Question

In this part of the Qyoto C# programming tutorial, we will work with menus and toolbars.

A menubar is one of the most visible parts of the GUI application. It is a group of commands located in various menus. Menus group commands that we can use in an application. Toolbars provide a quick access to the most frequently used commands.

Simple menu

The first example will show a simple menu.

using System;
using QtCore;
using QtGui;

/**
 * ZetCode Qyoto C# tutorial
 *
 * This program shows a simple
 * menu. It has one action, which
 * will terminate the program, when
 * selected. 
 *
 * @author Jan Bodnar
 * website zetcode.com
 * last modified October 2012
 */

public class QyotoApp : QMainWindow 
{  
  public QyotoApp() 
  {
    WindowTitle = "Simple menu";

    InitUI();
    
    Resize(300, 200);
    Move(300, 300);
    Show();
  }

  private void InitUI() 
  {
    QAction quit = new QAction("&Quit", this);

    QMenu file = MenuBar.AddMenu("&File");
    file.AddAction(quit);
    
    Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));
  }
  
  [STAThread]
  public static int Main(String[] args) 
  {
    new QApplication(args);
    new QyotoApp();
    return QApplication.Exec();
  }
}

We have a menubar, a menu and an action. In order to work with menus, we must inherit from QMainWindow widget.

QAction quit = new QAction("&Quit", this);

This code line creates a QAction . Each QMenu has one or more action objects. Note the ampersand (&) character. It creates a shortcut for the item: Alt+Q. It also underlines the Q character. The shortcut is active when the file menu is dropped down.

QMenu file = MenuBar.AddMenu("&File");
file.AddAction(quit);

We create a QMenu object. The ampersand character creates a shortcut: Alt+F. The consecutive shortcuts Alt+F, Alt+Q terminate the application.

Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));

When we select this option from the menu, the application terminates.

Figure: Simple menu

Creating a submenu

A submenu is a menu plugged into another menu object. The next example demonstrates this.

using System;
using QtCore;
using QtGui;

/**
 * ZetCode Qyoto C# tutorial
 *
 * This program creates a
 * submenu.
 *
 * @author Jan Bodnar
 * website zetcode.com
 * last modified October 2012
 */

public class QyotoApp : QMainWindow 
{  
  public QyotoApp() 
  {
    WindowTitle = "Submenu";

    InitUI();
    
    Resize(300, 200);
    Move(300, 300);
    Show();
  }

  private void InitUI() 
  {
    QAction quit = new QAction("&Quit", this);

    QMenu file = MenuBar.AddMenu("&File");
    QMenu impm = new QMenu("Import");

    QAction seeds = new QAction("Import news feed...", this);
    QAction marks = new QAction("Import bookmarks...", this);
    QAction mail = new QAction("Import mail...", this);

    impm.AddAction(seeds);
    impm.AddAction(marks);
    impm.AddAction(mail);

    file.AddMenu(impm);
    file.AddAction(quit);

    Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));
  }
  
  [STAThread]
  public static int Main(String[] args) 
  {
    new QApplication(args);
    new QyotoApp();
    return QApplication.Exec();
  }
}

In the example, we have three options in a submenu of a file menu.

QMenu file = MenuBar.AddMenu("&File");
QMenu impm = new QMenu("Import");

We have two QMenu objects. The file menu and the import menu.

QAction seeds = new QAction("Import news feed...", this);
QAction marks = new QAction("Import bookmarks...", this);
QAction mail = new QAction("Import mail...", this);

We create three action objects.

impm.AddAction(seeds);
impm.AddAction(marks);
impm.AddAction(mail);

We add the action objects into the import menu.

file.AddMenu(impm);

Finally, we add the import menu into the file menu.

Figure: Submenu

Images, menus, separators

In the following example, we will further enhance our previous application. We will add icons to the menus, use shortcuts and a separator.

using System;
using QtCore;
using QtGui;

/**
 * ZetCode Qyoto C# tutorial
 *
 * This program shows image menu items, a shorcut
 * and a separator.
 *
 * @author Jan Bodnar
 * website zetcode.com
 * last modified October 2012
 */

public class QyotoApp : QMainWindow 
{  
  public QyotoApp() 
  {
    WindowTitle = "Image menu";

    InitUI();
    
    Resize(300, 200);
    Move(300, 300);
    Show();
  }

  private void InitUI() 
  {
    QIcon newpix = new QIcon("new.png");
    QIcon openpix = new QIcon("open.png");
    QIcon quitpix = new QIcon("quit.png");

    QAction newa = new QAction(newpix, "&New", this);
    QAction open = new QAction(openpix, "&Open", this);
    QAction quit = new QAction(quitpix, "&Quit", this);
    quit.Shortcut = "CTRL+Q";

    QMenu file;
    file = MenuBar.AddMenu("&File");
    file.AddAction(newa);
    file.AddAction(open);
    file.AddSeparator();
    file.AddAction(quit);

    Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));
  }
  
  [STAThread]
  public static int Main(String[] args) 
  {
    new QApplication(args);
    new QyotoApp();
    return QApplication.Exec();
  }
}

In our example, we have one menu with three actions. Only the quit action will actually do something if we select it. We also create a separator and a Ctrl+Q shortcut, which will terminate the application.

QIcon newpix = new QIcon("new.png");
QIcon openpix = new QIcon("open.png");
QIcon quitpix = new QIcon("quit.png");

These are PNG images that we will use in the application.

QAction newa = new QAction(newpix, "&New", this);
QAction open = new QAction(openpix, "&Open", this);
QAction quit = new QAction(quitpix, "&Quit", this);

Here we create three action objects. The first parameter is the QIcon .

quit.Shortcut = "CTRL+Q";

This line creates a shortcut. By pressing this shortcut, we will run the quit action, which will quit the application.

file.AddSeparator();

We create a separator. The separator is a horizontal line, which enables us to group menu actions into some logical parts.

Figure: Images, shortcut and a separator

A toolbar

The QToolBar class provides a movable panel that contains a set of controls, which provide a quick access to the application actions.

using System;
using QtCore;
using QtGui;

/**
 * ZetCode Qyoto C# tutorial
 *
 * This program creates a 
 * toolbar.
 *
 * @author Jan Bodnar
 * website zetcode.com
 * last modified October 2012
 */

public class QyotoApp : QMainWindow 
{  
  public QyotoApp() 
  {
    WindowTitle = "Toolbar";

    InitUI();
    
    Resize(300, 200);
    Move(300, 300);
    Show();
  }

  private void InitUI() 
  {
    QIcon newpi = new QIcon("new.png");
    QIcon openpi = new QIcon("open.png");
    QIcon quitpi = new QIcon("quit.png");

    QToolBar toolbar = AddToolBar("main toolbar");
    toolbar.AddAction(newpi, "New File");
    toolbar.AddAction(openpi, "Open File");
    toolbar.AddSeparator();
    QAction quit = toolbar.AddAction(quitpi,
      "Quit Application");

    Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));
  }
  
  [STAThread]
  public static int Main(String[] args) 
  {
    new QApplication(args);
    new QyotoApp();
    return QApplication.Exec();
  }
}

We create a toolbar with three action objects and one separator.

QIcon newpi = new QIcon("new.png");
QIcon openpi = new QIcon("open.png");
QIcon quitpi = new QIcon("quit.png");

Toolbar action objects will display these icons.

QToolBar toolbar = AddToolBar("main toolbar");

The AddToolBar() method of the QMainWindow class creates a toolbar for the application. The text string gives a toolbar a name. This name is used to reference this toolbar, because there can be multiple toolbars in one application. If we right click on the window area, we can see a checkable option, which shows/hides the toolbar.

toolbar.AddSeparator();

We create a vertical separator.

Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));

When we click on the quit action object, the application terminates.

Figure: Toolbar

Undo redo

The following example demonstrates, how we can deactivate toolbar buttons on the toolbar. It is a common practice in GUI programming. For example a save button. If we save all changes of our document to the disk, the save button is deactivated in most text editors. This way the application indicates to the user that all changes are already saved.

using System;
using QtCore;
using QtGui;

/**
 * ZetCode Qyoto C# tutorial
 *
 * This program disables/enables
 * toolbuttons on a toolbar.
 *
 * @author Jan Bodnar
 * website zetcode.com
 * last modified October 2012
 */

public class QyotoApp : QMainWindow 
{  
  int count = 0;
  QToolButton undoButton;
  QToolButton redoButton;
  
  public QyotoApp() 
  {
    WindowTitle = "Undo redo";

    InitUI();
    
    Resize(300, 200);
    Move(300, 300);
    Show();
  }

  private void InitUI() 
  {
    QIcon undoi = new QIcon("undo.png");
    QIcon redoi = new QIcon("redo.png");
    QIcon quitpi = new QIcon("quit.png");

    QToolBar toolbar = new QToolBar();
    undoButton = new QToolButton();
    redoButton = new QToolButton();

    QAction undoAction = new QAction(undoi, "Undo", undoButton);
    QAction redoAction = new QAction(redoi, "Redo", redoButton);

    undoButton.DefaultAction = undoAction;
    redoButton.DefaultAction = redoAction;
    
    toolbar.AddWidget(undoButton);
    toolbar.AddWidget(redoButton);
    toolbar.AddSeparator();

    QAction quit = toolbar.AddAction(quitpi, "Quit Application");
    
    undoButton.Triggered += Count;
    redoButton.Triggered += Count;
    
    Connect(quit, SIGNAL("triggered()"), qApp, SLOT("quit()"));

    AddToolBar(toolbar);    
  }
  
  [Q_SLOT]
  void Count(QAction action) 
  {
    if ("Undo".Equals(action.Text)) 
    {
      count += -1;
    } 
    else 
    {
      count += 1;
    }

    if (count <= 0) 
    {
      undoButton.SetDisabled(true);
      redoButton.SetDisabled(false);
    }

    if (count >= 5) 
    {
      undoButton.SetDisabled(false);
      redoButton.SetDisabled(true);
    }
  }
  
  [STAThread]
  public static int Main(String[] args) 
  {
    new QApplication(args);
    new QyotoApp();
    return QApplication.Exec();
  }
}

In our example, we have three QAction objects and a separator. After several clicks on the undo or redo buttons, they become deactivated. Visually, the buttons are grayed out.

int count = 0;

The count variable determines, which button is activated and deactivated.

undoButton.Triggered += Count;
redoButton.Triggered += Count;

Clicking on the toolbar button, the Triggered signal is emitted. We connect this signal to the Count() method. It receives the QAction object which has triggered it.

if ("Undo".Equals(action.Text)) 
{
  count += -1;
} 
else 
{
  count += 1;
}

The undo toolbar button subtracts 1 from the count variable. The redo adds 1. Depending on the value of the count variable, we enable/disable the toolbar buttons.

if (count <= 0) 
{
  undoButton.SetDisabled(true);
  redoButton.SetDisabled(false);
}

The SetDisabled() method activates or deactivates the toolbar buttons.

Figure: Undo redo

In this part of the Qyoto C# tutorial, we mentioned the menus and toolbars.