Question

1575. Count All Possible Routes

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Description

You are given an array of distinct positive integers locations where locations[i] represents the position of city i. You are also given integers start, finish and fuel representing the starting city, ending city, and the initial amount of fuel you have, respectively.

At each step, if you are at city i, you can pick any city j such that j != i and 0 <= j < locations.length and move to city j. Moving from city i to city j reduces the amount of fuel you have by |locations[i] - locations[j]|. Please notice that |x| denotes the absolute value of x.

Notice that fuel cannot become negative at any point in time, and that you are allowed to visit any city more than once (including start and finish).

Return _the count of all possible routes from _start _to_ finish. Since the answer may be too large, return it modulo 109 + 7.

 

Example 1:

Input: locations = [2,3,6,8,4], start = 1, finish = 3, fuel = 5
Output: 4
Explanation: The following are all possible routes, each uses 5 units of fuel:
1 -> 3
1 -> 2 -> 3
1 -> 4 -> 3
1 -> 4 -> 2 -> 3

Example 2:

Input: locations = [4,3,1], start = 1, finish = 0, fuel = 6
Output: 5
Explanation: The following are all possible routes:
1 -> 0, used fuel = 1
1 -> 2 -> 0, used fuel = 5
1 -> 2 -> 1 -> 0, used fuel = 5
1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0, used fuel = 3
1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0 -> 1 -> 0, used fuel = 5

Example 3:

Input: locations = [5,2,1], start = 0, finish = 2, fuel = 3
Output: 0
Explanation: It is impossible to get from 0 to 2 using only 3 units of fuel since the shortest route needs 4 units of fuel.

 

Constraints:

• 2 <= locations.length <= 100
• 1 <= locations[i] <= 109
• All integers in locations are distinct.
• 0 <= start, finish < locations.length
• 1 <= fuel <= 200

Solutions

Solution 1: Memoization

We design a function $dfs(i, k)$, which represents the number of paths from city $i$ with $k$ remaining fuel to the destination $finish$. So the answer is $dfs(start, fuel)$.

The process of calculating the function $dfs(i, k)$ is as follows:

• If $k \lt |locations[i] - locations[finish]|$, then return $0$.
• If $i = finish$, then the number of paths is $1$ at the beginning, otherwise it is $0$.
• Then, we traverse all cities $j$. If $j \ne i$, then we can move from city $i$ to city $j$, and the remaining fuel is $k - |locations[i] - locations[j]|$. Then we can add the number of paths to the answer $dfs(j, k - |locations[i] - locations[j]|)$.
• Finally, we return the number of paths to the answer.

To avoid repeated calculations, we can use memoization.

The time complexity is $O(n^2 \times m)$, and the space complexity is $O(n \times m)$. Where $n$ and $m$ are the size of the array $locations$ and $fuel$ respectively.

class Solution:
  def countRoutes(
    self, locations: List[int], start: int, finish: int, fuel: int
  ) -> int:
    @cache
    def dfs(i: int, k: int) -> int:
      if k < abs(locations[i] - locations[finish]):
        return 0
      ans = int(i == finish)
      for j, x in enumerate(locations):
        if j != i:
          ans = (ans + dfs(j, k - abs(locations[i] - x))) % mod
      return ans

    mod = 10**9 + 7
    return dfs(start, fuel)

class Solution {
  private int[] locations;
  private int finish;
  private int n;
  private Integer[][] f;
  private final int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;

  public int countRoutes(int[] locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
    n = locations.length;
    this.locations = locations;
    this.finish = finish;
    f = new Integer[n][fuel + 1];
    return dfs(start, fuel);
  }

  private int dfs(int i, int k) {
    if (k < Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[finish])) {
      return 0;
    }
    if (f[i][k] != null) {
      return f[i][k];
    }
    int ans = i == finish ? 1 : 0;
    for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
      if (j != i) {
        ans = (ans + dfs(j, k - Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j]))) % mod;
      }
    }
    return f[i][k] = ans;
  }
}

class Solution {
public:
  int countRoutes(vector<int>& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
    int n = locations.size();
    int f[n][fuel + 1];
    memset(f, -1, sizeof(f));
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    function<int(int, int)> dfs = [&](int i, int k) -> int {
      if (k < abs(locations[i] - locations[finish])) {
        return 0;
      }
      if (f[i][k] != -1) {
        return f[i][k];
      }
      int ans = i == finish;
      for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
        if (j != i) {
          ans = (ans + dfs(j, k - abs(locations[i] - locations[j]))) % mod;
        }
      }
      return f[i][k] = ans;
    };
    return dfs(start, fuel);
  }
};

func countRoutes(locations []int, start int, finish int, fuel int) int {
  n := len(locations)
  f := make([][]int, n)
  for i := range f {
    f[i] = make([]int, fuel+1)
    for j := range f[i] {
      f[i][j] = -1
    }
  }
  const mod = 1e9 + 7
  var dfs func(int, int) int
  dfs = func(i, k int) (ans int) {
    if k < abs(locations[i]-locations[finish]) {
      return 0
    }
    if f[i][k] != -1 {
      return f[i][k]
    }
    if i == finish {
      ans = 1
    }
    for j, x := range locations {
      if j != i {
        ans = (ans + dfs(j, k-abs(locations[i]-x))) % mod
      }
    }
    f[i][k] = ans
    return
  }
  return dfs(start, fuel)
}

func abs(x int) int {
  if x < 0 {
    return -x
  }
  return x
}

function countRoutes(locations: number[], start: number, finish: number, fuel: number): number {
  const n = locations.length;
  const f = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(fuel + 1).fill(-1));
  const mod = 1e9 + 7;
  const dfs = (i: number, k: number): number => {
    if (k < Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[finish])) {
      return 0;
    }
    if (f[i][k] !== -1) {
      return f[i][k];
    }
    let ans = i === finish ? 1 : 0;
    for (let j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
      if (j !== i) {
        const x = Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j]);
        ans = (ans + dfs(j, k - x)) % mod;
      }
    }
    return (f[i][k] = ans);
  };
  return dfs(start, fuel);
}

Solution 2: Dynamic Programming

We can also convert the memoization of solution 1 into dynamic programming.

We define $f[i][k]$ represents the number of paths from city $i$ with $k$ remaining fuel to the destination $finish$. So the answer is $f[start][fuel]$. Initially $f[finish][k]=1$, others are $0$.

Next, we enumerate the remaining fuel $k$ from small to large, and then enumerate all cities $i$. For each city $i$, we enumerate all cities $j$. If $j \ne i$, and $|locations[i] - locations[j]| \le k$, then we can move from city $i$ to city $j$, and the remaining fuel is $k - |locations[i] - locations[j]|$. Then we can add the number of paths to the answer $f[j][k - |locations[i] - locations[j]|]$.

Finally, we return the number of paths to the answer $f[start][fuel]$.

The time complexity is $O(n^2 \times m)$, and the space complexity is $O(n \times m)$. Where $n$ and $m$ are the size of the array $locations$ and $fuel$ respectively.

class Solution:
  def countRoutes(
    self, locations: List[int], start: int, finish: int, fuel: int
  ) -> int:
    mod = 10**9 + 7
    n = len(locations)
    f = [[0] * (fuel + 1) for _ in range(n)]
    for k in range(fuel + 1):
      f[finish][k] = 1
    for k in range(fuel + 1):
      for i in range(n):
        for j in range(n):
          if j != i and abs(locations[i] - locations[j]) <= k:
            f[i][k] = (
              f[i][k] + f[j][k - abs(locations[i] - locations[j])]
            ) % mod
    return f[start][fuel]

class Solution {
  public int countRoutes(int[] locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
    final int mod = (int) 1e9 + 7;
    int n = locations.length;
    int[][] f = new int[n][fuel + 1];
    for (int k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
      f[finish][k] = 1;
    }
    for (int k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
          if (j != i && Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j]) <= k) {
            f[i][k] = (f[i][k] + f[j][k - Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j])]) % mod;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return f[start][fuel];
  }
}

class Solution {
public:
  int countRoutes(vector<int>& locations, int start, int finish, int fuel) {
    const int mod = 1e9 + 7;
    int n = locations.size();
    int f[n][fuel + 1];
    memset(f, 0, sizeof(f));
    for (int k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
      f[finish][k] = 1;
    }
    for (int k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
      for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for (int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
          if (j != i && abs(locations[i] - locations[j]) <= k) {
            f[i][k] = (f[i][k] + f[j][k - abs(locations[i] - locations[j])]) % mod;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return f[start][fuel];
  }
};

func countRoutes(locations []int, start int, finish int, fuel int) int {
  n := len(locations)
  const mod = 1e9 + 7
  f := make([][]int, n)
  for i := range f {
    f[i] = make([]int, fuel+1)
  }
  for k := 0; k <= fuel; k++ {
    f[finish][k] = 1
  }
  for k := 0; k <= fuel; k++ {
    for i := 0; i < n; i++ {
      for j := 0; j < n; j++ {
        if j != i && abs(locations[i]-locations[j]) <= k {
          f[i][k] = (f[i][k] + f[j][k-abs(locations[i]-locations[j])]) % mod
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return f[start][fuel]
}

func abs(x int) int {
  if x < 0 {
    return -x
  }
  return x
}

function countRoutes(locations: number[], start: number, finish: number, fuel: number): number {
  const n = locations.length;
  const f = Array.from({ length: n }, () => Array(fuel + 1).fill(0));
  for (let k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
    f[finish][k] = 1;
  }
  const mod = 1e9 + 7;
  for (let k = 0; k <= fuel; ++k) {
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
      for (let j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
        if (j !== i && Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j]) <= k) {
          f[i][k] = (f[i][k] + f[j][k - Math.abs(locations[i] - locations[j])]) % mod;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return f[start][fuel];
}