Question

In this part of the PyGTK programming tutorial, we continue introducing PyGTK widgets.

Entry

The Entry is a single line text entry field. This widget is used to enter textual data.

entry.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# ZetCode PyGTK tutorial 
#
# This example demonstrates the Entry widget
#
# author: jan bodnar
# website: zetcode.com 
# last edited: February 2009

import gtk

class PyApp(gtk.Window):

  def __init__(self):
    super(PyApp, self).__init__()
    
    self.set_title("Entry")
    self.set_size_request(250, 200)
    self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)

    fixed = gtk.Fixed()

    self.label = gtk.Label("...")
    fixed.put(self.label, 60, 40)

    entry = gtk.Entry()
    entry.add_events(gtk.gdk.KEY_RELEASE_MASK)
    fixed.put(entry, 60, 100)

    entry.connect("key-release-event", self.on_key_release)

    self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
    self.add(fixed)
    self.show_all()

  def on_key_release(self, widget, event):
    self.label.set_text(widget.get_text())
    
PyApp()
gtk.main()

This example shows an entry widget and a label. The text that we key in the entry is displayed immediately in the label control.

entry = gtk.Entry()

Entry widget is created.

entry.connect("key-release-event", self.on_key_release)

If the text in the Entry widget is changed, we call the on_key_release() method.

def on_key_release(self, widget, event):
  self.label.set_text(widget.get_text())

We get the text from the Entry widget and set it to the label.

Figure: Entry Widget

HScale

The HScale is It is a horizontal slider that lets the user graphically select a value by sliding a knob within a bounded interval. Our example will show a volume control.

hscale.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# ZetCode PyGTK tutorial 
#
# This example demonstrates the HScale widget
#
# author: jan bodnar
# website: zetcode.com 
# last edited: February 2009


import gtk
import sys


class PyApp(gtk.Window):

  def __init__(self):
    super(PyApp, self).__init__()

    self.set_title("Scale")
    self.set_size_request(260, 150)
    self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)

    scale = gtk.HScale()
    scale.set_range(0, 100)
    scale.set_increments(1, 10)
    scale.set_digits(0)
    scale.set_size_request(160, 35)
    scale.connect("value-changed", self.on_changed)

    self.load_pixbufs()
    
    self.image = gtk.Image()
    self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.mutp)

    fix = gtk.Fixed()
    fix.put(scale, 20, 40)
    fix.put(self.image, 219, 50)

    self.add(fix)

    self.connect("destroy", lambda w: gtk.main_quit())
    self.show_all()
    
  def load_pixbufs(self):
  
    try:
      self.mutp = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file("mute.png")
      self.minp = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file("min.png")
      self.medp = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file("med.png")
      self.maxp = gtk.gdk.pixbuf_new_from_file("max.png")
      
    except Exception, e: 
      print "Error reading Pixbufs"
      print e.message
      sys.exit(1)


  def on_changed(self, widget):
    val = widget.get_value()

    if val == 0:
      self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.mutp)
    elif val > 0 and val <= 30:
      self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.minp)
    elif val > 30 and val < 80:
      self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.medp)
    else: 
      self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.maxp)
         

PyApp()
gtk.main()

In the example above, we have HScale and Image widgets. By dragging the scale we change the image on the Image widget.

scale = gtk.HScale()

HScale widget is created.

scale.set_range(0, 100)

We set the lower and upper boundaries of the scale.

scale.set_increments(1, 10)

The set_increments() method sets the step and page sizes for the range.

scale.set_digits(0)

We want to have integer values on the scale, so we set the number of decimal places to zero.

if val == 0:
  self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.mutp)
elif val > 0 and val <= 30:
  self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.minp)
elif val > 30 and val < 80:
  self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.medp)
else: 
  self.image.set_from_pixbuf(self.maxp)

Depending on the obtained value, we change the picture in the image widget.

Figure: HScale Widget

ToggleButton

ToggleButton is a button that has two states. Pressed and not pressed. You toggle between these two states by clicking on it. There are situations where this functionality fits well.

togglebuttons.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# ZetCode PyGTK tutorial 
#
# This example demonstrates the ToggleButton widget
#
# author: jan bodnar
# website: zetcode.com 
# last edited: February 2009

import gtk

class PyApp(gtk.Window):
  def __init__(self):
    super(PyApp, self).__init__()

    self.color = [0, 0, 0]
    
    self.set_title("ToggleButtons")
    self.resize(350, 240)
    self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
    self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)

    red = gtk.ToggleButton("Red")
    red.set_size_request(80, 35)
    red.connect("clicked", self.onred)
    green = gtk.ToggleButton("Green")
    green.set_size_request(80, 35)
    green.connect("clicked", self.ongreen)
    blue = gtk.ToggleButton("Blue")
    blue.set_size_request(80, 35)
    blue.connect("clicked", self.onblue)

    self.darea = gtk.DrawingArea()
    self.darea.set_size_request(150, 150)
    self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.color_parse("black"))

    fixed = gtk.Fixed()
    fixed.put(red, 30, 30)
    fixed.put(green, 30, 80)
    fixed.put(blue, 30, 130)
    fixed.put(self.darea, 150, 30)

    self.add(fixed)

    self.show_all()

  def onred(self, widget):
    if widget.get_active():
      self.color[0] = 65535
    else: self.color[0] = 0

    self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(self.color[0], 
      self.color[1], self.color[2]))

  def ongreen(self, widget):
    if (widget.get_active()):
      self.color[1] = 65535
    else: self.color[1] = 0

    self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(self.color[0],
      self.color[1], self.color[2]))

  def onblue(self, widget):
    if (widget.get_active()):
      self.color[2] = 65535
    else: self.color[2] = 0

    self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(self.color[0], 
      self.color[1], self.color[2]))


PyApp()
gtk.main()

In our example, we show three toggle buttons and a DrawingArea . We set the background colour of the area to black. The togglebuttons will toggle the red, green and blue parts of the colour value. The background colour will depend on which togglebuttons we have pressed.

self.color = [0, 0, 0]

This is the colour value that is going to be updated with the toggle buttons.

red = gtk.ToggleButton("Red")
red.set_size_request(80, 35)
red.connect("clicked", self.onred)

The ToggleButton widget is created. We set its size to 80x35 pixels. Each of the toggle buttons has its own handler method.

self.darea = gtk.DrawingArea()
self.darea.set_size_request(150, 150)
self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.color_parse("black"))

The DrawingArea widget is the widget that displays the colour, mixed by the toggle buttons. At start, it shows black colour.

if widget.get_active():
  self.color[0] = 65535
else: self.color[0] = 0

If the toggle button is pressed, we change the R, G or B part of the colour accordingly.

self.darea.modify_bg(gtk.STATE_NORMAL, gtk.gdk.Color(self.color[0], 
       self.color[1], self.color[2]))

We update the colour of the DrawingArea widget.

Figure: ToggleButton widget

Calendar

Our final widget is the Calendar widget. It is used to work with dates.

calendar.py

#!/usr/bin/python

# ZetCode PyGTK tutorial 
#
# This example demonstrates the Calendar widget
#
# author: jan bodnar
# website: zetcode.com 
# last edited: February 2009


import gtk

class PyApp(gtk.Window):

  def __init__(self):
    super(PyApp, self).__init__()

    self.set_title("Calendar")
    self.set_size_request(300, 270)
    self.set_position(gtk.WIN_POS_CENTER)
    self.set_border_width(2)

    self.label = gtk.Label("...")

    calendar = gtk.Calendar() 
    calendar.connect("day_selected", self.on_day_selected)

    fix = gtk.Fixed()
    fix.put(calendar, 20, 20)
    fix.put(self.label, 40, 230)

    self.add(fix)

    self.connect("destroy", gtk.main_quit)
    self.show_all()
    
  def on_day_selected(self, widget):
    (year, month, day) = widget.get_date()
    self.label.set_label(str(month) + "/" + str(day) + "/" + str(year))
  
    

PyApp()
gtk.main()

We have the Calendar widget and a Label . The selected day from the calendar is shown in the label.

calendar = gtk.Calendar() 

Calendar widget is created.

(year, month, day) = widget.get_date()
self.label.set_label(str(month) + "/" + str(day) + "/" + str(year))

In the on_day_selected() method we retrieve the currently selected date, and update the label.

Figure: Calendar

In this chapter of the PyGTK tutorial, we finished talking about the PyGTK widgets.