- Preface
- FAQ
- Guidelines for Contributing
- Contributors
- Part I - Basics
- Basics Data Structure
- String
- Linked List
- Binary Tree
- Huffman Compression
- Queue
- Heap
- Stack
- Set
- Map
- Graph
- Basics Sorting
- 算法复习——排序
- Bubble Sort
- Selection Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Merge Sort
- Quick Sort
- Heap Sort
- Bucket Sort
- Counting Sort
- Radix Sort
- Basics Algorithm
- Divide and Conquer
- Binary Search
- Math
- Greatest Common Divisor
- Prime
- Knapsack
- Probability
- Shuffle
- Bitmap
- Basics Misc
- Bit Manipulation
- Part II - Coding
- String
- strStr
- Two Strings Are Anagrams
- Compare Strings
- Anagrams
- Longest Common Substring
- Rotate String
- Reverse Words in a String
- Valid Palindrome
- Longest Palindromic Substring
- Space Replacement
- Wildcard Matching
- Length of Last Word
- Count and Say
- Integer Array
- Remove Element
- Zero Sum Subarray
- Subarray Sum K
- Subarray Sum Closest
- Recover Rotated Sorted Array
- Product of Array Exclude Itself
- Partition Array
- First Missing Positive
- 2 Sum
- 3 Sum
- 3 Sum Closest
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array II
- Merge Sorted Array
- Merge Sorted Array II
- Median
- Partition Array by Odd and Even
- Kth Largest Element
- Binary Search
- Binary Search
- Search Insert Position
- Search for a Range
- First Bad Version
- Search a 2D Matrix
- Search a 2D Matrix II
- Find Peak Element
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array
- Search in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array
- Find Minimum in Rotated Sorted Array II
- Median of two Sorted Arrays
- Sqrt x
- Wood Cut
- Math and Bit Manipulation
- Single Number
- Single Number II
- Single Number III
- O1 Check Power of 2
- Convert Integer A to Integer B
- Factorial Trailing Zeroes
- Unique Binary Search Trees
- Update Bits
- Fast Power
- Hash Function
- Count 1 in Binary
- Fibonacci
- A plus B Problem
- Print Numbers by Recursion
- Majority Number
- Majority Number II
- Majority Number III
- Digit Counts
- Ugly Number
- Plus One
- Linked List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List
- Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II
- Remove Duplicates from Unsorted List
- Partition List
- Add Two Numbers
- Two Lists Sum Advanced
- Remove Nth Node From End of List
- Linked List Cycle
- Linked List Cycle II
- Reverse Linked List
- Reverse Linked List II
- Merge Two Sorted Lists
- Merge k Sorted Lists
- Reorder List
- Copy List with Random Pointer
- Sort List
- Insertion Sort List
- Palindrome Linked List
- Delete Node in the Middle of Singly Linked List
- Rotate List
- Swap Nodes in Pairs
- Remove Linked List Elements
- Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Preorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Inorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Postorder Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
- Maximum Depth of Binary Tree
- Balanced Binary Tree
- Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum
- Lowest Common Ancestor
- Invert Binary Tree
- Diameter of a Binary Tree
- Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal
- Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal
- Subtree
- Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal
- Binary Tree Serialization
- Binary Search Tree
- Insert Node in a Binary Search Tree
- Validate Binary Search Tree
- Search Range in Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree
- Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree
- Binary Search Tree Iterator
- Exhaustive Search
- Subsets
- Unique Subsets
- Permutations
- Unique Permutations
- Next Permutation
- Previous Permuation
- Permutation Index
- Permutation Index II
- Permutation Sequence
- Unique Binary Search Trees II
- Palindrome Partitioning
- Combinations
- Combination Sum
- Combination Sum II
- Minimum Depth of Binary Tree
- Word Search
- Dynamic Programming
- Triangle
- Backpack
- Backpack II
- Minimum Path Sum
- Unique Paths
- Unique Paths II
- Climbing Stairs
- Jump Game
- Word Break
- Longest Increasing Subsequence
- Follow up
- Palindrome Partitioning II
- Longest Common Subsequence
- Edit Distance
- Jump Game II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock II
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock III
- Best Time to Buy and Sell Stock IV
- Distinct Subsequences
- Interleaving String
- Maximum Subarray
- Maximum Subarray II
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence
- Longest Increasing Continuous subsequence II
- Maximal Square
- Graph
- Find the Connected Component in the Undirected Graph
- Route Between Two Nodes in Graph
- Topological Sorting
- Word Ladder
- Bipartial Graph Part I
- Data Structure
- Implement Queue by Two Stacks
- Min Stack
- Sliding Window Maximum
- Longest Words
- Heapify
- Problem Misc
- Nuts and Bolts Problem
- String to Integer
- Insert Interval
- Merge Intervals
- Minimum Subarray
- Matrix Zigzag Traversal
- Valid Sudoku
- Add Binary
- Reverse Integer
- Gray Code
- Find the Missing Number
- Minimum Window Substring
- Continuous Subarray Sum
- Continuous Subarray Sum II
- Longest Consecutive Sequence
- Part III - Contest
- Google APAC
- APAC 2015 Round B
- Problem A. Password Attacker
- APAC 2016 Round D
- Problem A. Dynamic Grid
- Microsoft
- Microsoft 2015 April
- Problem A. Magic Box
- Problem B. Professor Q's Software
- Problem C. Islands Travel
- Problem D. Recruitment
- Microsoft 2015 April 2
- Problem A. Lucky Substrings
- Problem B. Numeric Keypad
- Problem C. Spring Outing
- Microsoft 2015 September 2
- Problem A. Farthest Point
- Appendix I Interview and Resume
- Interview
- Resume
- 術語表
文章来源于网络收集而来,版权归原创者所有,如有侵权请及时联系!
Heap
一般情况下,堆通常指的是 二叉堆 , 二叉堆 是一个近似 完全二叉树 的数据结构, 即披着二叉树羊皮的数组, 故使用数组来实现较为便利。子结点的键值或索引总是小于(或者大于)它的父节点,且每个节点的左右子树又是一个 二叉堆 (大根堆或者小根堆)。根节点最大的堆叫做最大堆或大根堆,根节点最小的堆叫做最小堆或小根堆。 常被用作实现优先队列。
特点
- 以数组表示,但是以完全二叉树的方式理解 。
- 唯一能够同时最优地利用空间和时间的方法——最坏情况下也能保证使用 2NlogN2N \log N2NlogN 次比较和恒定的额外空间。
- 在索引从 0 开始的数组中:
- 父节点
i
的左子节点在位置(2*i+1)
- 父节点
i
的右子节点在位置(2*i+2)
- 子节点
i
的父节点在位置floor((i-1)/2)
- 父节点
堆的基本操作
以大根堆为例,堆的常用操作如下。
- 最大堆调整(Max_Heapify):将堆的末端子节点作调整,使得子节点永远小于父节点
- 创建最大堆(Build_Max_Heap):将堆所有数据重新排序
- 堆排序(HeapSort):移除位在第一个数据的根节点,并做最大堆调整的递归运算
其中步骤 1 是给步骤 2 和 3 用的。
Python
class MaxHeap:
def __init__(self, array=None):
if array:
self.heap = self._max_heapify(array)
else:
self.heap = []
def _sink(self, array, i):
# move node down the tree
left, right = 2 * i + 1, 2 * i + 2
max_index = i
if left < len(array) and array[left] > array[max_index]:
max_index = left
if right < len(array) and array[right] > array[max_index]:
max_index = right
if max_index != i:
array[i], array[max_index] = array[max_index], array[i]
self._sink(array, max_index)
def _swim(self, array, i):
# move node up the tree
if i == 0:
return
father = (i - 1) / 2
if array[father] < array[i]:
array[father], array[i] = array[i], array[father]
self._swim(array, father)
def _max_heapify(self, array):
for i in xrange(len(array) / 2, -1, -1):
self._sink(array, i)
return array
def push(self, item):
self.heap.append(item)
self._swim(self.heap, len(self.heap) - 1)
def pop(self):
self.heap[0], self.heap[-1] = self.heap[-1], self.heap[0]
item = self.heap.pop()
self._sink(self.heap, 0)
return item
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