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1. Getting Started

https://github.com/PacktPublishing/Mastering-Vim

Type :h search (don't hit Enter yet) followed by Ctrl+D. This will give you a list of help tags containing the substring search.

2. Advanced Editing and Navigation

Buffer

:b file 如果出现了多个包含 file 的 buffer，可以用 tab 轮询每个文件。

windows

Ctrl+w+o (or :only or :on command) will close all windows except for the current one.

Fold

set foldmethod=indent

• zo: open current fold
• zc: close the fold
• zR/zM: open and close all folds

Navigating text

word: 字母数字下划线。 WORD: 除了空白符（空格，tab，换行）

• _ beginning of the line and $ take you to the end of the line
• Shift + { and Shift + } takes you to the beginning and the end of a paragraph
• Shift + ( and Shift + ) takes you to the beginning and the end a sentence

Jumping into insert mode

• gi places you in insert mode were you last exited it

Searching across files

:vimgrep animal **/*.py navigate use :cn :cp , open quickfix window by using :copen

3. Follow the Leader - Plugin Management

vim-plug

可以懒加载:

" 使用 NERDTreeToggle 命令时候加载插件：
Plug 'scrooloose/nerdtreee', { 'on': 'NERDTreeToggle' }
" 指定文件类型加载
Plug 'junegunn/goyo.vim', { 'for': 'markdown' }

Profiling

Profiling slow plugins : vim --startuptime startuptime.log

Profiling spedific actions:

:profile start profile.log
:profile func *
:profile file *

Mode

在visual 模式下，可以用 o 从选择的开始和结束跳转

可以用 term 模式运行一个命令输出到 buffer

:term python3 animal.py cat dog

Remapping commands

• :map for recursive mapping, :unmap
• :noremap for non-recursive mapping
• :map g will display every mapping starting with g

特殊键位映射：

• <c-_> ctrl + 字母（下划线这里指的是字母)
• <a-_> or <m-_> 表示 Alt
• <s-_> 表示 Shift
• <cr> Enter

Mode - aware remapping

• :nmap and :nnoremap : Normal mode
• :vmap and :vnoremap : Visual and select modes
• :xmap and :xnoremap : Visual mode
• :smap and :snoremap : Select mode
• :omap and :onoremap : Operator-pending mode
• :map! and :noremap! : Insert and Command-line mode
• :cmap and :cnoremap: Command-line mode

The leader key

The leader key is essentially a namespace for a user or plugin defined shortcuts.

" Map the leader key to a comma.
let mapleader = ','
let mapleader = "\<space>"

4. Understanding the Text

Code autocomplete

YouCompleteMe

Navigating the code base with tags

Exuberant Ctags

$ ctags -R .
" vimrc
set tags=tags;

" regerate tags when saving python file
autocmd BufWritePost *.py silent! !ctags -R &

• ctrl+] ctrl+t jump and to back in the tag stack
• :tn :tp next tag and previous tag
• :ts tag select
• g] select tag menu instead jump to the tag under the cursor

Undo tree and Gundo

5. Build, Test and Execute

Integrating Git with Vim (vim-fugitive)

'tpope/vim-fugitive'

• Gstatus
• Glog. :copen :cprevious
• Gblame
• Gread checks out the file straight into a buffer for a preview
• Ggrep wraps around git grep
• Gmove moves the files
• Gdelete wraps git remove commands

Resolving conflicts with vimdiff

vimdiff a.py b.py

• ]c [c move forward and backward
• do or :diffget (do stands for diff obtain) move the change to the active window
• dp or :diffput (stands for diff put) will push the change from the active window

git config --global merge.tool vimdiff
git config --global merge.conflictstyle diff3
git config --global mergetool.promptt false

git mergetool 进入合并页面。

• LOCAL: current branch
• BASE: common ancestor
• REMOTE: remote branch
• MERGED: merge result

<<<<<<< [LOCAL commit/branch]
[LOCAL change]
|||||||| merged common ancestors
[BASE - clostest common ancestor]
========
[REMOTE change]
>>>>>>> [REMOTE commit/branch]

• Get a REMOTE change using :diffg R
• Get a BASE change using :diffg B
• Get a LOCAL change using :diffg L

when you are done, use :wqa quit and git commit your merge results.

Tmux, screen and vim terminal mode

'christoomey/vim-tmux-navigator'

tmux use tpm plugin manager install

Building and testing

quickfix: copen/cn/cp

location list: :lopen/lclose/lnext/lprevious/lwindow

tpope/vim-dispatch

• :Make
• :Dispatch can also just run arbitrary

janko-m/vim-test

• :TestNearest runs the test nearest to the cursor
• :TestFile runs the tests in the current file
• :TestSuite runs the entire test suite
• :TestLast runs the last test

Syntax checking code with linters

"vim-syntasitic/syntastic" "w0rp/ale"

6. Refactoring Code with Regex and Macros

Search and replace

:s/<find-this>/<replace-with-this>/<flags> , flags:

• g: global
• c: confirm each substitution
• e: do not show errors if no matches are found
• i: ignore case
• I: case-sensitive

match whole words : /\<animals\>

Operations across files using arglist

• :arg defines the arglist
• :argdo allows you to execute a command on all the files in the arglist
• :args displays the list of files in the arglist

:arg **/*.py
:argdo %s/\<animal\>/creature/ge | update

Regex Expression

• magic mode: \m
• no magic: \M
• very magic: \v , :s/\v(cat) hunting (mic)/\2 hunting \1

Applying the knowledge in practice

• Renaming a variable, a method, or a class
• Reordering function arguments

Recording and playing macros

:arg **.*.yp
:argdo execute ":normal @a" | update

Using plugins to do the job

Making Vim Your Own

Playing with the Vim UI

• :colorscheme

falzz/vim-colorschemes

The status line

set laststatus=2
set showcmd

Keeping track of configuration files

使用 dotfiles 一定要注意别加上敏感信息

Healthy vim customization habits

• 及时清理不用配置
• 映射快捷键方便操作
• 保持 .vimrc 有组织

8. Transcending the Mundane with Vimscript