Question

许多时候都要求将合成与继承两种技术结合起来使用。下面这个例子展示了如何同时采用继承与合成技术，从而创建一个更复杂的类，同时进行必要的构建器初始化工作：

//: PlaceSetting.java
// Combining composition & inheritance

class Plate {
  Plate(int i) {
    System.out.println("Plate constructor");
  }
}

class DinnerPlate extends Plate {
  DinnerPlate(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println(
      "DinnerPlate constructor");
  }
}

class Utensil {
  Utensil(int i) {
    System.out.println("Utensil constructor");
  }
}

class Spoon extends Utensil {
  Spoon(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Spoon constructor");
  }
}

class Fork extends Utensil {
  Fork(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Fork constructor");
  }
}

class Knife extends Utensil {
  Knife(int i) {
    super(i);
    System.out.println("Knife constructor");
  }
}

// A cultural way of doing something:
class Custom {
  Custom(int i) {
    System.out.println("Custom constructor");
  }
}

public class PlaceSetting extends Custom {
  Spoon sp;
  Fork frk;
  Knife kn;
  DinnerPlate pl;
  PlaceSetting(int i) {
    super(i + 1);
    sp = new Spoon(i + 2);
    frk = new Fork(i + 3);
    kn = new Knife(i + 4);
    pl = new DinnerPlate(i + 5);
    System.out.println(
      "PlaceSetting constructor");
  }
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    PlaceSetting x = new PlaceSetting(9);
  }
} ///:~

尽管编译器会强迫我们对基础类进行初始化，并要求我们在构建器最开头做这一工作，但它并不会监视我们是否正确初始化了成员对象。所以对此必须特别加以留意。