- Status of This Document
- 1. Introduction 绪论 緒論
- 2. Basics of Chinese Composition 中文排版基础 中文排版基礎
- 3. Line composition 行内文字排版处理 行內文字排版處理
- 4. Positioning of Headings, Notes, Illustrations, Tables and Expressions 标题、注释与图片、表格的排版处理 標題、注釋與圖片、表格的排版處理
- A. Punctuation marks in Chinese 中文标点符号表 中文標點符號表
- B. Glossary 词汇表 詞彙表
- C. References 参考文献 參考文獻
- D. Revision Log 修订记录 修訂記錄
4. Positioning of Headings, Notes, Illustrations, Tables and Expressions 标题、注释与图片、表格的排版处理 標題、注釋與圖片、表格的排版處理
4.1 Headings & Page Breaks 标题处理(包含换页处理) 標題處理(包含換頁處理)
4.1.1 Types of Headings 标题的种类 標題的種類
In terms of text composition, there are three types of headings.
标题依照排版处理方式,可分为三种:
標題依照排版處理方式,可分為以下三種:
Whole-page headings
全页标题
全頁標題
Block headings
内文标题
內文標題
Run-in headings
同行标题
同行標題
Due to the composition requirements, magazines usually handle headings in a variety of ways, while most books have their headings set up in a simpler way. Methods for handling of headings for magazines will not be described in this document.
杂志因为排版需求,标题会使用相当多种多样的方式处理,但书籍排版较为单纯,故不将杂志使用的标题配置方式列于本文件之中。
雜誌因為排版需求,標題會使用相當多種多樣的方式處理,但書籍排版較為單純,故不將雜誌使用的標題配置方式列於本文件之中。
Whole page headings are used when there is a need to separate sections in a book, usually on a separate page with the following page left blank. Sometimes subheadings, selected sentences, names of the authors or selected paragraphs will also appear with the heading. The back side of the heading page is not necessarily always blank, for example, consider the Han-tobira in Japanese books, whose following even page is not blank, and is used for the main text.
全页为书籍中需要大幅区分时使用,为了标题而使用一整页,背面为空白。有时还会有副标、摘句、作者名以及图片、部分段落等元素配置其上。有时也有背面不为空白的使用方式。通常在书籍内文开始处,会以扉页标注书名。
全頁為書籍中需要大幅區分時使用,為了標題而使用一整頁,背面為空白。有時還會有副標、摘句、作者名以及圖片、部分段落等元素配置其上。有時也有背面不為空白的使用方式。通常在書籍內文開始處,會以扉頁標注書名。
A block heading is the heading occupying a whole, independent line. The main text is set on the very next line. Top level headings and medium level headings are of this type.
内文标题是以独立一行呈现标题的作法。在标题后换行,直接接续本文。大标与中标等使用这种形式配置。
內文標題是以獨立一行呈現標題的作法。於標題後換行,直接接續本文。大標與中標等使用這種形式配置。
NoteHeadings are subtitles, which separate and indicate sub-parts with one coherent set of content. Headings are usually classified into several levels such as top level headings, medium level headings and low level headings.
标题是为了区分内容而添加,依照阶层构造,由上而下分别为扉页、大标、中标、小标。
標題是為了區分內容而添加,依照階層構造,由上而下分別為扉頁、大標、中標、小標。
NoteThe sequence of headings on a page should be the name of the book, the section heading, the top level heading, the medium level heading followed by the low level heading.
扉页通常指一本书的蝴蝶页,如果依照放标题顺序,依序是:书名页、章名页、大标、中标、小标。
扉頁通常指一本書的蝴蝶頁,如果依照放標題順序,依序是:書名頁、章名頁、大標、中標、小標。
NoteThe structure of a heading depends on the detailed context of the book. It is suggested not to set too many levels for headings.
标题构造结构为何,依照书籍内容而定。有人认为标题层级不应该过多。
標題構造結構為何,依照書籍內容而定。有人認為標題層級不應該過多。
NoteIn a multi-column format, block headings sometimes span multiple columns. These are called cross-column headings.
多栏排列时,有着将换行标题置于复数栏的配置方法。称为跨栏标题。
多欄排列時,有著將換行標題置於複數欄的配置方法。稱為「跨欄標題」。
A run-in heading is a heading immediately followed by main text without a line break, and is usually used as a low level heading. Note that a low level heading can also appear as a block heading.
同行标题为标题后接的文章不予换行,而以接续在标题后面继续排列的形式呈现。同行标题主要用于小标。此外,小标也会使用换行标题。
同行標題為標題後接的文章不予換行,而以接續在標題後面繼續排列的形式呈現。同行標題主要利用於小標。此外,小標也會使用換行標題。
4.1.2 Font Selection and Heading Font Size 突显标题的方式 突顯標題的方式
Since they aim to indicate the structural level, most of the time headings have some special way to indicate their level. Here are some rules for the headings:
标题主要是为了呈现阶层结构,所以需要以特别的表现体裁来显示其阶层。标题的表现体裁包含以下几种方式:
標題主要是為了呈現階層結構,所以需要以特別的表現體裁來顯示其階層。標題的表現體裁包含以下幾種方式:
Character size for the heading: The character size of headings should be selected in accordance with the level of headings. For example, when the character size of main text is 9 point, the small headings are usually set in 10 points, medium headings are usually set in 12 points and large headings are usually set in 14 points.
使用不同的文字尺寸呈现标题的阶层,例如,有着大标、中标、小标时,小标比本文文字尺寸(例如:9pt)大一阶段(例如:10pt),中标则比小标大一阶段(例如:12pt),大标则比中标大一阶段(例如:14pt)。
使用不同的文字尺寸呈現標題的階層,例如,有著大標、中標、小標時,小標比本文文字尺寸(例如:9pt)大一階段(例如:10pt),中標則比小標大一階段(例如:12pt),大標則比中標大一階段(例如:14pt)。
NoteThe character size of headings is usually larger than that of the main text. When this rule is applied, the characters in the heading should be 10% to 20% larger. And the character size of higher level headings is larger than the size of smaller size headings.
也有采用将本文文字尺寸依照比例放大的方式,使用这方式时,以10%–20%上下,依阶层放大为佳。
也有採用將本文文字尺寸依照比例放大的方式,使用這方式時,以10%–20%上下,依階層放大為佳。
Type faces for headings: Both Hei or bold Song are usually used. Other type face designs like Yuan and Kai are sometimes used as well.
字体使用黑体,或者采用宋体加粗。此外,也有使用圆体、楷体的案例。
使用的字體使用黑體,或者採用宋體但加粗。此外,也有使用圓體、楷體的案例。
NoteIn letterpress printing, when Song is used as the type face of the heading, it is always designed with a larger size; while in digital printing, due to its special typography, simply increasing the font size is not enough, the characters usually use bold style to indicate emphasis.
活版印刷使用作为标题的宋体字,其活字设计时都会因为供标题使用而字重偏重。但使用数字字体时由于是采内文字设计,放大字级后显得过轻,几乎都会加重字重为粗体。
活版印刷使用作為標題的宋體字,其活字設計時都會因為供標題使用而字重偏重。但使用數位字體時由於是採內文字設計,放大字級後顯得過輕,幾乎都會加重字重為粗體。
NoteWhen Hei is used as the type face of low level headings, the font-weight should be increased to emphasize the heading.
使用黑体作为小标时,也都会加重字重,令标题突显。
使用黑體作為小標時,也都會加重字重,令標題凸顯。
Alignment of headings (inline direction): In the case of horizontal writing mode, large headings and medium headings are in most cases center-aligned. In the case of vertical writing mode, headings are usually aligned to the line head with some indent.
对齐横排的大标与中标使用置中对齐的案例相当多,但直排时,则多使用对齐行首或下字。
對齊橫排的大標與中標使用置中對齊的案例相當多,但直排時,則多使用對齊行頭或下字。
NoteThe number of characters of line head indent for a heading depends on the heading level. If the heading level is higher, the indent character number is less, if the heading level is lower, the number of indent characters is more. The character size is based on the main text of the type area. The difference in character numbers is usually around two characters.
下字时,下字的量一般使用版心设定文字尺寸的两倍汉字的长宽。大标、中标、小标下字量,由各排版者决定,无一定规则。
下字時,下字的量一般使用版心設定文字尺寸的二倍漢字之長寬。大標、中標、小標下字量,由各排版者決定,無一定規則。
Whether to decorate with solid lines, images, or give a symbol on the top of the heading.
其它加上框线、图片、记号等。
其他加上框線、圖片、記號等。
4.1.3 How to Handle Headings with New Recto and Page Break 单页起、换页处理 單頁起、換頁處理
A large heading sometimes starts with a new page following a page break, to clearly demarcate the separation between sections, in which case the process below should be followed:
标题为了做出明确区分,而会使用在新页面开始的方法,此时按照以下原则处理。
標題為了作出明確區分,而會使用於新頁面開始的方法,此時以以下原則處理:
Always begin with odd pages, i.e. new recto.
一定要出现于奇数页称为单页起,主要应用于扉页、大标等。
一定要出現於奇數頁稱為單頁起,主要應用於扉頁、大標等。
NoteBooks usually begin with page 1. Accordingly, vertical writing mode and books bound on the right-hand side begin with a left page, horizontal writing mode and books bound on the left-hand side begin with a right page after a new recto.
书籍由封面作为第一页开始,所以直排右翻书,由左页开始(称为左页起),横排左翻书,由右 页开始(称为右页起)。
書籍由封面作為第一頁開始,所以直排右翻書,由左頁開始(稱為左頁起),橫排左翻書,由右頁開始(稱為右頁起)。
Always begin with new pages, regardless of even pages or odd pages, i.e. page breaking. Used for large headings.
不分奇数页还偶数页,从新页面开始称为换页。主要用于大标。
不分奇數頁還偶數頁,從新頁面開始稱為換頁。主要用於大標。
When medium headings or small headings appear on the last line of a page and there is no space left for the following paragraphs, the medium headings or small headings should be moved to the next page.
当中标、小标出现在某一页的最末尾,其后没有空间以至于无法接续内文段落时,由于这样的呈现会使得体裁不良,也会让中标、小标换页,在下一页开头呈现。
當中標、小標出現於某一頁的最末尾,其後沒有空間以至於無法接續內文段落時,由於這樣的呈現會使得體裁不良,也會讓中標、小標換頁,於下一頁開頭呈現。
4.1.4 Handling of Spaces just before the New Recto, Page Breaks and New Edges 单页起、换页处理时,前一页的处理 單頁起、換頁處理時,前一頁的處理
Spaces just before new rectos, page breaks and new columns are treated as follows (the last pages are treated as the same):
单页起、换页处理时,前一页的排版处理会是问题(最终页的处理亦同),按照以下原则处理:
單頁起、換頁處理時,前一頁的排版處理會是問題(最終頁的處理亦同),以以下原則處理:
In the case of single column typesetting, the spaces just before the new rectos and page breaks are left as they are.
不分栏排版遇到单页起与换页时,前一页末尾后面留空即可。
不分欄排版遇到單頁起與換頁時,前一頁末尾後面留空即可。
In the case of multiple columns, the remaining space of preceding columns is left as it is.
换栏时,前一栏末尾后面留空即可。
換欄時,前一欄末尾後面留空即可。
In the case of vertical writing mode, columns are filled with text lines from upper right to lower left. There is no need to align line numbers of the upper column and lower column, and remaining spaces are left as they are.
直排多栏排版时,由上栏往下栏,各行依序排列,行数可不齐。
直排多欄排版時,由上欄往下欄,各行依序排列,行數可不齊。
In horizontal writing mode and multi-column format, the number of lines for each column is set to be the same, but where the result of the total number of lines divided by the column number chosen for the type area results in an odd number, the last column may have a smaller number of lines and may be followed by a blank space.
横排多栏排版时,各栏行数原则上需对齐。若无法对齐时,不足的行数在最右栏末尾留空。
橫排多欄排版時,各欄行數原則上需對齊。若無法對齊時,不足的行數於最右欄末留空。
4.1.5 Processing of Run-in Headings 同行标题的处理方式 同行標題的處理方式
Run-in headings are usually used for low level headings. The following are some examples of run-in headings. Inter-character space between the run-in heading and following main text is usually a one character space of the base character size decided for the type area. Note that the run-in heading may be set at the last line of the page, or of the column in multi column style.
同行标题主要用于小标,以下介绍几个同行标题的配置范例。同行标题与之后接续内文的空白量,一般为版心设定文字尺寸的全角空白。此外,同行标题可以配置于页末。
同行標題主要用於小標,以下介紹幾個同行標題的配置範例。同行標題與之後接續內文的空白量,一般為版心設定文字尺寸的全形空白。此外,同行標題可以配置於頁末。
The run-in heading is set with the same character size as the main text and in Hei or Kai.
与内文采相同文字尺寸,字体改为黑体或者楷体。
與內文採相同文字尺寸,字體改為黑體或者楷體。
Set the run-in heading in a character size not smaller than the main text and use Hei or Kai.
不比内文文字尺寸较小,字体改为黑体或者楷体。
不比內文文字尺寸較小,字體改為黑體或者楷體。
NoteThe space that the run-in headings take is not an integer times larger than the characters in the body content, and the space between the run-in headings and body content can be adjusted so as to align the body content as well as the line start and line end.
此时同行标题所占空间并非内文文字尺寸的整数倍,所以可调整与内文间的空白量,以避免内文文字无法纵横对齐,或者无法齐行首、行尾。
此時同行標題所占空間並非內文文字尺寸的整數倍,所以可調整與內文間的空白量,以避免內文文字無法縱橫對齊,或者無法齊行首、行尾。
Set the run-in heading with the same character size and typeface as the main text, but add heading numbers or Western characters in front of the heading.
与内文采用相同文字尺寸与字体,但在前面添加汉字数字或阿拉伯数字。
與內文採用相同文字尺寸與字體,但於前面添加漢字數字或阿拉伯數字。
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