Question

dbDelta( string|array $queries = '',  bool $execute = true )

Modifies the database based on specified SQL statements.

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description

Useful for creating new tables and updating existing tables to a new structure.

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参数

$queries

(string|array) (Optional) The query to run. Can be multiple queries in an array, or a string of queries separated by semicolons.

Default value: ''

$execute

(bool) (Optional) Whether or not to execute the query right away.

Default value: true

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返回值

(array) Strings containing the results of the various update queries.

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源代码

File: wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php

function dbDelta( $queries = '', $execute = true ) {
	global $wpdb;

	if ( in_array( $queries, array( '', 'all', 'blog', 'global', 'ms_global' ), true ) )
	    $queries = wp_get_db_schema( $queries );

	// Separate individual queries into an array
	if ( !is_array($queries) ) {
		$queries = explode( ';', $queries );
		$queries = array_filter( $queries );
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the dbDelta SQL queries.
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @param array $queries An array of dbDelta SQL queries.
	 */
	$queries = apply_filters( 'dbdelta_queries', $queries );

	$cqueries = array(); // Creation Queries
	$iqueries = array(); // Insertion Queries
	$for_update = array();

	// Create a tablename index for an array ($cqueries) of queries
	foreach ($queries as $qry) {
		if ( preg_match( "|CREATE TABLE ([^ ]*)|", $qry, $matches ) ) {
			$cqueries[ trim( $matches[1], '`' ) ] = $qry;
			$for_update[$matches[1]] = 'Created table '.$matches[1];
		} elseif ( preg_match( "|CREATE DATABASE ([^ ]*)|", $qry, $matches ) ) {
			array_unshift( $cqueries, $qry );
		} elseif ( preg_match( "|INSERT INTO ([^ ]*)|", $qry, $matches ) ) {
			$iqueries[] = $qry;
		} elseif ( preg_match( "|UPDATE ([^ ]*)|", $qry, $matches ) ) {
			$iqueries[] = $qry;
		} else {
			// Unrecognized query type
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Filters the dbDelta SQL queries for creating tables and/or databases.
	 *
	 * Queries filterable via this hook contain "CREATE TABLE" or "CREATE DATABASE".
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @param array $cqueries An array of dbDelta create SQL queries.
	 */
	$cqueries = apply_filters( 'dbdelta_create_queries', $cqueries );

	/**
	 * Filters the dbDelta SQL queries for inserting or updating.
	 *
	 * Queries filterable via this hook contain "INSERT INTO" or "UPDATE".
	 *
	 * @since 3.3.0
	 *
	 * @param array $iqueries An array of dbDelta insert or update SQL queries.
	 */
	$iqueries = apply_filters( 'dbdelta_insert_queries', $iqueries );

	$text_fields = array( 'tinytext', 'text', 'mediumtext', 'longtext' );
	$blob_fields = array( 'tinyblob', 'blob', 'mediumblob', 'longblob' );

	$global_tables = $wpdb->tables( 'global' );
	foreach ( $cqueries as $table => $qry ) {
		// Upgrade global tables only for the main site. Don't upgrade at all if conditions are not optimal.
		if ( in_array( $table, $global_tables ) && ! wp_should_upgrade_global_tables() ) {
			unset( $cqueries[ $table ], $for_update[ $table ] );
			continue;
		}

		// Fetch the table column structure from the database
		$suppress = $wpdb->suppress_errors();
		$tablefields = $wpdb->get_results("DESCRIBE {$table};");
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $suppress );

		if ( ! $tablefields )
			continue;

		// Clear the field and index arrays.
		$cfields = $indices = $indices_without_subparts = array();

		// Get all of the field names in the query from between the parentheses.
		preg_match("|\((.*)\)|ms", $qry, $match2);
		$qryline = trim($match2[1]);

		// Separate field lines into an array.
		$flds = explode("\n", $qryline);

		// For every field line specified in the query.
		foreach ( $flds as $fld ) {
			$fld = trim( $fld, " \t\n\r\0\x0B," ); // Default trim characters, plus ','.

			// Extract the field name.
			preg_match( '|^([^ ]*)|', $fld, $fvals );
			$fieldname = trim( $fvals[1], '`' );
			$fieldname_lowercased = strtolower( $fieldname );

			// Verify the found field name.
			$validfield = true;
			switch ( $fieldname_lowercased ) {
				case '':
				case 'primary':
				case 'index':
				case 'fulltext':
				case 'unique':
				case 'key':
				case 'spatial':
					$validfield = false;

					/*
					 * Normalize the index definition.
					 *
					 * This is done so the definition can be compared against the result of a
					 * `SHOW INDEX FROM $table_name` query which returns the current table
					 * index information.
					 */

					// Extract type, name and columns from the definition.
					preg_match(
  '/^'
.   '(?P<index_type>'             // 1) Type of the index.
.       'PRIMARY\s+KEY|(?:UNIQUE|FULLTEXT|SPATIAL)\s+(?:KEY|INDEX)|KEY|INDEX'
.   ')'
.   '\s+'                         // Followed by at least one white space character.
.   '(?:'                         // Name of the index. Optional if type is PRIMARY KEY.
.       '`?'                      // Name can be escaped with a backtick.
.           '(?P<index_name>'     // 2) Name of the index.
.               '(?:[0-9a-zA-Z$_-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+'
.           ')'
.       '`?'                      // Name can be escaped with a backtick.
.       '\s+'                     // Followed by at least one white space character.
.   ')*'
.   '\('                          // Opening bracket for the columns.
.       '(?P<index_columns>'
.           '.+?'                 // 3) Column names, index prefixes, and orders.
.       ')'
.   '\)'                          // Closing bracket for the columns.
. '$/im',
$fld,
$index_matches
					);

					// Uppercase the index type and normalize space characters.
					$index_type = strtoupper( preg_replace( '/\s+/', ' ', trim( $index_matches['index_type'] ) ) );

					// 'INDEX' is a synonym for 'KEY', standardize on 'KEY'.
					$index_type = str_replace( 'INDEX', 'KEY', $index_type );

					// Escape the index name with backticks. An index for a primary key has no name.
					$index_name = ( 'PRIMARY KEY' === $index_type ) ? '' : '`' . strtolower( $index_matches['index_name'] ) . '`';

					// Parse the columns. Multiple columns are separated by a comma.
					$index_columns = $index_columns_without_subparts = array_map( 'trim', explode( ',', $index_matches['index_columns'] ) );

					// Normalize columns.
					foreach ( $index_columns as $id => &$index_column ) {
// Extract column name and number of indexed characters (sub_part).
preg_match(
  '/'
.   '`?'                      // Name can be escaped with a backtick.
.       '(?P<column_name>'    // 1) Name of the column.
.           '(?:[0-9a-zA-Z$_-]|[\xC2-\xDF][\x80-\xBF])+'
.       ')'
.   '`?'                      // Name can be escaped with a backtick.
.   '(?:'                     // Optional sub part.
.       '\s*'                 // Optional white space character between name and opening bracket.
.       '\('                  // Opening bracket for the sub part.
.           '\s*'             // Optional white space character after opening bracket.
.           '(?P<sub_part>'
.               '\d+'         // 2) Number of indexed characters.
.           ')'
.           '\s*'             // Optional white space character before closing bracket.
.        '\)'                 // Closing bracket for the sub part.
.   ')?'
. '/',
$index_column,
$index_column_matches
);

// Escape the column name with backticks.
$index_column = '`' . $index_column_matches['column_name'] . '`';

// We don't need to add the subpart to $index_columns_without_subparts
$index_columns_without_subparts[ $id ] = $index_column;

// Append the optional sup part with the number of indexed characters.
if ( isset( $index_column_matches['sub_part'] ) ) {
$index_column .= '(' . $index_column_matches['sub_part'] . ')';
}
					}

					// Build the normalized index definition and add it to the list of indices.
					$indices[] = "{$index_type} {$index_name} (" . implode( ',', $index_columns ) . ")";
					$indices_without_subparts[] = "{$index_type} {$index_name} (" . implode( ',', $index_columns_without_subparts ) . ")";

					// Destroy no longer needed variables.
					unset( $index_column, $index_column_matches, $index_matches, $index_type, $index_name, $index_columns, $index_columns_without_subparts );

					break;
			}

			// If it's a valid field, add it to the field array.
			if ( $validfield ) {
				$cfields[ $fieldname_lowercased ] = $fld;
			}
		}

		// For every field in the table.
		foreach ( $tablefields as $tablefield ) {
			$tablefield_field_lowercased = strtolower( $tablefield->Field );
			$tablefield_type_lowercased = strtolower( $tablefield->Type );

			// If the table field exists in the field array ...
			if ( array_key_exists( $tablefield_field_lowercased, $cfields ) ) {

				// Get the field type from the query.
				preg_match( '|`?' . $tablefield->Field . '`? ([^ ]*( unsigned)?)|i', $cfields[ $tablefield_field_lowercased ], $matches );
				$fieldtype = $matches[1];
				$fieldtype_lowercased = strtolower( $fieldtype );

				// Is actual field type different from the field type in query?
				if ($tablefield->Type != $fieldtype) {
					$do_change = true;
					if ( in_array( $fieldtype_lowercased, $text_fields ) && in_array( $tablefield_type_lowercased, $text_fields ) ) {
if ( array_search( $fieldtype_lowercased, $text_fields ) < array_search( $tablefield_type_lowercased, $text_fields ) ) {
$do_change = false;
}
					}

					if ( in_array( $fieldtype_lowercased, $blob_fields ) && in_array( $tablefield_type_lowercased, $blob_fields ) ) {
if ( array_search( $fieldtype_lowercased, $blob_fields ) < array_search( $tablefield_type_lowercased, $blob_fields ) ) {
$do_change = false;
}
					}

					if ( $do_change ) {
// Add a query to change the column type.
$cqueries[] = "ALTER TABLE {$table} CHANGE COLUMN `{$tablefield->Field}` " . $cfields[ $tablefield_field_lowercased ];
$for_update[$table.'.'.$tablefield->Field] = "Changed type of {$table}.{$tablefield->Field} from {$tablefield->Type} to {$fieldtype}";
					}
				}

				// Get the default value from the array.
				if ( preg_match( "| DEFAULT '(.*?)'|i", $cfields[ $tablefield_field_lowercased ], $matches ) ) {
					$default_value = $matches[1];
					if ($tablefield->Default != $default_value) {
// Add a query to change the column's default value
$cqueries[] = "ALTER TABLE {$table} ALTER COLUMN `{$tablefield->Field}` SET DEFAULT '{$default_value}'";
$for_update[$table.'.'.$tablefield->Field] = "Changed default value of {$table}.{$tablefield->Field} from {$tablefield->Default} to {$default_value}";
					}
				}

				// Remove the field from the array (so it's not added).
				unset( $cfields[ $tablefield_field_lowercased ] );
			} else {
				// This field exists in the table, but not in the creation queries?
			}
		}

		// For every remaining field specified for the table.
		foreach ($cfields as $fieldname => $fielddef) {
			// Push a query line into $cqueries that adds the field to that table.
			$cqueries[] = "ALTER TABLE {$table} ADD COLUMN $fielddef";
			$for_update[$table.'.'.$fieldname] = 'Added column '.$table.'.'.$fieldname;
		}

		// Index stuff goes here. Fetch the table index structure from the database.
		$tableindices = $wpdb->get_results("SHOW INDEX FROM {$table};");

		if ($tableindices) {
			// Clear the index array.
			$index_ary = array();

			// For every index in the table.
			foreach ($tableindices as $tableindex) {

				// Add the index to the index data array.
				$keyname = strtolower( $tableindex->Key_name );
				$index_ary[$keyname]['columns'][] = array('fieldname' => $tableindex->Column_name, 'subpart' => $tableindex->Sub_part);
				$index_ary[$keyname]['unique'] = ($tableindex->Non_unique == 0)?true:false;
				$index_ary[$keyname]['index_type'] = $tableindex->Index_type;
			}

			// For each actual index in the index array.
			foreach ($index_ary as $index_name => $index_data) {

				// Build a create string to compare to the query.
				$index_string = '';
				if ($index_name == 'primary') {
					$index_string .= 'PRIMARY ';
				} elseif ( $index_data['unique'] ) {
					$index_string .= 'UNIQUE ';
				}
				if ( 'FULLTEXT' === strtoupper( $index_data['index_type'] ) ) {
					$index_string .= 'FULLTEXT ';
				}
				if ( 'SPATIAL' === strtoupper( $index_data['index_type'] ) ) {
					$index_string .= 'SPATIAL ';
				}
				$index_string .= 'KEY ';
				if ( 'primary' !== $index_name  ) {
					$index_string .= '`' . $index_name . '`';
				}
				$index_columns = '';

				// For each column in the index.
				foreach ($index_data['columns'] as $column_data) {
					if ( $index_columns != '' ) {
$index_columns .= ',';
					}

					// Add the field to the column list string.
					$index_columns .= '`' . $column_data['fieldname'] . '`';
				}

				// Add the column list to the index create string.
				$index_string .= " ($index_columns)";

				// Check if the index definition exists, ignoring subparts.
				if ( ! ( ( $aindex = array_search( $index_string, $indices_without_subparts ) ) === false ) ) {
					// If the index already exists (even with different subparts), we don't need to create it.
					unset( $indices_without_subparts[ $aindex ] );
					unset( $indices[ $aindex ] );
				}
			}
		}

		// For every remaining index specified for the table.
		foreach ( (array) $indices as $index ) {
			// Push a query line into $cqueries that adds the index to that table.
			$cqueries[] = "ALTER TABLE {$table} ADD $index";
			$for_update[] = 'Added index ' . $table . ' ' . $index;
		}

		// Remove the original table creation query from processing.
		unset( $cqueries[ $table ], $for_update[ $table ] );
	}

	$allqueries = array_merge($cqueries, $iqueries);
	if ($execute) {
		foreach ($allqueries as $query) {
			$wpdb->query($query);
		}
	}

	return $for_update;
}

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更新日志

Version	description
1.5.0	Introduced.

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相关函数

Uses

• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: wp_should_upgrade_global_tables()
• wp-admin/includes/schema.php: wp_get_db_schema()
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: dbdelta_create_queries
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: dbdelta_insert_queries
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: dbdelta_queries
• wp-includes/plugin.php: apply_filters()
• wp-includes/wp-db.php: wpdb::get_results()
• wp-includes/wp-db.php: wpdb::query()
• wp-includes/wp-db.php: wpdb::tables()
• wp-includes/wp-db.php: wpdb::suppress_errors()
Show 5 more uses Hide more uses

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Used By

• wp-admin/includes/schema.php: install_network()
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: make_db_current()
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: make_db_current_silent()
• wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php: install_global_terms()

---

User Contributed Notes

1. Skip to note content You must log in to vote on the helpfulness of this noteVote results for this note: 1You must log in to vote on the helpfulness of this note Contributed by Store Locator Plus

   You must be very careful in your SQL command structure when creating tables with indexes.

   Here is a simple example of the proper create table syntax for a table with a primary key on a field named “id” and a secondary key on a field named “first”.

   PRIMARY KEY must be followed by TWO SPACES then the open parenthesis then the field name and a closing parenthesis.

   KEY must be followed by a SINGLE SPACE then the key name then a space then open parenthesis with the field name then a closed parenthesis.

   
      private function index_test_001() {
           global $wpdb;
           $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'dbdelta_test_001';
           $wpdb_collate = $wpdb->collate;
           $sql =
               "CREATE TABLE {$table_name} (
               id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment ,
               first varchar(255) NULL,
               PRIMARY KEY  (id),
               KEY first (first)
               )
               COLLATE {$wpdb_collate}";
   
           require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
           dbDelta( $sql );
       }
   

Be careful not to put a COMMENT on field or key; the preg_match code doesn’t handle it. The following code is wrong (thanks to Store Locator Plus’ code).

private function index_test_001() {
     global $wpdb;
     $table_name = $wpdb->prefix . 'dbdelta_test_001';
     $wpdb_collate = $wpdb->collate;
     $sql =
         "CREATE TABLE {$table_name} (
         id mediumint(8) unsigned NOT NULL auto_increment ,
         first varchar(255) NULL,
         PRIMARY KEY  (id),
         KEY first (first) COMMENT 'First name'
         )
         COLLATE {$wpdb_collate}";
 
     require_once(ABSPATH . 'wp-admin/includes/upgrade.php');
     dbDelta( $sql );
 }

Note: If you change the name of a field, an empty column with the new name will be created, but the old column is not removed!

(I post here a corrected version of my previous note. Several typographical mistakes have slipped into the original version.)
As a side-note, the dbDelta function cannot be used to drop a table from the wp_ database . A function such as the one below can be used instead (don’t forget to replace my_theme with your own theme name):

function my_theme_drop_table ( $table_name = 'the_name_without_any_prefix' ){
	global $wpdb;

	$table_name_prepared = $wpdb->prefix . $table_name;
	$the_removal_query = "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS {$table_name_prepared}";

	$wpdb->query( $the_removal_query );
}

See also https://developer.wordpress.org/plugins/the-basics/uninstall-methods/.