Question

2039. The Time When the Network Becomes Idle

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Description

There is a network of n servers, labeled from 0 to n - 1. You are given a 2D integer array edges, where edges[i] = [ui, vi] indicates there is a message channel between servers ui and vi, and they can pass any number of messages to each other directly in one second. You are also given a 0-indexed integer array patience of length n.

All servers are connected, i.e., a message can be passed from one server to any other server(s) directly or indirectly through the message channels.

The server labeled 0 is the master server. The rest are data servers. Each data server needs to send its message to the master server for processing and wait for a reply. Messages move between servers optimally, so every message takes the least amount of time to arrive at the master server. The master server will process all newly arrived messages instantly and send a reply to the originating server via the reversed path the message had gone through.

At the beginning of second 0, each data server sends its message to be processed. Starting from second 1, at the beginning of every second, each data server will check if it has received a reply to the message it sent (including any newly arrived replies) from the master server:

• If it has not, it will resend the message periodically. The data server i will resend the message every patience[i] second(s), i.e., the data server i will resend the message if patience[i] second(s) have elapsed since the last time the message was sent from this server.
• Otherwise, no more resending will occur from this server.

The network becomes idle when there are no messages passing between servers or arriving at servers.

Return _the earliest second starting from which the network becomes idle_.

 

Example 1:

Input: edges = [[0,1],[1,2]], patience = [0,2,1]
Output: 8
Explanation:
At (the beginning of) second 0,
- Data server 1 sends its message (denoted 1A) to the master server.
- Data server 2 sends its message (denoted 2A) to the master server.

At second 1,

-   Message 1A arrives at the master server. Master server processes message 1A instantly and sends a reply 1A back.
-   Server 1 has not received any reply. 1 second (1 < patience[1] = 2) elapsed since this server has sent the message, therefore it does not resend the message.
-   Server 2 has not received any reply. 1 second (1 == patience[2] = 1) elapsed since this server has sent the message, therefore it resends the message (denoted 2B).

At second 2,

-   The reply 1A arrives at server 1. No more resending will occur from server 1.
-   Message 2A arrives at the master server. Master server processes message 2A instantly and sends a reply 2A back.
-   Server 2 resends the message (denoted 2C).
  ...
  At second 4,
-   The reply 2A arrives at server 2. No more resending will occur from server 2.
  ...
  At second 7, reply 2D arrives at server 2.

Starting from the beginning of the second 8, there are no messages passing between servers or arriving at servers.
This is the time when the network becomes idle.

Example 2:

Input: edges = [[0,1],[0,2],[1,2]], patience = [0,10,10]
Output: 3
Explanation: Data servers 1 and 2 receive a reply back at the beginning of second 2.
From the beginning of the second 3, the network becomes idle.

 

Constraints:

• n == patience.length
• 2 <= n <= 105
• patience[0] == 0
• 1 <= patience[i] <= 105 for 1 <= i < n
• 1 <= edges.length <= min(105, n * (n - 1) / 2)
• edges[i].length == 2
• 0 <= ui, vi < n
• ui != vi
• There are no duplicate edges.
• Each server can directly or indirectly reach another server.

Solutions

Solution 1: BFS

First, we construct an undirected graph $g$ based on the 2D array $edges$, where $g[u]$ represents all neighboring nodes of node $u$.

Then, we can use breadth-first search (BFS) to find the shortest distance $d_i$ from each node $i$ to the main server. The earliest time that node $i$ can receive a reply after sending a message is $2 \times d_i$. Since each data server $i$ resends a message every $patience[i]$ seconds, the last time that each data server sends a message is $(2 \times d_i - 1) / patience[i] \times patience[i]$. Therefore, the latest time that the network becomes idle is $(2 \times d_i - 1) / patience[i] \times patience[i] + 2 \times d_i$, plus 1 second for processing time. We find the latest of these times, which is the earliest time that the computer network becomes idle.

The time complexity is $O(n)$, and the space complexity is $O(n)$. Here, $n$ is the number of nodes.

class Solution:
  def networkBecomesIdle(self, edges: List[List[int]], patience: List[int]) -> int:
    g = defaultdict(list)
    for u, v in edges:
      g[u].append(v)
      g[v].append(u)
    q = deque([0])
    vis = {0}
    ans = d = 0
    while q:
      d += 1
      t = d * 2
      for _ in range(len(q)):
        u = q.popleft()
        for v in g[u]:
          if v not in vis:
            vis.add(v)
            q.append(v)
            ans = max(ans, (t - 1) // patience[v] * patience[v] + t + 1)
    return ans

class Solution {
  public int networkBecomesIdle(int[][] edges, int[] patience) {
    int n = patience.length;
    List<Integer>[] g = new List[n];
    Arrays.setAll(g, k -> new ArrayList<>());
    for (int[] e : edges) {
      int u = e[0], v = e[1];
      g[u].add(v);
      g[v].add(u);
    }
    Deque<Integer> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
    q.offer(0);
    boolean[] vis = new boolean[n];
    vis[0] = true;
    int ans = 0, d = 0;
    while (!q.isEmpty()) {
      ++d;
      int t = d * 2;
      for (int i = q.size(); i > 0; --i) {
        int u = q.poll();
        for (int v : g[u]) {
          if (!vis[v]) {
            vis[v] = true;
            q.offer(v);
            ans = Math.max(ans, (t - 1) / patience[v] * patience[v] + t + 1);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }
}

class Solution {
public:
  int networkBecomesIdle(vector<vector<int>>& edges, vector<int>& patience) {
    int n = patience.size();
    vector<int> g[n];
    for (auto& e : edges) {
      int u = e[0], v = e[1];
      g[u].push_back(v);
      g[v].push_back(u);
    }
    queue<int> q{{0}};
    bool vis[n];
    memset(vis, false, sizeof(vis));
    vis[0] = true;
    int ans = 0, d = 0;
    while (!q.empty()) {
      ++d;
      int t = d * 2;
      for (int i = q.size(); i; --i) {
        int u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for (int v : g[u]) {
          if (!vis[v]) {
            vis[v] = true;
            q.push(v);
            ans = max(ans, (t - 1) / patience[v] * patience[v] + t + 1);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return ans;
  }
};

func networkBecomesIdle(edges [][]int, patience []int) (ans int) {
  n := len(patience)
  g := make([][]int, n)
  for _, e := range edges {
    u, v := e[0], e[1]
    g[u] = append(g[u], v)
    g[v] = append(g[v], u)
  }
  q := []int{0}
  vis := make([]bool, n)
  vis[0] = true
  for d := 1; len(q) > 0; d++ {
    t := d * 2
    for i := len(q); i > 0; i-- {
      u := q[0]
      q = q[1:]
      for _, v := range g[u] {
        if !vis[v] {
          vis[v] = true
          q = append(q, v)
          ans = max(ans, (t-1)/patience[v]*patience[v]+t+1)
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return
}

function networkBecomesIdle(edges: number[][], patience: number[]): number {
  const n = patience.length;
  const g: number[][] = Array.from({ length: n }, () => []);
  for (const [u, v] of edges) {
    g[u].push(v);
    g[v].push(u);
  }
  const vis: boolean[] = Array.from({ length: n }, () => false);
  vis[0] = true;
  let q: number[] = [0];
  let ans = 0;
  for (let d = 1; q.length > 0; ++d) {
    const t = d * 2;
    const nq: number[] = [];
    for (const u of q) {
      for (const v of g[u]) {
        if (!vis[v]) {
          vis[v] = true;
          nq.push(v);
          ans = Math.max(ans, (((t - 1) / patience[v]) | 0) * patience[v] + t + 1);
        }
      }
    }
    q = nq;
  }
  return ans;
}