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01-02、使用 Spring MVC 构建 Hello World

发布于 2025-03-09 23:21:23 字数 16921 浏览 0 评论 0 收藏 0

本文演示如何使用 Spring MVC 做出最简单的 Hello World 应用。

示例 1

项目创建和之前一样,不过在最后一步要选择 Spring Web MVC:

项目结构如下:

web.xml 源码:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="3.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd">
  <context-param>
    <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
    <param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>

  <listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>
      30
    </session-timeout>
  </session-config>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>redirect.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

如果遇到匹配*.htm 的 URL,会使用 org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet 来处理。

applicationContext.xml 源码:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!-- was: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">

  <!--bean id="propertyConfigurer"
      class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer"
      p:location="/WEB-INF/jdbc.properties" />

<bean id="dataSource"
  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource"
  p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
  p:url="${jdbc.url}"
  p:username="${jdbc.username}"
  p:password="${jdbc.password}" /-->

  <!-- ADD PERSISTENCE SUPPORT HERE (jpa, hibernate, etc) -->

</beans>

applicationContext.xml 是 Spring 的配置文件。

dispatcher-servlet.xml 源码:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!-- was: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd">

  <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.support.ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping"/>

  <!--
  Most controllers will use the ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping above, but
  for the index controller we are using ParameterizableViewController, so we must
  define an explicit mapping for it.
  -->
  <bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
    <property name="mappings">
      <props>
        <prop key="index.htm">indexController</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
  </bean>

  <bean id="viewResolver"
      class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
      p:prefix="/WEB-INF/jsp/"
      p:suffix=".jsp" />

  <!--
  The index controller.
  -->
  <bean name="indexController"
      class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.ParameterizableViewController"
      p:viewName="index" />

</beans>

<bean id="viewResolver" .../> 定义了 JSP 模板文件的位置和后缀(这样其他地方就可以省略后缀了)。

URL 为 index.htm 时,对应的控制器是 indexController ,其调用了 /WEB-INF/jsp/ 下的模板 index.jsp

redirect.jsp 源码

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<% response.sendRedirect("index.htm"); %>

index.jsp 源码

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
  "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>
  <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>Welcome to Spring Web MVC project</title>
  </head>

  <body>
    <p>Hello! This is the default welcome page for a Spring Web MVC project.</p>
    <p><i>To display a different welcome page for this project, modify</i>
      <tt>index.jsp</tt> <i>, or create your own welcome page then change
        the redirection in</i> <tt>redirect.jsp</tt> <i>to point to the new
        welcome page and also update the welcome-file setting in</i>
      <tt>web.xml</tt>.</p>
  </body>
</html>

运行项目,打开浏览器访问 http://localhost:8084/Project_0102/ ,会自动跳转到 http://localhost:8084/Project_0102/index.htm ,并显示 index.jsp 的内容。

Hello World

修改 dispatcher-servlet.xml,将 <bean id="urlMapping" .../> 修改为:

<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
  <property name="mappings">
    <props>
      <prop key="index.htm">indexController</prop>
      <prop key="hello.htm">helloController</prop>
    </props>
  </property>
</bean>

并添加:

<bean name="helloController"
    class="me.letiantian.controller.HelloController" />

HelloController.java 的源码如下:

package me.letiantian.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements  Controller{

  @Override
  public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {

    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
    mv.addObject("message", "Hello World!你好");  
    mv.setViewName("hello");
    return mv;
  }

}

模板 hello.jsp 的源码如下:

<html>
  <head>
    <title>Hello world</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>${message}</h1>
  </body>
</html>

创建 static 目录,在 static 目录下创建 test.js,内容如下:

console.log("hello world");

web.xml 中添加:

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>  
  <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>  
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>  
  <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>

好了,现在的项目结构如下:

浏览器访问结果:

乱码了~囧~

解决方法:
HelloController.java 加入 response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");

package me.letiantian.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements  Controller{

  @Override
  public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");  // 新加入的内容
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
    mv.addObject("message", "Hello World!你好");  
    mv.setViewName("hello");
    return mv;
  }

}

示例 2

换种方法配置静态资源

删掉在 web.xml 中的:

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.png</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>  
  <url-pattern>*.js</url-pattern>  
</servlet-mapping>  

<servlet-mapping>  
  <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>  
  <url-pattern>*.css</url-pattern>   
</servlet-mapping>

dispatcher-servlet.xml 中增加以下内容:

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8' ?>
<!-- was: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> -->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
     xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
     xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
     xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
     xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
     xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
     xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd">

  <!-- 其他内容 -->
  <mvc:resources mapping="/static/**" location="/static/"/>  

</beans>

注意,在 beans 的属性中增加了 xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" ,属性 xsi:schemaLocation 中增加了 http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-4.0.xsd

不再使用任何后缀(例如.html,.jsp)

redirect.jsp 修改为:

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<% response.sendRedirect("index"); %>

将 web.xml 中的:

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

修改为:

<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

dispatcher-servlet.xml 中的:

<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
  <property name="mappings">
    <props>
      <prop key="index.htm">indexController</prop>
      <prop key="hello.htm">helloController</prop>
    </props>
  </property>
</bean>

修改为:

<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
  <property name="mappings">
    <props>
      <prop key="index">indexController</prop>
      <prop key="hello">helloController</prop>
    </props>
  </property>
</bean>

然后,浏览器访问 http://localhost:8084/Project_0102/hello

示例 3

这个示例展示如何获取 URL 中的数据。

修改 HelloController.java :

package me.letiantian.controller;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;

public class HelloController implements  Controller{

  @Override
  public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=UTF-8");
    ModelAndView mv = new ModelAndView();
    mv.addObject("name", request.getParameter("name"));  
    mv.setViewName("hello");
    return mv;
  }

}

修改 hello.jsp

<%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Hello world</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>${pageContext.request.contextPath}</h1>

    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/hello" method="GET">
      <input name="name" />
      <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
    </form>

    <h2>提交的数据: ${name}</h2>

  </body>
</html>

${pageContext.request.contextPath} 的输出是 /Project_0102
浏览器访问:

再编辑 JSP 文件时候遇到了这样的问题:

The header.jspf contains characters which will probably be damaged during conversion to the ISO-8859-1 character set. Do you want to save the file using this character set?

解决办法见 http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15499182/netbeans-forces-me-to-save-in-specific-encoding

资料

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