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2.4. DHCP协议

2.4.1. 简介

动态主机配置协议 (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol，DHCP) 是一个用于局域网的网络协议，位于OSI模型的应用层，使用UDP协议工作，主要用于自动分配IP地址给用户，方便管理员进行统一管理。

DHCP服务器端使用67/udp，客户端使用68/udp。DHCP运行分为四个基本过程，分别为请求IP租约、提供IP租约、选择IP租约和确认IP租约。客户端在获得了一个IP地址以后，就可以发送一个ARP请求来避免由于DHCP服务器地址池重叠而引发的IP冲突。

2.4.2. DCHP 报文格式

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
|     op (1)    |   htype (1)   |   hlen (1)    |   hops (1)    |
+---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
|                            xid (4)                            |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|           secs (2)            |           flags (2)           |
+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+
|                          ciaddr  (4)                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          yiaddr  (4)                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          siaddr  (4)                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          giaddr  (4)                          |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          chaddr  (16)                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          sname   (64)                         |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          file    (128)                        |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+
|                          options (variable)                   |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+

2.4.3. 参考链接

• DHCP Wiki

2.4.3.1. RFC

• RFC 2131 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
• RFC 2132 DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions
• RFC 3046 DHCP Relay Agent Information Option
• RFC 3397 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Domain Search Option
• RFC 3442 Classless Static Route Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) version 4
• RFC 3942 Reclassifying Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4) Options
• RFC 4242 Information Refresh Time Option for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
• RFC 4361 Node-specific Client Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4)
• RFC 4436 Detecting Network Attachment in IPv4 (DNAv4)