Question

例子

#include <stdio.h>

int main (void)
{
  puts ("Hello world!");
  return 0;
}

技巧

使用 -Wl,option 可以将选项 option 传递给连接器。

注意，逗号和选项之间不能有空格。一种常见用法，就是让连接器生成内存映射文件，例如：

$ gcc -Wl,-Map=output.map foo.c
$ cat output.map
Archive member included because of file (symbol)

/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
                              /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o (__libc_csu_init)

Discarded input sections

 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
 .gnu_debuglink
                0x0000000000000000        0xc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 .gnu_debuglink
                0x0000000000000000        0xc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /tmp/ccBOhdmq.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
 .note.GNU-stack
                0x0000000000000000        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
 .gnu_debuglink
                0x0000000000000000        0xc /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

Memory map

 ** file header
                0x0000000000400000       0x40
 ** segment headers
                0x0000000000400040      0x1f8

.interp         0x0000000000400238       0x1c
 ** fill        0x0000000000400238       0x1c

.note.ABI-tag   0x0000000000400254       0x20
 .note.ABI-tag  0x0000000000400254       0x20 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o

.note.gnu.build-id
                0x0000000000400274       0x24
 ** note header
                0x0000000000400274       0x10
 ** zero fill   0x0000000000400284       0x14

.dynsym         0x0000000000400298       0x78
 ** dynsym      0x0000000000400298       0x78

.dynstr         0x0000000000400310       0x51
 ** string table
                0x0000000000400310       0x51

.gnu.hash       0x0000000000400368       0x1c
 ** hash        0x0000000000400368       0x1c

.gnu.version    0x0000000000400384        0xa
 ** versions    0x0000000000400384        0xa

.gnu.version_r  0x0000000000400390       0x20
 ** version refs
                0x0000000000400390       0x20

.rela.dyn       0x00000000004003b0       0x18
 ** dynamic relocs
                0x00000000004003b0       0x18

.rela.plt       0x00000000004003c8       0x30
 ** dynamic relocs
                0x00000000004003c8       0x30

.init           0x00000000004003f8       0x18
 .init          0x00000000004003f8        0x9 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
                0x00000000004003f8                _init
 .init          0x0000000000400401        0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .init          0x0000000000400406        0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
 .init          0x000000000040040b        0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

.plt            0x0000000000400410       0x30
 ** PLT         0x0000000000400410       0x30

.text           0x0000000000400440      0x1d8
 .text          0x0000000000400440       0x2c /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
                0x0000000000400440                _start
 .text          0x000000000040046c       0x17 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 ** fill        0x0000000000400483        0xd
 .text          0x0000000000400490       0x92 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .text          0x0000000000400522       0x15 /tmp/ccBOhdmq.o
                0x0000000000400522                main
 ** fill        0x0000000000400537        0x9
 .text          0x0000000000400540       0x92 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
                0x0000000000400540                __libc_csu_init
                0x00000000004005d0                __libc_csu_fini
 ** fill        0x00000000004005d2        0xe
 .text          0x00000000004005e0       0x36 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
 ** fill        0x0000000000400616        0x2
 .text          0x0000000000400618        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

.fini           0x0000000000400618        0xe
 .fini          0x0000000000400618        0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
                0x0000000000400618                _fini
 .fini          0x000000000040061c        0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .fini          0x0000000000400621        0x5 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

.rodata         0x0000000000400628       0x11
 ** merge constants
                0x0000000000400628        0x4
 .rodata        0x000000000040062c        0xd /tmp/ccBOhdmq.o

.eh_frame       0x0000000000400640       0xa4
 ** eh_frame    0x0000000000400640       0xa0
 .eh_frame      0x00000000004006e0        0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o

.eh_frame_hdr   0x00000000004006e4       0x2c
 ** eh_frame_hdr
                0x00000000004006e4       0x2c

.ctors          0x0000000000401e28       0x10
 .ctors         0x0000000000401e28        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .ctors         0x0000000000401e30        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o

.dtors          0x0000000000401e38       0x10
 .dtors         0x0000000000401e38        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .dtors         0x0000000000401e40        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
                0x0000000000401e40                __DTOR_END__

.jcr            0x0000000000401e48        0x8
 .jcr           0x0000000000401e48        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .jcr           0x0000000000401e48        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o

.dynamic        0x0000000000401e50      0x190
 ** dynamic     0x0000000000401e50      0x190

.got            0x0000000000401fe0        0x8
 ** GOT         0x0000000000401fe0        0x8

.got.plt        0x0000000000401fe8       0x28
 ** GOT PLT     0x0000000000401fe8       0x28
 ** GOT IRELATIVE PLT
                0x0000000000402010        0x0
 ** GOT         0x0000000000402010        0x0

.data           0x0000000000402010       0x10
 .data          0x0000000000402010        0x4 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
                0x0000000000402010                data_start
                0x0000000000402010                __data_start
 .data          0x0000000000402014        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 .data          0x0000000000402018        0x8 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
                0x0000000000402018                __dso_handle
 .data          0x0000000000402020        0x0 /tmp/ccBOhdmq.o
 .data          0x0000000000402020        0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
 .data          0x0000000000402020        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
 .data          0x0000000000402020        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

.bss            0x0000000000402020       0x10
 .bss           0x0000000000402020        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o
 .bss           0x0000000000402020        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o
 .bss           0x0000000000402020       0x10 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtbegin.o
 .bss           0x0000000000402030        0x0 /tmp/ccBOhdmq.o
 .bss           0x0000000000402030        0x0 /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a(elf-init.oS)
 .bss           0x0000000000402030        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/crtend.o
 .bss           0x0000000000402030        0x0 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.6/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o

.comment        0x0000000000000000       0x2b
 ** merge strings
                0x0000000000000000       0x2b

.note.gnu.gold-version
                0x0000000000000000       0x1c
 ** note header
                0x0000000000000000       0x10
 ** fill        0x0000000000000010        0x9
 ** zero fill   0x0000000000000019        0x3

.symtab         0x0000000000000000      0x390
 ** symtab      0x0000000000000000      0x390

.strtab         0x0000000000000000      0x1d5
 ** string table
                0x0000000000000000      0x1d5

.shstrtab       0x0000000000000000      0x115
 ** string table
                0x0000000000000000      0x115

详情参见 gcc 手册