收集 Python 标准模块和第三方库

Question

数学计算

numbers — Numeric abstract base classes
math — Mathematical functions
cmath — Mathematical functions for complex numbers
decimal — Decimal fixed point and floating point arithmetic
fractions — Rational numbers
random — Generate pseudo-random numbers
itertools — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
functools — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
operator — Standard operators as functions

文件和目录访问

os.path — Common pathname manipulations
fileinput — Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
stat — Interpreting stat() results
statvfs — Constants used with os.statvfs()
filecmp — File and Directory Comparisons
tempfile — Generate temporary files and directories
glob — Unix style pathname pattern expansion
fnmatch — Unix filename pattern matching
linecache — Random access to text lines
shutil — High-level file operations
dircache — Cached directory listings
macpath — Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions

数据持久化

pickle — Python object serialization
cPickle — A faster pickle
copy_reg — Register pickle support functions
shelve — Python object persistence
marshal — Internal Python object serialization
anydbm — Generic access to DBM-style databases
whichdb — Guess which DBM module created a database
dbm — Simple “database” interface
gdbm — GNU’s reinterpretation of dbm
dbhash — DBM-style interface to the BSD database library
bsddb — Interface to Berkeley DB library
dumbdbm — Portable DBM implementation
sqlite3 — DB-API 2.0 interface for SQLite databases

通用操作系统服务

os — Miscellaneous operating system interfaces
io — Core tools for working with streams
time — Time access and conversions
argparse — Parser for command-line options, arguments and sub-commands
optparse — Parser for command line options
getopt — C-style parser for command line options
logging — Logging facility for Python
logging.config — Logging configuration
logging.handlers — Logging handlers
getpass — Portable password input
curses — Terminal handling for character-cell displays
curses.textpad — Text input widget for curses programs
curses.ascii — Utilities for ASCII characters
curses.panel — A panel stack extension for curses
platform — Access to underlying platform’s identifying data
errno — Standard errno system symbols
ctypes — A foreign function library for Python

可选的操作系统服务

select — Waiting for I/O completion
threading — Higher-level threading interface
thread — Multiple threads of control
dummy_threading — Drop-in replacement for the threading module
dummy_thread — Drop-in replacement for the thread module
multiprocessing — Process-based “threading” interface
mmap — Memory-mapped file support
readline — GNU readline interface
rlcompleter — Completion function for GNU readline

进程间通信和网络

subprocess — Subprocess management
socket — Low-level networking interface
ssl — TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
signal — Set handlers for asynchronous events
popen2 — Subprocesses with accessible I/O streams
asyncore — Asynchronous socket handler
asynchat — Asynchronous socket command/response handler

互联网数据处理

email — An email and MIME handling package
json — JSON encoder and decoder
mailcap — Mailcap file handling
mailbox — Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
mhlib — Access to MH mailboxes
mimetools — Tools for parsing MIME messages
mimetypes — Map filenames to MIME types
MimeWriter — Generic MIME file writer
mimify — MIME processing of mail messages
multifile — Support for files containing distinct parts
rfc822 — Parse RFC 2822 mail headers
base64 — RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings
binhex — Encode and decode binhex4 files
binascii — Convert between binary and ASCII
quopri — Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
uu — Encode and decode uuencode files

结构化标记处理工具

HTMLParser — Simple HTML and XHTML parser
sgmllib — Simple SGML parser
htmllib — A parser for HTML documents
htmlentitydefs — Definitions of HTML general entities
XML Processing Modules
XML vulnerabilities
xml.etree.ElementTree — The ElementTree XML API
xml.dom — The Document Object Model API
xml.dom.minidom — Minimal DOM implementation
xml.dom.pulldom — Support for building partial DOM trees
xml.sax — Support for SAX2 parsers
xml.sax.handler — Base classes for SAX handlers
xml.sax.saxutils — SAX Utilities
xml.sax.xmlreader — Interface for XML parsers
xml.parsers.expat — Fast XML parsing using Expat

互联网协议和技术支持

webbrowser — Convenient Web-browser controller
cgi — Common Gateway Interface support
cgitb — Traceback manager for CGI scripts
wsgiref — WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
urllib — Open arbitrary resources by URL
urllib2 — extensible library for opening URLs
httplib — HTTP protocol client
ftplib — FTP protocol client
poplib — POP3 protocol client
imaplib — IMAP4 protocol client
nntplib — NNTP protocol client
smtplib — SMTP protocol client
smtpd — SMTP Server
telnetlib — Telnet client
uuid — UUID objects according to RFC 4122
urlparse — Parse URLs into components
SocketServer — A framework for network servers
BaseHTTPServer — Basic HTTP server
SimpleHTTPServer — Simple HTTP request handler
CGIHTTPServer — CGI-capable HTTP request handler
cookielib — Cookie handling for HTTP clients
Cookie — HTTP state management
xmlrpclib — XML-RPC client access
SimpleXMLRPCServer — Basic XML-RPC server
DocXMLRPCServer — Self-documenting XML-RPC server

第三方常用的50个库

Graphical interface     wxPython     http://wxpython.org    
Graphical interface     pyGtk     http://www.pygtk.org    
Graphical interface     pyQT     http://www.riverbankcomputing.co.uk/pyqt/    
Graphical interface     Pmw     http://pmw.sourceforge.net/    
Graphical interface     Tkinter 3000     http://effbot.org/zone/wck.htm    
Graphical interface     Tix     http://tix.sourceforge.net/    

Database     MySQLdb     http://sourceforge.net/projects/mysql-python    
Database     PyGreSQL     http://www.pygresql.org/    
Database     Gadfly     http://gadfly.sourceforge.net/    
Database     SQLAlchemy     http://www.sqlalchemy.org/    
Database     psycopg     http://www.initd.org/pub/software/psycopg/    
Database     kinterbasdb     http://kinterbasdb.sourceforge.net/    
Database     cx_Oracle     http://www.cxtools.net/default.aspx?nav=downloads    
Database     pySQLite     http://initd.org/tracker/pysqlite    

MSN Messenger     msnlib     http://auriga.wearlab.de/~alb/msnlib/    
MSN Messenger     pymsn     http://telepathy.freedesktop.org/wiki/Pymsn    
MSN Messenger     msnp     http://msnp.sourceforge.net/    
Network     Twisted     http://twistedmatrix.com/    
Images     PIL     http://www.pythonware.com/products/pil/    
Images     gdmodule     http://newcenturycomputers.net/projects/gdmodule.html    
Images     VideoCapture     http://videocapture.sourceforge.net/    

Sciences and Maths     scipy     http://www.scipy.org/    
Sciences and Maths     NumPy     http://numpy.scipy.org//    
Sciences and Maths     numarray     http://www.stsci.edu/resources/software_hardware/numarray    
Sciences and Maths     matplotlib     http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/    

Games     Pygame     http://www.pygame.org/news.html    
Games     Pyglet     http://www.pyglet.org/    
Games     PySoy     http://www.pysoy.org/    
Games     pyOpenGL     http://pyopengl.sourceforge.net/    

Jabber     jabberpy     http://jabberpy.sourceforge.net/    

Web     scrape     http://zesty.ca/python/scrape.html    
Web     Beautiful Soup     http://crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup    
Web     pythonweb     http://www.pythonweb.org/    
Web     mechanize     http://wwwsearch.sourceforge.net/mechanize/    

Localisation     geoname.py     http://www.zindep.com/blog-zindep/Geoname-python/    

Serial port     pySerial     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/    
Serial port     USPP     http://ibarona.googlepages.com/uspp    

Parallel Port     pyParallel     http://pyserial.sourceforge.net/pyparallel.html    

USB Port     pyUSB     http://bleyer.org/pyusb/    

Windows     ctypes     http://starship.python.net/crew/theller/ctypes/    
Windows     pywin32     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pywin32/    
Windows     pywinauto     http://www.openqa.org/pywinauto/    
Windows     pyrtf     http://pyrtf.sourceforge.net/    
Windows     wmi     http://timgolden.me.uk/python/wmi.html    

PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pymo     http://www.awaretek.com/pymo.html    
PDA/GSM/Mobiles     pyS60     http://sourceforge.net/projects/pys60    

Sound     pySoundic     http://pysonic.sourceforge.net/    
Sound     pyMedia     http://pymedia.org/    
Sound     FMOD     http://www.fmod.org/    
Sound     pyMIDI     http://www.cs.unc.edu/Research/assist/developer.shtml    

GMail     libgmail     http://libgmail.sourceforge.net/    
Google     pyGoogle     http://pygoogle.sourceforge.net/    
Expect     pyExpect     http://pexpect.sourceforge.net/    
WordNet     pyWordNet     http://osteele.com/projects/pywordnet/    
Command line     cmd     http://blog.doughellmann.com/2008/05/pymotw-cmd.html    
Compiler backend     llvm-py     http://mdevan.nfshost.com/llvm-py/    
3D     VPython     http://vpython.org