Question

The QMenuBar class provides a horizontal menu bar. More...

#include <qmenubar.h>

Inherits QFrame and QMenuData.

List of all member functions.

Public Members

• QMenuBar ( QWidget*parent = 0, constchar*name = 0 )
• ~QMenuBar ()
• virtual void show ()
• virtual void hide ()
• virtual int heightForWidth ( intmax_width ) const
• enum Separator { Never = 0, InWindowsStyle = 1 }
• Separator separator () const (obsolete)
• virtual void setSeparator ( Separatorwhen ) (obsolete)
• void setDefaultUp ( bool )
• bool isDefaultUp () const

Signals

• void activated ( intid )
• void highlighted ( intid )

Important Inherited Members

• int insertItem ( constQString&text, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQString&text, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQString&text, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( QWidget*widget, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, QCustomMenuItem*custom, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertItem ( QCustomMenuItem*custom, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )
• int insertSeparator ( intindex = -1 )
• void removeItem ( intid )
• void clear ()
• bool isItemEnabled ( intid ) const
• void setItemEnabled ( intid, boolenable )

Properties

• bool defaultUp- the popup orientation
• Separator separator- in which cases a menubar sparator is drawn (obsolete)

Protected Members

• virtual void drawContents ( QPainter*p )
• virtual void menuContentsChanged ()
• virtual void menuStateChanged ()

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Detailed Description

The QMenuBar class provides a horizontal menu bar.

A menu bar consists of a list of pull-down menu items. You add menu items with insertItem(). For example, asuming that menubar is a pointer to a QMenuBar and filemenu is a pointer to a QPopupMenu, the following statement inserts the menu into the menu bar:

  menubar->insertItem( "&File", filemenu );
  

The ampersand in the menu item's text sets Alt+F as a shortcut for this menu. (You can use "&&" to get a real ampersand in the menu bar.)

Items are either enabled or disabled. You toggle their state with setItemEnabled().

There is no need to lay out a menu bar. It automatically sets its own geometry to the top of the parent widget and changes it appropriately whenever the parent is resized.

Example of creating a menu bar with menu items (from menu/menu.cpp):

        QPopupMenu *file = new QPopupMenu( this );

        file->insertItem( p1, "&Open",  this, SLOT(open()), CTRL+Key_O );
        file->insertItem( p2, "&New", this, SLOT(news()), CTRL+Key_N );

        menu = new QMenuBar( this );

        menu->insertItem( "&File", file );

In most main window style applications you would use the menuBar() provided in QMainWindow, adding QPopupMenus to the menu bar and adding QActions to the popup menus.

Example (from action/application.cpp):

        QPopupMenu * file = new QPopupMenu( this );
        menuBar()->insertItem( "&File", file );
        fileNewAction->addTo( file );

Menu items can have text and pixmaps (or iconsets), see the various insertItem() overloads, as well as separators, see insertSeparator(). You can also add custom menu items that are derived from QCustomMenuItem.

Menu items may be removed with removeItem() and enabled or disabled with setItemEnabled().

QMenuBar on Qt/Mac is a wrapper for using the system-wide menubar. However, if you have multiple menubars in one dialog the outermost menubar (normally inside a widget with WType_TopLevel) will be used for the global menubar.

Qt/Mac also provides a menubar merging feature, with this your QMenubar will be brought closer to conforming to accepted Mac OS X menubar layout. The merging functionality is based on string matching the title of a QPopupMenu entry, these strings are translated (using QObject::tr()) in the "QMenuBar" context. If an entry is moved the regularly connected slots will still fire as if it was in the original place. The table below outlines the strings looked for and where the entry is placed if matched:

String matches	Placement	Notes
about.*	Application Menu | About	If this entry is not found no About item will appear in the Application Menu
config, options, setup, settings, preferences	Application Menu | Settings	If this entry is not found the Settings item will be disabled
quit, exit	Application Menu | Quit	If this entry is not found a default Quit item will be created to call QApplication::quit()

See also QPopupMenu, QAccel, QAction, Aqua Style Guidelines, GUI Design Handbook: Menu Bar and Main Window and Related Classes.

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Member Type Documentation

QMenuBar::Separator

This enum type is used to decide whether QMenuBar should draw a separator line at its bottom. The possible values are:

• QMenuBar::Never - In many applications there is already a separator, and having two looks wrong.
• QMenuBar::InWindowsStyle - In some other applications a separator looks good in Windows style, but nowhere else.

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Member Function Documentation

QMenuBar::QMenuBar ( QWidget*parent = 0, constchar*name = 0 )

Constructs a menu bar with a parent and a name.

QMenuBar::~QMenuBar ()

Destroys the menu bar.

void QMenuBar::activated ( intid ) [signal]

This signal is emitted when a menu item is selected; id is the id of the selected item.

Normally you will connect each menu item to a single slot using QMenuData::insertItem(), but sometimes you will want to connect several items to a single slot (most often if the user selects from an array). This signal is useful in such cases.

See also highlighted() and QMenuData::insertItem().

Example: progress/progress.cpp.

void QMenuData::clear ()

Removes all menu items.

See also removeItem() and removeItemAt().

Examples: mdi/application.cpp and qwerty/qwerty.cpp.

void QMenuBar::drawContents ( QPainter*p ) [virtual protected]

Called from QFrame::paintEvent(). Draws the menu bar contents using painter p.

Reimplemented from QFrame.

int QMenuBar::heightForWidth ( intmax_width ) const [virtual]

Returns the height that the menu would resize itself to if its parent (and hence itself) resized to the given max_width. This can be useful for simple layout tasks in which the height of the menu bar is needed after items have been inserted. See showimg/showimg.cpp for an example of the usage.

Example: showimg/showimg.cpp.

Reimplemented from QWidget.

void QMenuBar::hide () [virtual]

Reimplements QWidget::hide() in order to deselect any selected item, and calls setUpLayout() for the main window.

Example: grapher/grapher.cpp.

Reimplemented from QWidget.

void QMenuBar::highlighted ( intid ) [signal]

This signal is emitted when a menu item is highlighted; id is the id of the highlighted item.

Normally, you will connect each menu item to a single slot using QMenuData::insertItem(), but sometimes you will want to connect several items to a single slot (most often if the user selects from an array). This signal is useful in such cases.

See also activated() and QMenuData::insertItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQString&text, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

The family of insertItem() functions inserts menu items into a popup menu or a menu bar.

A menu item is usually either a text string or a pixmap, both with an optional icon or keyboard accelerator. For special cases it is also possible to insert custom items (see QCustomMenuItem) or even widgets into popup menus.

Some insertItem() members take a popup menu as an additional argument. Use this to insert submenus to existing menus or pulldown menus to a menu bar.

The number of insert functions may look confusing, but they are actually quite simple to use.

This default version inserts a menu item with the text text, the accelerator key accel, an id and an optional index and connects it to the slot member in the object receiver.

Example:

    QMenuBar   *mainMenu = new QMenuBar;
    QPopupMenu *fileMenu = new QPopupMenu;
    fileMenu->insertItem( "New",  myView, SLOT(newFile()), CTRL+Key_N );
    fileMenu->insertItem( "Open", myView, SLOT(open()),    CTRL+Key_O );
    mainMenu->insertItem( "File", fileMenu );
  

Not all insert functions take an object/slot parameter or an accelerator key. Use connectItem() and setAccel() on these items.

If you need to translate accelerators, use tr() with a string description that use pass to the QKeySequence constructor:

    fileMenu->insertItem( tr("Open"), myView, SLOT(open()),
                         tr("Ctrl+O") );
  

In the example above, pressing Ctrl+N or selecting "Open" from the menu activates the myView->open() function.

Some insert functions take a QIconSet parameter to specify the little menu item icon. Note that you can always pass a QPixmap object instead.

The index specifies the position in the menu. The menu item is appended at the end of the list if index is negative.

Note that keyboard accelerators in Qt are not application-global, instead they are bound to a certain top-level window. For example, accelerators in QPopupMenu items only work for menus that are associated with a certain window. This is true for popup menus that live in a menu bar since their accelerators will then be installed in the menu bar itself. This also applies to stand-alone popup menus that have a top-level widget in their parentWidget() chain. The menu will then install its accelerator object on that top-level widget. For all other cases use an independent QAccel object.

Warning: Be careful when passing a literal 0 to insertItem() because some C++ compilers choose the wrong overloaded function. Cast the 0 to what you mean, e.g. (QObject*)0.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel(), connectItem(), QAccel and qnamespace.h.

Examples: addressbook/mainwindow.cpp, canvas/canvas.cpp, mdi/application.cpp, menu/menu.cpp, qwerty/qwerty.cpp, scrollview/scrollview.cpp and showimg/showimg.cpp.

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, text text, accelerator accel, optional id id, and optional index. The menu item is connected it to the receiver's member slot. The icon will be displayed to the left of the text in the item.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel(), connectItem(), QAccel and qnamespace.h.

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with pixmap pixmap, accelerator accel, optional id id, and optional index. The menu item is connected it to the receiver's member slot. The icon will be displayed to the left of the text in the item.

To look best when being highlighted as a menu item, the pixmap should provide a mask (see QPixmap::mask()).

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, constQObject*receiver, constchar*member, constQKeySequence&accel = 0, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, pixmap pixmap, accelerator accel, optional id id, and optional index. The icon will be displayed to the left of the pixmap in the item. The item is connected to the member slot in the receiver object.

To look best when being highlighted as a menu item, the pixmap should provide a mask (see QPixmap::mask()).

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel(), connectItem(), QAccel and qnamespace.h.

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQString&text, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with text text, optional id id, and optional index.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, text text, optional id id, and optional index. The icon will be displayed to the left of the text in the item.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQString&text, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with text text, submenu popup, optional id id, and optional index.

The popup must be deleted by the programmer or by its parent widget. It is not deleted when this menu item is removed or when the menu is deleted.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQString&text, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, text text, submenu popup, optional id id, and optional index. The icon will be displayed to the left of the text in the item.

The popup must be deleted by the programmer or by its parent widget. It is not deleted when this menu item is removed or when the menu is deleted.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with pixmap pixmap, optional id id, and optional index.

To look best when being highlighted as a menu item, the pixmap should provide a mask (see QPixmap::mask()).

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, pixmap pixmap, optional id id, and optional index. The icon will be displayed to the left of the pixmap in the item.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQPixmap&pixmap, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with pixmap pixmap, submenu popup, optional id id, and optional index.

The popup must be deleted by the programmer or by its parent widget. It is not deleted when this menu item is removed or when the menu is deleted.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, constQPixmap&pixmap, QPopupMenu*popup, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item with icon icon, pixmap pixmap submenu popup, optional id id, and optional index. The icon will be displayed to the left of the pixmap in the item.

The popup must be deleted by the programmer or by its parent widget. It is not deleted when this menu item is removed or when the menu is deleted.

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem(), changeItem(), setAccel() and connectItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( QWidget*widget, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a menu item that consists of the widget widget with optional id id, and optional index.

Ownership of widget is transferred to the popup menu or to the menu bar.

Theoretically, any widget can be inserted into a popup menu. In practice, this only makes sense with certain widgets.

If a widget is not focus-enabled (see QWidget::isFocusEnabled()), the menu treats it as a separator; this means that the item is not selectable and will never get focus. In this way you can, for example, simply insert a QLabel if you need a popup menu with a title.

If the widget is focus-enabled it will get focus when the user traverses the popup menu with the arrow keys. If the widget does not accept ArrowUp and ArrowDown in its key event handler, the focus will move back to the menu when the respective arrow key is hit one more time. This works with a QLineEdit, for example. If the widget accepts the arrow key itself, it must also provide the possibility to put the focus back on the menu again by calling QWidget::focusNextPrevChild(). Futhermore, if the embedded widget closes the menu when the user made a selection, this can be done safely by calling

    if ( isVisible() &&
         parentWidget() &&
         parentWidget()->inherits("QPopupMenu") )
        parentWidget()->close();
  

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also removeItem().

int QMenuData::insertItem ( constQIconSet&icon, QCustomMenuItem*custom, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a custom menu item custom with an icon and with optional id id, and optional index.

This only works with popup menus. It is not supported for menu bars. Ownership of custom is transferred to the popup menu.

If you want to connect a custom item to a certain slot, use connectItem().

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also connectItem(), removeItem() and QCustomMenuItem.

int QMenuData::insertItem ( QCustomMenuItem*custom, intid = -1, intindex = -1 )

This is an overloaded member function, provided for convenience. It behaves essentially like the above function.

Inserts a custom menu item custom with optional id id, and optional index.

This only works with popup menus. It is not supported for menu bars. Ownership of custom is transferred to the popup menu.

If you want to connect a custom item to a certain slot, use connectItem().

Returns the allocated menu identifier number (id if id >= 0).

See also connectItem(), removeItem() and QCustomMenuItem.

int QMenuData::insertSeparator ( intindex = -1 )

Inserts a separator at position index. The separator becomes the last menu item if index is negative.

In a popup menu a separator is rendered as a horizontal line. In a Motif menu bar a separator is spacing, so the rest of the items (normally just "Help") are drawn right-justified. In a Windows menu bar separators are ignored (to comply with the Windows style guidelines).

Examples: addressbook/mainwindow.cpp, mdi/application.cpp, menu/menu.cpp, progress/progress.cpp, scrollview/scrollview.cpp, showimg/showimg.cpp and sound/sound.cpp.

bool QMenuBar::isDefaultUp () const

Returns the popup orientation. See the "defaultUp" property for details.

bool QMenuData::isItemEnabled ( intid ) const

Returns TRUE if the item with identifier id is enabled; otherwise returns FALSE

See also setItemEnabled().

void QMenuBar::menuContentsChanged () [virtual protected]

Recomputes the menu bar's display data according to the new contents.

You should never need to call this; it is called automatically by QMenuData whenever it needs to be called.

Reimplemented from QMenuData.

void QMenuBar::menuStateChanged () [virtual protected]

Recomputes the menu bar's display data according to the new state.

You should never need to call this; it is called automatically by QMenuData whenever it needs to be called.

Reimplemented from QMenuData.

void QMenuData::removeItem ( intid )

Removes the menu item that has the identifier id.

See also removeItemAt() and clear().

Example: chart/chartform.cpp.

Separator QMenuBar::separator () const

Returns in which cases a menubar sparator is drawn. See the "separator" property for details.

void QMenuBar::setDefaultUp ( bool )

Sets the popup orientation. See the "defaultUp" property for details.

void QMenuData::setItemEnabled ( intid, boolenable )

If enable is TRUE, enables the menu item with identifier id; otherwise disables the menu item with identifier id.

See also isItemEnabled().

Examples: mdi/application.cpp, menu/menu.cpp, progress/progress.cpp and showimg/showimg.cpp.

void QMenuBar::setSeparator ( Separatorwhen ) [virtual]

Sets in which cases a menubar sparator is drawn to when. See the "separator" property for details.

void QMenuBar::show () [virtual]

Reimplements QWidget::show() in order to set up the correct keyboard accelerators and to raise itself to the top of the widget stack.

Example: grapher/grapher.cpp.

Reimplemented from QWidget.

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Property Documentation

bool defaultUp

This property holds the popup orientation.

The default popup orientation. By default, menus pop "down" the screen. By setting the property to TRUE, the menu will pop "up". You might call this for menus that are below the document to which they refer.

If the menu would not fit on the screen, the other direction is used rather than the default.

Set this property's value with setDefaultUp() and get this property's value with isDefaultUp().

Separator separator

This property holds in which cases a menubar sparator is drawn.

This property is obsolete. It is provided to keep old source working. We strongly advise against using it in new code.

Set this property's value with setSeparator() and get this property's value with separator().