS_LS,
29.    the output format depends on whether the output
30.    device is a terminal.
31.    This is for the `ls' program. */
33. /* Written by Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie.  */
35. /* Color support by Peter Anvin <Peter.Anvin@linux.org> and Dennis
36.    Flaherty <dennisf@denix.elk.miles.com> based on original patches by
37.    Greg Lee <lee@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu>.  */
39. #ifdef _AIX
40. #pragma alloca
41. #endif
43. #include <config.h>
44. #include <sys/types.h>
46. #if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
47. # include <termios.h>
48. #endif
50. #ifdef GWINSZ_IN_SYS_IOCTL
51. # include <sys/ioctl.h>
52. #endif
54. #ifdef WINSIZE_IN_PTEM
55. # include <sys/stream.h>
56. # include <sys/ptem.h>
57. #endif
59. #include <stdio.h>
60. #include <assert.h>
61. #include <setjmp.h>
62. #include <grp.h>
63. #include <pwd.h>
64. #include <getopt.h>
65. #include <signal.h>
67. /* Get MB_CUR_MAX.  */
68. #if HAVE_STDLIB_H
69. # include <stdlib.h>
70. #endif
72. /* Get mbstate_t, mbrtowc(), mbsinit(), wcwidth().  */
73. #if HAVE_WCHAR_H
74. # include <wchar.h>
75. #endif
77. /* Get iswprint().  */
78. #if HAVE_WCTYPE_H
79. # include <wctype.h>
80. #endif
81. #if !defined iswprint && !HAVE_ISWPRINT
82. # define iswprint(wc) 1
83. #endif
85. #ifndef HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
86. "this configure-time declaration test was not run"
87. #endif
88. #if !HAVE_DECL_WCWIDTH
89. int wcwidth ();
90. #endif
92. /* If wcwidth() doesn't exist, assume all printable characters have
93.    width 1.  */
94. #ifndef wcwidth
95. # if !HAVE_WCWIDTH
96. #  define wcwidth(wc) ((wc) == 0 ? 0 : iswprint (wc) ? 1 : -1)
97. # endif
98. #endif
100. #include "system.h"
101. #include <fnmatch.h>
103. #include "acl.h"
104. #include "argmatch.h"
105. #include "dev-ino.h"
106. #include "dirname.h"
107. #include "dirfd.h"
108. #include "error.h"
109. #include "full-write.h"
110. #include "hard-locale.h"
111. #include "hash.h"
112. #include "human.h"
113. #include "filemode.h"
114. #include "inttostr.h"
115. #include "ls.h"
116. #include "mbswidth.h"
117. #include "obstack.h"
118. #include "path-concat.h"
119. #include "quote.h"
120. #include "quotearg.h"
121. #include "same.h"
122. #include "strftime.h"
123. #include "strverscmp.h"
124. #include "xstrtol.h"
125. #include "xreadlink.h"
127. #define PROGRAM_NAME (ls_mode == LS_LS ? "ls"
128.                       : (ls_mode == LS_MULTI_COL
129.                          ? "dir" : "vdir"))
131. #define AUTHORS N_ ("Richard Stallman and David MacKenzie")
133. #define obstack_chunk_alloc malloc
134. #define obstack_chunk_free free
136. /* Return an int indicating the result of comparing two integers.
137.    Subtracting doesn't always work, due to overflow.  */
138. #define longdiff(a, b) ((a) < (b) ? -1 : (a) > (b))
140. /* The field width for inode numbers.  On some hosts inode numbers are
141.    64 bits, so columns won't line up exactly when a huge inode number
142.    is encountered, but in practice 7 digits is usually enough.  */
143. #ifndef INODE_DIGITS
144. # define INODE_DIGITS 7
145. #endif
147. /* Arrange to make lstat calls go through the wrapper function
148.    on systems with an lstat function that does not dereference symlinks
149.    that are specified with a trailing slash.  */
150. #if ! LSTAT_FOLLOWS_SLASHED_SYMLINK
151. int rpl_lstat (const char *, struct stat *);
152. # undef lstat
153. # define lstat(Name, Stat_buf) rpl_lstat(Name, Stat_buf)
154. #endif
156. #if HAVE_STRUCT_DIRENT_D_TYPE && defined DTTOIF
157. # define DT_INIT(Val) = Val
158. #else
159. # define DT_INIT(Val) /* empty */
160. #endif
162. #ifdef ST_MTIM_NSEC
163. # define TIMESPEC_NS(timespec) ((timespec).ST_MTIM_NSEC)
164. #else
165. # define TIMESPEC_NS(timespec) 0
166. #endif
168. #if ! HAVE_STRUCT_STAT_ST_AUTHOR
169. # define st_author st_uid
170. #endif
172. /* Cray/Unicos DMF: use the file's migrated, not real, status */
173. #if HAVE_ST_DM_MODE
174. # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_dm_mode)
175. #else
176. # define ST_DM_MODE(Stat_buf) ((Stat_buf).st_mode)
177. #endif
179. #ifndef LOGIN_NAME_MAX
180. # if _POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX
181. #  define LOGIN_NAME_MAX _POSIX_LOGIN_NAME_MAX
182. # else
183. #  define LOGIN_NAME_MAX 17
184. # endif
185. #endif
187. /* The maximum length of a string representation of a user or group ID,
188.    not counting any terminating NUL byte.  */
189. #define ID_LENGTH_MAX
190.   MAX (LOGIN_NAME_MAX - 1, LONGEST_HUMAN_READABLE)
192. enum filetype
193.   {
194.     unknown DT_INIT (DT_UNKNOWN),
195.     fifo DT_INIT (DT_FIFO),
196.     chardev DT_INIT (DT_CHR),
197.     directory DT_INIT (DT_DIR),
198.     blockdev DT_INIT (DT_BLK),
199.     normal DT_INIT (DT_REG),
200.     symbolic_link DT_INIT (DT_LNK),
201.     sock DT_INIT (DT_SOCK),
202.     arg_directory DT_INIT (2 * (DT_UNKNOWN | DT_FIFO | DT_CHR | DT_DIR | DT_BLK
203.                                 | DT_REG | DT_LNK | DT_SOCK))
204.   };
206. struct fileinfo
207.   {
208.     /* The file name. */
209.     char *name;
211.     struct stat stat;
213.     /* For symbolic link, name of the file linked to, otherwise zero. */
214.     char *linkname;
216.     /* For symbolic link and long listing, st_mode of file linked to, otherwise
217.        zero. */
218.     mode_t linkmode;
220.     /* For symbolic link and color printing, 1 if linked-to file
221.        exists, otherwise 0.  */
222.     int linkok;
224.     enum filetype filetype;
226. #if HAVE_ACL
227.     /* For long listings, true if the file has an access control list.  */
228.     bool have_acl;
229. #endif
230.   };
232. #if HAVE_ACL
233. # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) ((F)->have_acl)
234. #else
235. # define FILE_HAS_ACL(F) 0
236. #endif
238. #define LEN_STR_PAIR(s) sizeof (s) - 1, s
240. /* Null is a valid character in a color indicator (think about Epson
241.    printers, for example) so we have to use a length/buffer string
242.    type.  */
244. struct bin_str
245.   {
246.     int len;                        /* Number of bytes */
247.     const char *string;                /* Pointer to the same */
248.   };
250. #ifndef STDC_HEADERS
251. time_t time ();
252. #endif
254. char *getgroup ();
255. char *getuser ();
257. static size_t quote_name (FILE *out, const char *name,
258.                           struct quoting_options const *options,
259.                           size_t *width);
260. static char *make_link_path (const char *path, const char *linkname);
261. static int decode_switches (int argc, char **argv);
262. static int file_interesting (const struct dirent *next);
263. static uintmax_t gobble_file (const char *name, enum filetype type,
264.                               int explicit_arg, const char *dirname);
265. static void print_color_indicator (const char *name, mode_t mode, int linkok);
266. static void put_indicator (const struct bin_str *ind);
267. static int put_indicator_direct (const struct bin_str *ind);
268. static int length_of_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f);
269. static void add_ignore_pattern (const char *pattern);
270. static void attach (char *dest, const char *dirname, const char *name);
271. static void clear_files (void);
272. static void extract_dirs_from_files (const char *dirname,
273.                                      int ignore_dot_and_dot_dot);
274. static void get_link_name (const char *filename, struct fileinfo *f);
275. static void indent (int from, int to);
276. static void init_column_info (void);
277. static void print_current_files (void);
278. static void print_dir (const char *name, const char *realname);
279. static void print_file_name_and_frills (const struct fileinfo *f);
280. static void print_horizontal (void);
281. static void print_long_format (const struct fileinfo *f);
282. static void print_many_per_line (void);
283. static void print_name_with_quoting (const char *p, mode_t mode,
284.                                      int linkok,
285.                                      struct obstack *stack);
286. static void prep_non_filename_text (void);
287. static void print_type_indicator (mode_t mode);
288. static void print_with_commas (void);
289. static void queue_directory (const char *name, const char *realname);
290. static void sort_files (void);
291. static void parse_ls_color (void);
292. void usage (int status);
294. /* The name the program was run with, stripped of any leading path. */
295. char *program_name;
297. /* Initial size of hash table.
298.    Most hierarchies are likely to be shallower than this.  */
299. #define INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE 30
301. /* The set of `active' directories, from the current command-line argument
302.    to the level in the hierarchy at which files are being listed.
303.    A directory is represented by its device and inode numbers (struct dev_ino).
304.    A directory is added to this set when ls begins listing it or its
305.    entries, and it is removed from the set just after ls has finished
306.    processing it.  This set is used solely to detect loops, e.g., with
307.    mkdir loop; cd loop; ln -s ../loop sub; ls -RL  */
308. static Hash_table *active_dir_set;
310. #define LOOP_DETECT (!!active_dir_set)
312. /* The table of files in the current directory:
314.    `files' points to a vector of `struct fileinfo', one per file.
315.    `nfiles' is the number of elements space has been allocated for.
316.    `files_index' is the number actually in use.  */
318. /* Address of block containing the files that are described.  */
319. static struct fileinfo *files;  /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_file */
321. /* Length of block that `files' points to, measured in files.  */
322. static int nfiles;  /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_alloc */
324. /* Index of first unused in `files'.  */
325. static int files_index;  /* FIXME: rename this to e.g. cwd_n_used */
327. /* When nonzero, in a color listing, color each symlink name according to the
328.    type of file it points to.  Otherwise, color them according to the `ln'
329.    directive in LS_COLORS.  Dangling (orphan) symlinks are treated specially,
330.    regardless.  This is set when `ln=target' appears in LS_COLORS.  */
332. static int color_symlink_as_referent;
334. /* mode of appropriate file for colorization */
335. #define FILE_OR_LINK_MODE(File)
336.     ((color_symlink_as_referent && (File)->linkok)
337.      ? (File)->linkmode : (File)->stat.st_mode)
340. /* Record of one pending directory waiting to be listed.  */
342. struct pending
343.   {
344.     char *name;
345.     /* If the directory is actually the file pointed to by a symbolic link we
346.        were told to list, `realname' will contain the name of the symbolic
347.        link, otherwise zero. */
348.     char *realname;
349.     struct pending *next;
350.   };
352. static struct pending *pending_dirs;
354. /* Current time in seconds and nanoseconds since 1970, updated as
355.    needed when deciding whether a file is recent.  */
357. static time_t current_time = TYPE_MINIMUM (time_t);
358. static int current_time_ns = -1;
360. /* The number of digits to use for block sizes.
361.    4, or more if needed for bigger numbers.  */
363. static int block_size_size;
365. 。。。。。。。。太长了。。。。。。。。
367. int
368. main (int argc, char **argv)
369. {
370.   register int i;
371.   register struct pending *thispend;
372.   unsigned int n_files;
374.   program_name = argv[0];
375.   setlocale (LC_ALL, "");
376.   bindtextdomain (PACKAGE, LOCALEDIR);
377.   textdomain (PACKAGE);
379.   atexit (close_stdout);
381. #define N_ENTRIES(Array) (sizeof Array / sizeof *(Array))
382.   assert (N_ENTRIES (color_indicator) + 1 == N_ENTRIES (indicator_name));
384.   exit_status = 0;
385.   dir_defaulted = 1;
386.   print_dir_name = 1;
387.   pending_dirs = 0;
389.   i = decode_switches (argc, argv);
391.   if (print_with_color)
392.     parse_ls_color ();
394.   /* Test print_with_color again, because the call to parse_ls_color
395.      may have just reset it -- e.g., if LS_COLORS is invalid.  */
396.   if (print_with_color)
397.     {
398.       prep_non_filename_text ();
399.       /* Avoid following symbolic links when possible.  */
400.       if (color_indicator[C_ORPHAN].string != NULL
401.           || (color_indicator[C_MISSING].string != NULL
402.               && format == long_format))
403.         check_symlink_color = 1;
405.       {
406.         unsigned j;
407.         static int const sigs[] = { SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGPIPE,
408.                                     SIGQUIT, SIGTERM, SIGTSTP };
409.         unsigned nsigs = sizeof sigs / sizeof *sigs;
410. #ifdef SA_NOCLDSTOP
411.         struct sigaction oldact, newact;
412.         sigset_t caught_signals;
414.         sigemptyset (&caught_signals);
415.         for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
416.           sigaddset (&caught_signals, sigs[j]);
417.         newact.sa_handler = sighandler;
418.         newact.sa_mask = caught_signals;
419.         newact.sa_flags = 0;
420. #endif
422.         for (j = 0; j < nsigs; j++)
423.           {
424.             int sig = sigs[j];
425. #ifdef SA_NOCLDSTOP
426.             sigaction (sig, NULL, &oldact);
427.             if (oldact.sa_handler != SIG_IGN)
428.               sigaction (sig, &newact, NULL);
429. #else
430.             if (signal (sig, SIG_IGN) != SIG_IGN)
431.               signal (sig, sighandler);
432. #endif
433.           }
434.       }
435.     }
437.   if (dereference == DEREF_UNDEFINED)
438.     dereference = ((immediate_dirs
439.                     || indicator_style == classify
440.                     || format == long_format)
441.                    ? DEREF_NEVER
442.                    : DEREF_COMMAND_LINE_SYMLINK_TO_DIR);
444.   /* When using -R, initialize a data structure we'll use to
445.      detect any directory cycles.  */
446.   if (recursive)
447.     {
448.       active_dir_set = hash_initialize (INITIAL_TABLE_SIZE, NULL,
449.                                         dev_ino_hash,
450.                                         dev_ino_compare,
451.                                         dev_ino_free);
452.       if (active_dir_set == NULL)
453.         xalloc_die ();
455.       obstack_init (&dev_ino_obstack);
456.     }
458.   format_needs_stat = sort_type == sort_time || sort_type == sort_size
459.     || format == long_format
460.     || dereference == DEREF_ALWAYS
461.     || print_block_size || print_inode;
462.   format_needs_type = (format_needs_stat == 0
463.                        && (recursive || print_with_color
464.                            || indicator_style != none));
466.   if (dired)
467.     {
468.       obstack_init (&dired_obstack);
469.       obstack_init (&subdired_obstack);
470.     }
472.   nfiles = 100;
473.   files = XMALLOC (struct fileinfo, nfiles);
474.   files_index = 0;
476.   clear_files ();
478.   n_files = argc - i;
479.   if (0 < n_files)
480.     dir_defaulted = 0;
482.   for (; i < argc; i++)
483.     {
484.       gobble_file (argv[i], unknown, 1, "");
485.     }
487.   if (dir_defaulted)
488.     {
489.       if (immediate_dirs)
490.         gobble_file (".", directory, 1, "");
491.       else
492.         queue_directory (".", 0);
493.     }
495.   if (files_index)
496.     {
497.       sort_files ();
498.       if (!immediate_dirs)
499.         extract_dirs_from_files ("", 0);
500.       /* `files_index' might be zero now.  */
501.     }
503.   /* In the following if/else blocks, it is sufficient to test `pending_dirs'
504.      (and not pending_dirs->name) because there may be no markers in the queue
505.      at this point.  A marker may be enqueued when extract_dirs_from_files is
506.      called with a non-empty string or via print_dir.  */
507.   if (files_index)
508.     {
509.       print_current_files ();
510.       if (pending_dirs)
511.         DIRED_PUTCHAR ('n');
512.     }
513.   else if (n_files <= 1 && pending_dirs && pending_dirs->next == 0)
514.     print_dir_name = 0;
516.   while (pending_dirs)
517.     {
518.       thispend = pending_dirs;
519.       pending_dirs = pending_dirs->next;
521.       if (LOOP_DETECT)
522.         {
523.           if (thispend->name == NULL)
524.             {
525.               /* thispend->name == NULL means this is a marker entry
526.                  indicating we've finished processing the directory.
527.                  Use its dev/ino numbers to remove the corresponding
528.                  entry from the active_dir_set hash table.  */
529.               struct dev_ino di = dev_ino_pop ();
530.               struct dev_ino *found = hash_delete (active_dir_set, &di);
531.               /* ASSERT_MATCHING_DEV_INO (thispend->realname, di); */
532.               assert (found);
533.               dev_ino_free (found);
534.               free_pending_ent (thispend);
535.               continue;
536.             }
537.         }
539.       print_dir (thispend->name, thispend->realname);
541.       free_pending_ent (thispend);
542.       print_dir_name = 1;
543.     }
545.   if (dired)
546.     {
547.       /* No need to free these since we're about to exit.  */
548.       dired_dump_obstack ("//DIRED//", &dired_obstack);
549.       dired_dump_obstack ("//SUBDIRED//", &subdired_obstack);
550.       printf ("//DIRED-OPTIONS// --quoting-style=%sn",
551.               quoting_style_args[get_quoting_style (filename_quoting_options)]);
552.     }
554.   /* Restore default color before exiting */
555.   if (print_with_color)
556.     {
557.       put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_LEFT]);
558.       put_indicator (&color_indicator[C_RIGHT]);
559.     }
561.   if (LOOP_DETECT)
562.     {
563.       assert (hash_get_n_entries (active_dir_set) == 0);
564.       hash_free (active_dir_set);
565.     }
567.   exit (exit_status);
568. }
570. 。。。。。。。。太长了。。。。。。。。

复制代码

Answer 4

coreutils
findutils
diffutils

Answer 5

在fedora.redhat.com可找到

Answer 6

Q：如何知道cd、ls等命令来自哪个软件包？
A：cd是shell内建命令，除非看shell源代码，否则没有源码； ls则#rpm -ql `which ls`。 其它类似。

Answer 7

原帖由 dbcat 于 2006-4-24 13:31 发表
gnu.org

哈哈。。。当然是在gnu.org了，真是一时糊涂。。。谢谢美女了。。。

这些命令在gnu.org中叫coreutils（The GNU Core Utilities）
http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/coreutils.html

下载地址在
ftp://sunsite.ust.hk/pub/gnu/coreutils/

希望对大家有点用。。。呵呵。。。

Answer 8

gnu.org

Answer 9

自己顶下。。。