Question

There are several functions to read data from a database. The data can be fetched as an enumerated array, as an object or as an associated array.

There are three steps to retrieve data from a database. First we define an SQL SELECT statement. The statement is executed with the pg_query() function. (In case of prepared statements, we would use pg_execute() function.) We receive a result set object. Using the result set, we fetch the data with pg_fetch_row() , pg_fetch_assoc() or pg_fetch_object() functions.

<?php 

$host = "localhost"; 
$user = "user12"; 
$pass = "34klq*"; 
$db = "testdb"; 

$con = pg_connect("host=$host dbname=$db user=$user password=$pass")
  or die ("Could not connect to server\n"); 

$query = "SELECT * FROM cars LIMIT 5"; 

$rs = pg_query($con, $query) or die("Cannot execute query: $query\n");

while ($row = pg_fetch_row($rs)) {
  echo "$row[0] $row[1] $row[2]\n";
}

pg_close($con); 

?>

We get 5 cars from the cars table and print them to the console.

$query = "SELECT * FROM cars LIMIT 5";

This is the SQL to fetch 5 rows of cars.

$rs = pg_query($con, $query) or die("Cannot execute query: $query\n");

The query is executed with the pg_query() function. The function returns a result set.

while ($row = pg_fetch_row($rs)) {
  echo "$row[0] $row[1] $row[2]\n";
}

The pg_fetch_row() function returns an array of string values. We can use array index notation to get the array fields. When there are no more rows, the function returns false and the while loop terminates.

$ php retrieve1.php
1 Audi 52642
2 Mercedes 57127
3 Skoda 9000
4 Volvo 29000
5 Bentley 350000

Example output.

In the second example, we will fetch data with the pg_fetch_assoc() function.

<?php 

$host = "localhost"; 
$user = "user12"; 
$pass = "34klq*"; 
$db = "testdb"; 

$con = pg_connect("host=$host dbname=$db user=$user password=$pass")
  or die ("Could not connect to server\n"); 

$query = "SELECT * FROM cars LIMIT 5"; 

$rs = pg_query($con, $query) or die("Cannot execute query: $query\n");

while ($row = pg_fetch_assoc($rs)) {
  echo $row['id'] . " " . $row['name'] . " " . $row['price'];
  echo "\n";
}

pg_close($con);

?>

The pg_fetch_assoc() function fetches a row as an associative array. The keys of the associative array are the column names.

while ($row = pg_fetch_assoc($rs)) {
  echo $row['id'] . " " . $row['name'] . " " . $row['price'];
  echo "\n";
}

The id , name , and price are the keys to the returned associative array.

In the last example, we will fetch the data with the pg_fetch_object() function. It returns an object with properties that correspond to the fetched row's field names.

<?php 

$host = "localhost"; 
$user = "user12"; 
$pass = "34klq*"; 
$db = "testdb"; 

$con = pg_connect("host=$host dbname=$db user=$user password=$pass")
  or die("Could not connect to server\n"); 

$query = "SELECT * FROM cars LIMIT 5"; 

$rs = pg_query($con, $query) or die("Cannot execute query: $query\n");

while ($ro = pg_fetch_object($rs)) {
  echo $ro->id . " ";
  echo $ro->name . " ";
  echo $ro->price . " ";
  echo "\n";
}

pg_close($con); 

?>

We select five cars from the cars table.

while ($ro = pg_fetch_object($rs)) {
  echo $ro->id . " ";
  echo $ro->name . " ";
  echo $ro->price . " ";
  echo "\n";
}

The column names are the object properties, which hold the values.

We have finished reading data using pg_fetch_row() , pg_fetch_assoc() , and pg_fetch_object() functions.