Question

若研究一下第 10 章介绍的那个 Java 1.1 对象序列化示例，可能发现若在一个对象序列化以后再撤消对它的序列化，或者说进行装配，那么实际经历的正是一个“克隆”的过程。

那么为什么不用序列化进行深层复制呢？下面这个例子通过计算执行时间对比了这两种方法：

//: Compete.java
import java.io.*;

class Thing1 implements Serializable {}
class Thing2 implements Serializable {
  Thing1 o1 = new Thing1();
}

class Thing3 implements Cloneable {
  public Object clone() {
    Object o = null;
    try {
      o = super.clone();
    } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
      System.out.println("Thing3 can't clone");
    }
    return o;
  }
}

class Thing4 implements Cloneable {
  Thing3 o3 = new Thing3();
  public Object clone() {
    Thing4 o = null;
    try {
      o = (Thing4)super.clone();
    } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
      System.out.println("Thing4 can't clone");
    }
    // Clone the field, too:
    o.o3 = (Thing3)o3.clone();
    return o;
  }
}

public class Compete {
  static final int SIZE = 5000;
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    Thing2[] a = new Thing2[SIZE];
    for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
      a[i] = new Thing2();
    Thing4[] b = new Thing4[SIZE];
    for(int i = 0; i < b.length; i++)
      b[i] = new Thing4();
    try {
      long t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      ByteArrayOutputStream buf = 
        new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      ObjectOutputStream o =
        new ObjectOutputStream(buf);
      for(int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
        o.writeObject(a[i]);
      // Now get copies:
      ObjectInputStream in =
        new ObjectInputStream(
          new ByteArrayInputStream(
            buf.toByteArray()));
      Thing2[] c = new Thing2[SIZE];
      for(int i = 0; i < c.length; i++)
        c[i] = (Thing2)in.readObject();
      long t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println(
        "Duplication via serialization: " +
        (t2 - t1) + " Milliseconds");
      // Now try cloning:
      t1 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      Thing4[] d = new Thing4[SIZE];
      for(int i = 0; i < d.length; i++)
        d[i] = (Thing4)b[i].clone();
      t2 = System.currentTimeMillis();
      System.out.println(
        "Duplication via cloning: " +
        (t2 - t1) + " Milliseconds");
    } catch(Exception e) {
      e.printStackTrace();
    }
  }
} ///:~

其中，Thing2 和 Thing4 包含了成员对象，所以需要进行一些深层复制。一个有趣的地方是尽管 Serializable 类很容易设置，但在复制它们时却要做多得多的工作。克隆涉及到大量的类设置工作，但实际的对象复制是相当简单的。结果很好地说明了一切。下面是几次运行分别得到的结果：

的确

Duplication via serialization: 3400 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds

Duplication via serialization: 3410 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds

Duplication via serialization: 3520 Milliseconds
Duplication via cloning: 110 Milliseconds

除了序列化和克隆之间巨大的时间差异以外，我们也注意到序列化技术的运行结果并不稳定，而克隆每一次花费的时间都是相同的。