Question

Django带有一个高聚合的框架让创造RSS 和 Atom更容易。

创建聚合feed，你要做的仅仅是写一个简短的Python类。你想要创造多少，就能创造多少feeds。

Django 也带有一个低等级的生成feed的API。如果你想要生成一个外部的Web内容或者其他普通的方式，你可以使用它。

高等级的框架

概述

高等级的feed聚合框架由Feed类提供。新建一个feed，写一个Feed类，然后指向你的URLconf.

Feed 类

一个 Feed类就是一个提供聚合种子的Python类。一个简单的种子（例如新闻的信息种子，或者只展示博客最新消息）更多功能的种子（例如展示博客中允许展示的特定类别的条目）。

Feed类继承自django.contrib.syndication.views.Feed。它们可以在你代码中的任意一处。

Feed类需要是你URLconf中的实例。

一个简单的示例

这个简单的示例，演示了某站点的最近五条新闻的记录：

from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed
from django.core.urlresolvers import reverse
from policebeat.models import NewsItem

class LatestEntriesFeed(Feed):
    title = "Police beat site news"
    link = "/sitenews/"
    description = "Updates on changes and additions to police beat central."

    def items(self):
        return NewsItem.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

    def item_title(self, item):
        return item.title

    def item_description(self, item):
        return item.description

    # item_link is only needed if NewsItem has no get_absolute_url method.
    def item_link(self, item):
        return reverse('news-item', args=[item.pk])

配置一个URL到这个feed，在URLconf中配置一个入口。例如:

from django.conf.urls import url
from myproject.feeds import LatestEntriesFeed

urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    url(r'^latest/feed/$', LatestEntriesFeed()),
    # ...
]

注意:

• Feed类继承于django.contrib.syndication.views.Feed.
• title, link 和 description 分别对应 RSS的 <title>, <link> 和 <description> .
• items()就是一个返回包含feed <item>对象列表的方法.当然，这个例子返回 NewsItem对象是使用 Django的 object-relational mapper, items() 没有返回模型的实例。当然，你可以从Django模型中很容易的获取一些数据，items()可以返回任何你想要的对象。
• 如果你要创建一个Atom feed，而不是RSS feed，你需要使用subtitle属性替代description。查看Publishing Atom and RSS feeds in tandem里面的例子。

还有一件事没做。在一个 RSS feed中, 每一个 <item> 都有一个<title>, <link> 和<description>. 我们需要告诉框架那些数据放进这些对象中。

• 在 <title>和<description>的内容中，Django尝试着在Feed类中召集item_title()和item_description()方法。他们会传入一个自己内部的单独的参数 item。这些都是可选的; 默认的是，unicode表示的对象都被使用了

  如果你想要做一些特殊的格式化title或者description，Django templates可以帮助你。他们的路径会被Feed类中的title_template和description_template 参数做特殊处理。会通过模板内容的两个变量来返回每一条记录到模板中：

  • {% obj %}，当前的对象（你在items()中返回的对象）。
  • {% site %} – 一个django.contrib.sites.models.Site 对象代表当前站点。它对{% site.domain %} or {% site.name %}有用。如果你not没有Django站点，它会被设置为一个RequestSite对象。从 RequestSite section of the sites framework documentation 获取更多信息。

  从下方的 a complex example 使用一个描述的模板。

  Feed.``get_context_data(**kwargs)

  如果您需要提供超过前面提到的两个变量，还有一种方法可以将附加信息传递到标题和描述模板。您可以在Feed子类中提供get_context_data方法的实现。例如:

  from mysite.models import Article
  from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed
  
  class ArticlesFeed(Feed):
      title = "My articles"
      description_template = "feeds/articles.html"
  
      def items(self):
          return Article.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
  
      def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
          context = super(ArticlesFeed, self).get_context_data(**kwargs)
          context['foo'] = 'bar'
          return context
  

  和模板：

  Something about {{ foo }}: {{ obj.description }}
  

  此方法将由items()返回的列表中的每个项目调用一次，并使用以下关键字参数：

  • item：当前项目。出于向后兼容性原因，此上下文变量的名称为{％ obj ％}。
  • obj：get_object()返回的对象。默认情况下，这不会暴露给模板，以避免与{％ obj ％} ，但您可以在实现get_context_data()时使用它。
  • site：如上所述的当前网站。
  • request：当前请求。

  get_context_data()的行为模仿了generic views的行为 - 你应该调用super()从父类中检索上下文数据，添加您的数据并返回修改后的字典。

• 要指定<link>的内容，您有两个选项。对于items()中的每个项目，Django首先尝试调用Feed类上的item_link()方法。以类似于标题和描述的方式，它传递单个参数item。如果该方法不存在，Django尝试对该对象执行get_absolute_url()方法。get_absolute_url()和item_link()应将项目的网址作为普通的Python字符串返回。与get_absolute_url()一样，item_link()的结果将直接包含在URL中，因此您负责对所有必要的URL进行引用并将其转换为ASCII方法本身。

一个复杂的例子

该框架还通过参数支持更复杂的feed。

例如，网站可以为城市中的每个警察节拍提供最近的犯罪的RSS源。为每个警察节拍创建一个单独的Feed课；这将违反DRY principle并且将数据耦合到编程逻辑。相反，联合框架可让您访问从URLconf传递的参数，以便Feed可以根据Feed的网址中的信息输出项目。

警察打击饲料可以通过这样的URL访问：

• /beats/613/rss/ - 返回613的最近犯罪。
• /beats/1424/rss/ - 返回1424年最近的犯罪。

这些可以与URLconf行匹配，例如：

url(r'^beats/(?P<beat_id>[0-9]+)/rss/$', BeatFeed()),

与视图类似，URL中的参数与请求对象一起传递到get_object()方法。

以下是这些特定于节拍的Feed的代码：

from django.contrib.syndication.views import FeedDoesNotExist
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404

class BeatFeed(Feed):
    description_template = 'feeds/beat_description.html'

    def get_object(self, request, beat_id):
        return get_object_or_404(Beat, pk=beat_id)

    def title(self, obj):
        return "Police beat central: Crimes for beat %s" % obj.beat

    def link(self, obj):
        return obj.get_absolute_url()

    def description(self, obj):
        return "Crimes recently reported in police beat %s" % obj.beat

    def items(self, obj):
        return Crime.objects.filter(beat=obj).order_by('-crime_date')[:30]

To generate the feed’s <title>, <link> and <description>, Django uses the title(), link() and description() methods. 在前面的示例中，它们是简单的字符串类属性，但是本示例说明它们可以是字符串或方法。对于title，link和description中的每一个，Django都遵循此算法：

• 首先，它尝试调用传递obj参数的方法，其中obj是由get_object()返回的对象。
• 如果没有，它试图调用没有参数的方法。
• 如果没有，它使用类属性。

还要注意，items()也遵循相同的算法 - 首先，它尝试items(obj)，然后items() items类属性（它应该是一个列表）。

我们正在使用模板作为项目描述。它可以很简单：

{{ obj.description }}

但是，您可以根据需要自由添加格式。

下面的ExampleFeed类提供了有关Feed类的方法和属性的完整文档。

指定Feed的类型

默认情况下，此框架中生成的Feed使用RSS 2.0。

要更改此属性，请向您的Feed类添加feed_type属性，如下所示：

from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed

class MyFeed(Feed):
    feed_type = Atom1Feed

请注意，您将feed_type设置为类对象，而不是实例。

目前可用的Feed类型有：

• django.utils.feedgenerator.Rss201rev2Feed（RSS 2.01。默认。）
• django.utils.feedgenerator.RssUserland091Feed（RSS 0.91.）
• django.utils.feedgenerator.Atom1Feed（Atom 1.0.）

附件

要指定机柜（例如用于创建Podcast Feed的机柜），请使用item_enclosure_url，item_enclosure_length和item_enclosure_mime_type挂钩。有关用法示例，请参见下面的ExampleFeed类。

语言

由联合框架创建的Feed会自动包含适当的<language>标记（RSS 2.0）或xml:lang属性（Atom）。这直接来自您的LANGUAGE_CODE设置。

网址

link方法/属性可以返回绝对路径（例如"/blog/"）或具有完全限定域和协议的URL（例如"http://www.example.com/blog/"）。如果link未返回域，则整合框架将根据您的SITE_ID setting。

Atom Feed需要定义Feed的当前位置的＆lt； link rel =“self”＆gt；。

串联发布Atom和RSS Feed

有些开发人员喜欢提供Atom 和 RSS版本的Feed。使用Django很容易：只需创建Feed类的子类，并将feed_type设置为不同的类型即可。然后更新您的URLconf以添加额外的版本。

这里有一个完整的例子：

from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed
from policebeat.models import NewsItem
from django.utils.feedgenerator import Atom1Feed

class RssSiteNewsFeed(Feed):
    title = "Police beat site news"
    link = "/sitenews/"
    description = "Updates on changes and additions to police beat central."

    def items(self):
        return NewsItem.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]

class AtomSiteNewsFeed(RssSiteNewsFeed):
    feed_type = Atom1Feed
    subtitle = RssSiteNewsFeed.description

注意

在此示例中，RSS提要使用description，而Atom提要使用subtitle。这是因为Atom Feed不提供Feed级“说明”，但他们提供“字幕”。

如果您在Feed类中提供description，Django将不会自动将其放入subtitle字幕和描述不一定是同一件事。而应定义subtitle属性。

在上面的示例中，我们只需将Atom Feed的subtitle设置为RSS Feed的description，因为它已经很短。

和附带的URLconf：

from django.conf.urls import url
from myproject.feeds import RssSiteNewsFeed, AtomSiteNewsFeed

urlpatterns = [
    # ...
    url(r'^sitenews/rss/$', RssSiteNewsFeed()),
    url(r'^sitenews/atom/$', AtomSiteNewsFeed()),
    # ...
]

Feed类引用

class views.``Feed

此示例说明Feed类的所有可能的属性和方法：

from django.contrib.syndication.views import Feed
from django.utils import feedgenerator

class ExampleFeed(Feed):

    # FEED TYPE -- Optional. This should be a class that subclasses
    # django.utils.feedgenerator.SyndicationFeed. This designates
    # which type of feed this should be: RSS 2.0, Atom 1.0, etc. If
    # you don't specify feed_type, your feed will be RSS 2.0\. This
    # should be a class, not an instance of the class.

    feed_type = feedgenerator.Rss201rev2Feed

    # TEMPLATE NAMES -- Optional. These should be strings
    # representing names of Django templates that the system should
    # use in rendering the title and description of your feed items.
    # Both are optional. If a template is not specified, the
    # item_title() or item_description() methods are used instead.

    title_template = None
    description_template = None

    # TITLE -- One of the following three is required. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def title(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the
 feed's title as a normal Python string.
 """

    def title(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's title as a normal Python string.
 """

    title = 'foo' # Hard-coded title.

    # LINK -- One of the following three is required. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def link(self, obj):
        """
 # Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the URL
 # of the HTML version of the feed as a normal Python string.
 """

    def link(self):
        """
 Returns the URL of the HTML version of the feed as a normal Python
 string.
 """

    link = '/blog/' # Hard-coded URL.

    # FEED_URL -- One of the following three is optional. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def feed_url(self, obj):
        """
 # Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 # own URL as a normal Python string.
 """

    def feed_url(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's own URL as a normal Python string.
 """

    feed_url = '/blog/rss/' # Hard-coded URL.

    # GUID -- One of the following three is optional. The framework looks
    # for them in this order. This property is only used for Atom feeds
    # (where it is the feed-level ID element). If not provided, the feed
    # link is used as the ID.

    def feed_guid(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the globally
 unique ID for the feed as a normal Python string.
 """

    def feed_guid(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's globally unique ID as a normal Python string.
 """

    feed_guid = '/foo/bar/1234' # Hard-coded guid.

    # DESCRIPTION -- One of the following three is required. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def description(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 description as a normal Python string.
 """

    def description(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's description as a normal Python string.
 """

    description = 'Foo bar baz.' # Hard-coded description.

    # AUTHOR NAME --One of the following three is optional. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def author_name(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 author's name as a normal Python string.
 """

    def author_name(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's author's name as a normal Python string.
 """

    author_name = 'Sally Smith' # Hard-coded author name.

    # AUTHOR EMAIL --One of the following three is optional. The framework
    # looks for them in this order.

    def author_email(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 author's email as a normal Python string.
 """

    def author_email(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's author's email as a normal Python string.
 """

    author_email = 'test@example.com' # Hard-coded author email.

    # AUTHOR LINK --One of the following three is optional. The framework
    # looks for them in this order. In each case, the URL should include
    # the "http://" and domain name.

    def author_link(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 author's URL as a normal Python string.
 """

    def author_link(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's author's URL as a normal Python string.
 """

    author_link = 'http://www.example.com/' # Hard-coded author URL.

    # CATEGORIES -- One of the following three is optional. The framework
    # looks for them in this order. In each case, the method/attribute
    # should return an iterable object that returns strings.

    def categories(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 categories as iterable over strings.
 """

    def categories(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's categories as iterable over strings.
 """

    categories = ("python", "django") # Hard-coded list of categories.

    # COPYRIGHT NOTICE -- One of the following three is optional. The
    # framework looks for them in this order.

    def feed_copyright(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 copyright notice as a normal Python string.
 """

    def feed_copyright(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's copyright notice as a normal Python string.
 """

    feed_copyright = 'Copyright (c) 2007, Sally Smith' # Hard-coded copyright notice.

    # TTL -- One of the following three is optional. The framework looks
    # for them in this order. Ignored for Atom feeds.

    def ttl(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns the feed's
 TTL (Time To Live) as a normal Python string.
 """

    def ttl(self):
        """
 Returns the feed's TTL as a normal Python string.
 """

    ttl = 600 # Hard-coded Time To Live.

    # ITEMS -- One of the following three is required. The framework looks
    # for them in this order.

    def items(self, obj):
        """
 Takes the object returned by get_object() and returns a list of
 items to publish in this feed.
 """

    def items(self):
        """
 Returns a list of items to publish in this feed.
 """

    items = ('Item 1', 'Item 2') # Hard-coded items.

    # GET_OBJECT -- This is required for feeds that publish different data
    # for different URL parameters. (See "A complex example" above.)

    def get_object(self, request, *args, **kwargs):
        """
 Takes the current request and the arguments from the URL, and
 returns an object represented by this feed. Raises
 django.core.exceptions.ObjectDoesNotExist on error.
 """

    # ITEM TITLE AND DESCRIPTION -- If title_template or
    # description_template are not defined, these are used instead. Both are
    # optional, by default they will use the unicode representation of the
    # item.

    def item_title(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 title as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_title(self):
        """
 Returns the title for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_title = 'Breaking News: Nothing Happening' # Hard-coded title.

    def item_description(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 description as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_description(self):
        """
 Returns the description for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_description = 'A description of the item.' # Hard-coded description.

    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        """
 Returns a dictionary to use as extra context if either
 description_template or item_template are used.

 Default implementation preserves the old behavior
 of using {'obj': item, 'site': current_site} as the context.
 """

    # ITEM LINK -- One of these three is required. The framework looks for
    # them in this order.

    # First, the framework tries the two methods below, in
    # order. Failing that, it falls back to the get_absolute_url()
    # method on each item returned by items().

    def item_link(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's URL.
 """

    def item_link(self):
        """
 Returns the URL for every item in the feed.
 """

    # ITEM_GUID -- The following method is optional. If not provided, the
    # item's link is used by default.

    def item_guid(self, obj):
        """
 Takes an item, as return by items(), and returns the item's ID.
 """

    # ITEM_GUID_IS_PERMALINK -- The following method is optional. If
    # provided, it sets the 'isPermaLink' attribute of an item's
    # GUID element. This method is used only when 'item_guid' is
    # specified.

    def item_guid_is_permalink(self, obj):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns a boolean.
 """

    item_guid_is_permalink = False  # Hard coded value

    # ITEM AUTHOR NAME -- One of the following three is optional. The
    # framework looks for them in this order.

    def item_author_name(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 author's name as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_author_name(self):
        """
 Returns the author name for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_author_name = 'Sally Smith' # Hard-coded author name.

    # ITEM AUTHOR EMAIL --One of the following three is optional. The
    # framework looks for them in this order.
    #
    # If you specify this, you must specify item_author_name.

    def item_author_email(self, obj):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 author's email as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_author_email(self):
        """
 Returns the author email for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_author_email = 'test@example.com' # Hard-coded author email.

    # ITEM AUTHOR LINK -- One of the following three is optional. The
    # framework looks for them in this order. In each case, the URL should
    # include the "http://" and domain name.
    #
    # If you specify this, you must specify item_author_name.

    def item_author_link(self, obj):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 author's URL as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_author_link(self):
        """
 Returns the author URL for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_author_link = 'http://www.example.com/' # Hard-coded author URL.

    # ITEM ENCLOSURE URL -- One of these three is required if you're
    # publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.

    def item_enclosure_url(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 enclosure URL.
 """

    def item_enclosure_url(self):
        """
 Returns the enclosure URL for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_enclosure_url = "/foo/bar.mp3" # Hard-coded enclosure link.

    # ITEM ENCLOSURE LENGTH -- One of these three is required if you're
    # publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.
    # In each case, the returned value should be either an integer, or a
    # string representation of the integer, in bytes.

    def item_enclosure_length(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 enclosure length.
 """

    def item_enclosure_length(self):
        """
 Returns the enclosure length for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_enclosure_length = 32000 # Hard-coded enclosure length.

    # ITEM ENCLOSURE MIME TYPE -- One of these three is required if you're
    # publishing enclosures. The framework looks for them in this order.

    def item_enclosure_mime_type(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 enclosure MIME type.
 """

    def item_enclosure_mime_type(self):
        """
 Returns the enclosure MIME type for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_enclosure_mime_type = "audio/mpeg" # Hard-coded enclosure MIME type.

    # ITEM PUBDATE -- It's optional to use one of these three. This is a
    # hook that specifies how to get the pubdate for a given item.
    # In each case, the method/attribute should return a Python
    # datetime.datetime object.

    def item_pubdate(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 pubdate.
 """

    def item_pubdate(self):
        """
 Returns the pubdate for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_pubdate = datetime.datetime(2005, 5, 3) # Hard-coded pubdate.

    # ITEM UPDATED -- It's optional to use one of these three. This is a
    # hook that specifies how to get the updateddate for a given item.
    # In each case, the method/attribute should return a Python
    # datetime.datetime object.

    def item_updateddate(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 updateddate.
 """

    def item_updateddate(self):
        """
 Returns the updateddated for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_updateddate = datetime.datetime(2005, 5, 3) # Hard-coded updateddate.

    # ITEM CATEGORIES -- It's optional to use one of these three. This is
    # a hook that specifies how to get the list of categories for a given
    # item. In each case, the method/attribute should return an iterable
    # object that returns strings.

    def item_categories(self, item):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 categories.
 """

    def item_categories(self):
        """
 Returns the categories for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_categories = ("python", "django") # Hard-coded categories.

    # ITEM COPYRIGHT NOTICE (only applicable to Atom feeds) -- One of the
    # following three is optional. The framework looks for them in this
    # order.

    def item_copyright(self, obj):
        """
 Takes an item, as returned by items(), and returns the item's
 copyright notice as a normal Python string.
 """

    def item_copyright(self):
        """
 Returns the copyright notice for every item in the feed.
 """

    item_copyright = 'Copyright (c) 2007, Sally Smith' # Hard-coded copyright notice.

低级框架

在后台，高级RSS框架使用较低级别的框架来生成订阅源的XML。此框架存在于单个模块中：django / utils / feedgenerator.py。

您自己使用此框架，用于生成较低级别的Feed。您还可以创建自定义Feed生成器子类，以与feed_type Feed选项一起使用。

联合供稿 classes

feedgenerator模块包含基类：

• django.utils.feedgenerator.SyndicationFeed

和几个子类：

• django.utils.feedgenerator.RssUserland091Feed
• django.utils.feedgenerator.Rss201rev2Feed
• django.utils.feedgenerator.Atom1Feed

这三个类中的每一个都知道如何将某种类型的feed呈现为XML。他们共享这个接口：

SyndicationFeed.__init__()

使用给定的元数据字典初始化Feed，该元数据字典应用于整个Feed。必需的关键字参数为：

• title
• link
• description

还有一堆其他可选关键字：

• language
• author_email
• author_name
• author_link
• subtitle
• categories
• feed_url
• feed_copyright
• feed_guid
• ttl

您传递给__init__的任何其他关键字参数将存储在self.feed中以与自定义Feed生成器配合使用。

所有参数都应该是Unicode对象，除了categories，它应该是Unicode对象序列。

SyndicationFeed.add_item()

向具有给定参数的Feed中添加项目。

必需的关键字参数为：

• title
• link
• description

可选的关键字参数为：

• author_email
• author_name
• author_link
• pubdate
• comments
• unique_id
• enclosure
• categories
• item_copyright
• ttl
• updateddate

将为自定义Feed生成器存储额外的关键字参数。

所有参数，如果给定，应该是Unicode对象，除了：

• pubdate应为Python datetime对象。
• updateddate应为Python datetime对象。
• enclosure应为django.utils.feedgenerator.Enclosure的实例。
• categories应为Unicode对象序列。

New in Django 1.7:

已添加可选的updateddate参数。

SyndicationFeed.write()

Outputs the feed in the given encoding to outfile, which is a file-like object.

SyndicationFeed.writeString()

Returns the feed as a string in the given encoding.

例如，要创建Atom 1.0订阅源并将其打印到标准输出：

>>> from django.utils import feedgenerator
>>> from datetime import datetime
>>> f = feedgenerator.Atom1Feed(
...     title="My Weblog",
...     link="http://www.example.com/",
...     description="In which I write about what I ate today.",
...     language="en",
...     author_name="Myself",
...     feed_url="http://example.com/atom.xml")
>>> f.add_item(title="Hot dog today",
...     link="http://www.example.com/entries/1/",
...     pubdate=datetime.now(),
...     description="<p>Today I had a Vienna Beef hot dog. It was pink, plump and perfect.</p>")
>>> print(f.writeString('UTF-8'))
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xml:lang="en">
...
</feed>

自定义Feed生成器

如果您需要生成自定义Feed格式，您有几个选项。

如果Feed格式是完全自定义的，您需要将SyndicationFeed作为子类，并完全替换write()和writeString()方法。

但是，如果Feed格式是RSS或Atom分拆（即GeoRSS，Apple的iTunes podcast格式等），则您有了更好的选择。这些类型的Feed通常会向底层格式添加额外的元素和/或属性，并且有一组方法可以SyndicationFeed调用以获取这些额外的属性。因此，您可以对相应的Feed生成器类（Atom1Feed或Rss201rev2Feed）进行子类化，并扩展这些回调。他们是：

SyndicationFeed.root_attributes(self, )

Return a dict of attributes to add to the root feed element (feed/channel).

SyndicationFeed.add_root_elements(self, handler)

Callback to add elements inside the root feed element (feed/channel). handler is an XMLGenerator from Python’s built-in SAX library; you’ll call methods on it to add to the XML document in process.

SyndicationFeed.item_attributes(self, item)

Return a dict of attributes to add to each item (item/entry) element. The argument, item, is a dictionary of all the data passed to SyndicationFeed.add_item().

SyndicationFeed.add_item_elements(self, handler, item)

Callback to add elements to each item (item/entry) element. handler and item are as above.

警告

如果您覆盖任何这些方法，请务必调用超类方法，因为它们为每种Feed格式添加了必需的元素。

例如，您可能开始实现iTunes RSS Feed生成器，如：

class iTunesFeed(Rss201rev2Feed):
    def root_attributes(self):
        attrs = super(iTunesFeed, self).root_attributes()
        attrs['xmlns:itunes'] = 'http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd'
        return attrs

    def add_root_elements(self, handler):
        super(iTunesFeed, self).add_root_elements(handler)
        handler.addQuickElement('itunes:explicit', 'clean')

显然，对于一个完整的自定义feed类，还有很多工作要做，但上面的例子应该展示基本的想法。